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Objectives: To report the microbiological spectrum of conjunctival flora and prevalence of biofilm-forming Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) in conjunctival flora in chronic dacryocystitis., Design: Prospective, case-control study., Methods: We included patients with unilateral chronic dacryocystitis, and their unaffected eyes as control. Microbiological profile and antibiotic susceptibility of the isolates was determined by standard microbiological procedures. S. aureus isolates were further evaluated for Methicillin resistance by Oxacillin resistance screening agar method and mecA polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and for biofilm synthesis by Congo red agar method, Microtitre plate (MTP) assay, and ica A and ica D PCR., Results: We found 95 patients with unilateral chronic dacryocystitis. Aerobic Gram-positive isolates (74.2%, n = 72) were more than Gram-negative (25.7%, n = 25) or anaerobic isolates (20.5%, n = 25). S. aureus was most common (46.4%, n = 45), followed by Pseudomonas aeruginosa (10.3%, n = 10). Gram-positive isolates showed highest sensitivity to Linezolid (100%) and higher generation fluoroquinolones. Gram-negative isolates showed good sensitivity (>90%) to all tested antibiotics. S. aureus isolates showed MRSA prevalence as 93.5% and 96.9% by Oxacillin resistance screening agar method and mecA PCR, respectively. Biofilm formation was found in 71.8% MRSA isolates by MTP assay and 58.1% MRSA isolates were resistant to ≥3 classes of antibiotics., Conclusions: Gram-positive organisms, specifically S. aureus, are the major etiological agent in chronic dacryocystitis. There is high prevalence of MRSA in these isolates and concurrent biofilm formation.

Introduction: Dacryocystitis is an infection and an inflammation of the lacrimal sac and is an important cause of ocular morbidity in India., Objective: To isolate and identify the bacterial patterns associated with dacryocystitis and to determine their antibacterial sensitivity pattern., Materials and Methods: A total of 100 lacrimal swab materials were subjected to bacterial analysis. Children less than 8 years were not included in the study., Results: The chances of chronic dacryocystitis were more than acute dacryocystitis and were commonly found in the age group of 41 - 50 years. Females were more vulnerable to the infection than males. From a 100 samples a total of 122 bacterial isolates were obtained. Both Gram positive and Gram negative bacteria were equally distributed in the study. The most common organism associated with the infection was S. aureus. The antibacterial sensitivity showed more effectiveness towards Gram positive isolates than Gram negative isolates., Conclusion: Both Gram positive and Gram negative organism are associated with with chronic dacryocystitis. Knowledge of the bacteriology of dacryocystitis and the susceptibility of the bacteria towards antibiotics will better guide a clinician in the choice of the medication for the most appropriate drug for the treatment., (© NEPjOPH.)