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In this article, we discuss the concept of safetywashing defined as the strategic practice of promoting, marketing, and branding of safety practices without full disclosure of negative information to improve the image of the organization. The research seeks to answer two questions: first, what are safetywashing strategies? Second, what are the effects of safetywashing strategies? To study this, 106 news articles relating to construction safety in India, as well as 439 reader comments on them, were systematically collected and their contents analyzed to compile multiple case studies which had evidence of safetywashing. We analyze multiple instances from these case studies to build theoretical insight into these strategies and their effects, using an approach anchored in a social exchange theoretical framework. We highlight different safetywashing strategies employed in the construction sector, such as safety as a project objective, explaining safety initiatives, associating with pioneers, as well as investing in safety. These strategies lead to accepting of organizations, prioritizing safety, and diverting focus, all of which have different implications for safety practice in the construction industry. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Limited research exists on safety leadership and safety climate in developing countries, despite their established importance in the construction industry. This study addresses this gap by investigating how immediate superiors' safety leadership behaviours influence safety climate perceptions among construction professionals in southern India. Using a quantitative approach, the study collected valid questionnaire surveys among 279 construction professionals by convenience sampling across various construction sites. The survey revealed that safety leadership significantly and positively predicts five key safety climate factors: management's commitment to safety, safety equipment and procedures, safety training, communication and openness, and group dynamics and safety culture. These findings highlight the critical role immediate superiors play in shaping safety climate perceptions through their commitment, communication, and employee involvement. This research underscores the importance of investing in safety leadership development to improve safety outcomes, reduce accidents and injuries, and enhance regulatory compliance within the Indian construction industry. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study identifies safety leadership factors affecting construction site safety and organizational safety climate, offering suggestions for adopting optimistic leadership styles and a zero-accident vision. The literature review is done exclusively for identifying factors and improving core knowledge. This study developed a questionnaire to examine the relationships between the organizational safety climate and the safety leadership styles. The questionnaire was distributed to construction companies from all over India. The statistical analysis encompassed 396 verified responses from the survey, yielding an impressive 79.20 percent response rate. The valid responses collected were analysed to find the relative importance index and the association between the categorical variables. The results showed that "personal safety knowledge" ranked the highest while performing the relative importance index analysis. Furthermore, the chi-square analysis found two pessimistic leadership styles, namely "laissez-faire leadership" and "management-by-exception", significantly associated with the safety climate. The study implies that the target audience must avoid adopting the two pessimistic leadership styles to improve the organizational safety climate. This study examines the various safety leadership styles practised among construction professionals for the first time in India. Specifically, it identifies critical factors that affect the organizational safety climate and pessimistic leadership styles that diminish the safety outcomes of the construction site. The results act as an eye-opener for the targeted audience (like senior and middle-level management professionals, academicians, and upcoming researchers) to enhance the safety of construction sites by adopting optimistic leadership styles with an idea of a 'zero accident' construction premises. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Inadequate compliance with safety practices is a major hurdle in the construction industry, and a single-level source of input to assess safety culture is a major limitation of the literature. Therefore, this study aimed to capture multi-level employees' (top management, middle management and workers) perceptions to assess multi-level safety culture (organizational level, project level and personnel level) in the construction industry. This study considered the Indian construction industry as the study area and used a questionnaire survey and interview technique as research instruments. In total, 184 responses were collected from multi-level employees. Data analysis was performed using a descriptive statistical method and hypothesis testing using the Mann–Whitney U test followed by the Kruskal–Wallis and post hoc tests. Findings highlighted inadequate safety compliances and significant (p < 0.05) perception differences among multi-level employees. Further, root cause analysis for observed perception differences was performed, and managerial implications were discussed from implementation perspectives. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• A risk management framework with integrated safety planning of construction project is formulated and presented. • Application of BIM for hazard identification and risk assessment is illustrated. • Project-integrated automated safety schedule and hazard control system are developed and demonstrated. • A prototype of worker training tracker to store and monitor workers' safety training information is built and elaborated. The construction industry accounts for 24.20% of all accidents in India, resulting in almost 75 accidents daily. Every construction job involves certain risk levels, often resulting in losses such as fatalities, compensation costs, man-hour loss, work delays, and ergonomic disorders in workers. Poor site safety management and hesitation towards adopting new methods and technologies often result in inefficient workflow, accidents, and inferior productivity. All these factors pile up, causing a surge in indirect costs, almost four times direct costs. The Indian construction industry employs 51 million workers but has only 4% formally trained workforce. Safety planning is currently considered a 'secondary' task due to insufficient safety budget, lack of well-defined training modules and modern tools, unawareness about underlying hazards, etc. The current study is an attempt to identify and assess underlying activity-based hazards using the Failure Mode and Effect Analysis (FMEA) approach by harnessing the potential of digital tools such as Building Information Modelling (BIM) and Visual Scripting in Dynamo v.2.10 to facilitate automation in generating 'Safety Schedule' in coordination with the project schedule. This study presents a novel idea of proactive safety planning, enabling workers and managers to foresee possible hazards associated with ongoing activity. Further, a worker training tracker prototype is developed in Microsoft Visual Studio using C# to store and track workers' safety training information. Managers can use this tracker to review workers' competence and ensure that they would have received appropriate role-based safety training. The applicability and effectiveness of the proposed method are demonstrated through a case study project. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• This study explores how YouTube facilitates construction safety knowledge sharing through the perspective of two-step flow theory. • Via social network analysis and semantic analysis, this study explored the video network and investigate how sentiment affects users' viewing and commenting behaviours. • This study reveals that most top commenters were construction safety experts and staff from training institutes or companies, who attempted to market their brands via YouTube. • Harel-Koren Fast Multiscale layout algorithm results indicated that neither the opinion leaders nor the users had a strong will to interact with others. • Opinion leaders might use videos with negative emotions for effective knowledge sharing. This study explores how YouTube facilitates construction safety knowledge sharing. It contributes to knowledge by applying two-step flow theory, social network analysis, and semantic analysis to explore the video network and investigate how sentiment affects users' viewing and commenting behaviours. By conducting data mining and interactive visualisation algorithms, this study analysed 500 construction safety videos from 2007 to 2021, 2000 users and 2608 comments about these videos. Most top commenters were construction safety experts and staff from training institutes or companies. They attempted to market their brands via YouTube. 3722-word pairs semantic analysis, indicated that most opinion leaders expressed their opinions positively. Half of the construction safety YouTube videos were uploaded in 2020 and 2021, indicating that YouTube social network and video making activities became prevalent during the COVID-19 pandemic. Besides, the US accounts for half of the top ten videos uploaders. Many YouTube videos mentioned social media such as "Facebook," "Instagram", "Twitter," and "LinkedIn", evidenced cross information sharing among social network platforms. Popular Indonesian words like "Bangunan" (building), "kerja" (work) and Ahmedabad (India's industrial hub) evidenced the popularity of Indonesian and Indian in sharing construction safety knowledge via YouTube. Unlike many YouTubers in the entertainment sector who utilised it to interact with fans, Harel-Koren Fast Multiscale layout algorithm results of 277 YouTube video clusters revealed that neither the opinion leaders nor the users had a strong will to interact with others. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]