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Solar still is the easiest method to purifying the saline water for domestic usage, but this method needs much improvement for better performance since it has lower productivity. In this paper, an experimental investigation is completed to analyse the semi cylindrical solar productivity still. The semi-cylindrical still is incorporated with direct atomizer and scrap used as an energy storage medium. Experiments are carried out during March 2020 in Kovilpatti, the southern part of India, with a depth of 2 and 4 cm saline water. Comparative performance analysis is made for conventional semi-cylindrical still, semi-cylindrical still with an atomizer, and semi-cylindrical still with atomizer and storage materials. The experimental study shows that the productivity of still increases while decreasing the water depth. Compared with 2-cm and 4-cm depth, solar still with 2-cm depth gives promising distillate productivity. The solar productivity still having 4-cm depth of water without atomizer gives only 2670 ml; on the other side, 2-cm water depth without atomizer gives 3100-ml productivity. The maximum productivity of solar still is found on a semi-cylindrical solar still combined with atomizer and energy storage medium having 2-cm water depth. Results revealed a higher freshwater production rate of 3610 ml found while incorporating atomizer and energy storage with the solar still. The system efficiency improved up to 35.20% compared to conventional semi-cylindrical still with 4 cm of saline water depth. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This comprehensive study aims to assess the technical, financial, and policy implications of integrating solar power systems with battery storage in India. The research focuses on the commercial and industrial segments, investigating the viability of solar and battery storage systems across key states. Three primary scenarios are analysed to evaluate the financial feasibility of such systems. In addition, this study provides insights into the energy storage needs in India, including an examination of storage tender activities, government initiatives to promote energy storage, challenges faced, and future prospects. The research methodology involves a detailed techno-economic analysis, taking into account various factors such as capital costs, operational expenses, system performance, and revenue potential. Financial indicators such as levelized cost of energy, return on investment, and payback period are calculated to determine the financial viability of solar power systems with battery storage. Moreover, the study explores the market dynamics surrounding energy storage in India, including an overview of storage tender activities that have taken place. It also investigates the initiatives undertaken by the government to promote energy storage adoption and discusses the challenges encountered in implementing these systems. The findings of this research provide valuable insights into the techno-economic viability of solar power systems with battery storage in India, shedding light on the market potential and future prospects. The study contributes to the ongoing discussions on renewable energy integration and storage solutions in the Indian energy landscape, guiding policymakers, industry stakeholders, and investors towards informed decision-making. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper explores business models for community energy storage (CES) and examines their potential and feasibility at the local level. By leveraging Multi Criteria Decision Making (MCDM) approaches and real-world case studies in Europe and India, it presents insights into CES deployment opportunities, challenges, and best practices. Different business models, including community energy cooperatives, utility–community partnerships, demand response, energy services, and market mechanisms, are analyzed. The proposed method combines the MCDM method PROMETHEE II with the fuzzy set theory to obtain a complete CES business model ranking, addressing project uncertainties. The analysis emphasizes CES's role in balancing local renewable energy supply and demand, facilitating energy sharing, and achieving energy independence. Findings prioritize models like Community Cooperative, Energy Arbitrage, and Energy Arbitrage Peak Shaving for CES with renewables. Environmental benefits include reduced diesel use and greenhouse gas emissions. Efficient cooperatives are advocated to recover costs and enable competitive energy prices. The paper highlights the need for novel value propositions to boost the energy transition in local communities. This research contributes to the discourse on CES business models, fostering knowledge exchange and promoting effective strategies for sustainable energy systems. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

As technology keeps developing, India has become an emerging market in the world in consuming lithium-ion battery (LIB) in numerous applications such as portable electronics, energy storage system (ESS) and the latest into electric vehicles. The high-end consumption of such batteries would generate a significant quantity of end-of-life batteries in coming seven to eight years. Currently, there is no dedicated legislation or infrastructure to handle such waste stream, which could be beneficial economically, environmentally and socially. The present review explains the current situation of LIB recycling in India, the challenges and possibilities to adopt a recycling business in India. In addition, information about the importance of waste as a resource and the current government legislation about battery disposal and various process methodologies to recover the economically valuable metals in the discarded batteries are presented. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Microgrids system consisting of single or multiple energy resources and storage is used to provide electricity to remote rural areas. Subsequently, they can be worked in both grid-connected and islanded modes. Microgrids can provide stable energy solutions to areas where grid extension is either costly or not feasible. The system's long-term economic stability and sustainability must be considered throughout the microgrid's design. Renewable energy sources have a variety of objectives and possible restrictions. The current plan suggests a rural microgrid with integrated solar, diesel, and battery systems. The proposed microgrid for the rural area of Uttarakhand (India) is given a techno-economic and feasibility analysis. For the hilly region of India, a standalone microgrid is created to handle the home peak load of 13kW. Moth flam optimization (MFO) is utilized to optimize the proposed energy framework, and the results are compared with those of a genetic algorithm (GA) and particle swarm optimization (PSO). The optimal hybrid system's net current and energy costs are calculated to be $58372.00, with the cost of energy per unit being $0.14/kWh. Sensitivity analysis and robustness viability have been performed for the configuration. The finding suggested that the energy framework using MFO is 18% and 16% less expensive than GA and PSO, respectively. This research adds new direction to critical sustainable development among developed countries. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The increasing population and its associated amenities demand innovative devices, infrastructure, methods, plans and policies. Regional climate has a great role in deciding the air quality and energy demand, and therefore, weather and climate have an indisputable role in its consumption and storage. Here, we present the changes in trace gases and associated regional weather in India during lockdown and unlock periods of COVID-19. We observe a reduction of about 30% in sulphur dioxide (SO2) and 10–20% in aerosols in the Indo-Gangetic Plain (IGP), large cities, industrial sites, mining areas and thermal power plants during lockdown as compared to the same period in the previous year and with respect to its climatology. However, a considerable increase in aerosols is found, particularly over IGP during Unlock 1.0 (1–30 June 2020), because of the relaxation of lockdown restrictions. The analyses also show a decrease in temperature by 1–3 °C during lockdown compared to its climatology for the same period, mainly in IGP and Central India, possibly due to the significant reduction in absorbing aerosols such as black carbon and decrease in humidity during the period. The west coast, northwest and central India show reduced wind speed when compared to its previous year and climatological values, suggesting that there was a change in regional weather due to the lockdown. Energy demand in India decreased by about 25–30% during the first phase of lockdown and about 20% during the complete lockdown period. This study thus suggests that the reduction of pollution could also modify local weather, and these results would be useful for drafting policy decisions on air pollution reduction, urban development, the energy sector, agriculture and water resources. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The use of energy storage material can have a significant influence on the water productivity of solar still. Water productivity by solar energy and without environmental pollution are the advantages of using solar desalination in addition to being cost-effective. In this study, a novel conch shell biomaterial was considered as an energy storage material and porous media in a solar still (CSSS) to improve the performance of the system. The conch shell biomaterial stores the thermal energy of the sun and releases it into the saline water when the solar radiation is low. Also, the porous surface of the conch shells acts like a porous absorber and absorbs a large amount of solar radiation which led to increasing the water temperature. The experiments were conducted in the climatic conditions of Ongole city (15.5057° N, 80.0499° E), India. The results showed that the cumulative productivity of solar still using conch shells as an energy storage biomaterial and porous media was achieved 10.8% better than conventional solar still (CSS). Moreover, the CSSS outperformed CSS in terms of energy and exergy efficiency by 10.3% and 9%, respectively. In addition, the CPL and CO 2 emissions mitigation of modified solar still were enhanced by about 11.1% and 10.9% more than conventional ones. [Display omitted] [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The design and manufacturing of energy storage system (ESS) are essential for human society development. India has made significant efforts to improve its energy storage infrastructure. The main elements for energy storage development are batteries i.e., lithium-ion batteries (LIB), lithium air batteries, etc. and supercapacitors. As the lithium resources are specifically located in China, Japan, USA, and Chile, to reduce the dependency on these countries for lithium-ion battery, India must think about alternative material. Sodium-ion battery (SIB) is at the forefront of the development, and it aims at providing low-cost devices less affected to resources. This review paper addresses the fundamental principles, structure and focused on the components of sodium-ion battery. This paper also helps to address the electrolytes used in sodium-ion battery with their design and modelling. Current research and future directions has been discussed in this article for sodium-ion batteries. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper thoroughly analyses energy, economic and environmental (3E) performance of using different battery (BAT) energy storage system like lead acid battery (LAB), lithium-ion battery (LIB), vanadium redox flow (VRF) battery and mechanical energy storage (MES) like flywheel and pumped hydro storage (PHS) using three different dispatch strategies (DS) such as cycle charging (CC), load following (LF) and generator order (GO), respectively. Andaman and Nicobar(A&N) Island of India have no main grid. Hybrid Optimization Model for Electric Renewable (HOMER) Pro software is used to study feasibility of power generation using various sources. Study incorporating tidal plant with wind turbine and Bio-DG in micro grid is considered first time for an Indian scenario as per authors' knowledge with application of various DS and energy storage technologies. The superiority of LIB over LAB and MES is proved in this study. Wind/Bio-DG /tidal/LIB have relatively least net present cost(NPC), cost of energy (COE) of $1.30M and $0.263, respectively among five energy storage devices using CC dispatch strategy compared to other two strategies. It is investigated that LIB uses only 250 units of batteries, which is 46% less than total utilized LAB units for catering same load. In terms of expected lifespan, energy losses, energy production and state of charge (SOC), performance of LIB are superior to LAB. SWOT and sensitivity analysis have been performed considering fuel price and wind speed. Different techno economic indicators like cost summary, cash flow, fuel summary, economics, electrical parameters, renewable fraction (RF), return of investment (ROI), lowest simple payback period, internal rate of return (IRR), pollutant emission are considered and compared with each other for LAB and LIB combinations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Understanding the adoption of battery management systems (BMS) or energy storage systems (ESS) is essential for utilities interested in developing efficient grid systems. This research enhances the understanding of ESS adoption and its success rate in grid utility. Furthermore, this research addresses the concerns regarding which factors are essential for ESS adoption in smart grid and how they impact the adoption rate. This study describes empirical testing of a structural model based on the TOE (technology–organization–environment) theory of adoption influencing the adoption rate of the battery management system. Here, confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) and structural equation modeling (SEM) techniques were used to test the research model's validity, reliability, and model fitness based on relevant responses obtained from a questionnaire survey. This model illustrates how these factors can influence BMS adoption in the power industry positively or negatively through statistical analysis. The results indicate that for adopting ESS in a grid, knowledge about available energy storage technologies is crucial, followed by cost competition, perceived benefits of innovation, environmental awareness, the public attitude toward ESS technology, perceived social trust, and perceived risk. Based on the best knowledge of the authors, this is probably the first attempt that explicitly explains a model for the factors affecting ESS integration in the grid for developing countries like India and focused on battery adoption. Moreover, the findings of this study have important implications for energy policymakers and utility companies and have consequences for managerial practice and policymaking. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

There is increasing urgency towards integration of renewable sources into electricity generation so as to minimize greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions. Renewable power sources are highly specific in prevalence, both regionally and temporally, and their utilization at utility scale for round-the-clock power supply poses the problem of matching power generation capacity and power demand at every instant of time. In the present work, we propose a model that integrates geographically distributed and diverse power sources with geographically spread-out power consumption centres and distributed and diverse electrical energy storage systems through transmission and storage loss models. For a regional electricity grid, the model computes, over a given day, the minute-by-minute power demand from and power generation in all districts, extracts matching power from a hierarchy of power sources so as to minimize transmission and storage losses, and stores/draws excess power in/from a variety of power storage options. For the specific case of the South Indian Power Grid (catering to about 285 million people in South India), the model shows that about 240 GWh of new electrical storage is required for round-the-clock power supply from non-GHG power sources. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Cogeneration is preferred mostly in process industries where both thermal and electrical energies are required. Cogeneration plants are more efficient than utilizing the thermal and electrical energies independently. Present government policies in India made renewable energy generation mandatory in order to minimize fossil fuels consumption and to protect the environment. Hence, many cogeneration plants have been integrated with renewable energy generation. However, post-integration effects increase and introduce inefficiencies in the operation of cogeneration systems. In this paper, a case study of an identified typical cogeneration plant where renewable energy is integrated is considered. Post operational effects on the plant due to integration of renewable energy (solar) are studied and by practical experimentation through cost-benefit analysis the break-even point beyond which renewable energy generation introduces inefficiencies is estimated. Next, a systematic methodology is developed based on the heuristic forward-chaining approach technique to establish the breakeven point. An algorithm/flow chart is developed using an iterative method and executed through MATLAB using practical data from the industry. Suggestions for suitable energy storage devices to store renewable energy beyond the breakeven point, based on a techno-economic analysis of energy storage technologies, are made. Further, the battery energy storage system is designed and the capacity is estimated based on the practical solar irradiance data. A rule-based algorithm is developed to control the charge and discharge cycles of battery storage based on predefined conditions. The payback period is estimated based on the expected monetary benefits of proposed energy storage and the economy of the proposed system is ensured. The post-operational issues are resolved by introducing energy storage. The methodology presented in this paper can be a guiding tool for optimization of various renewable-energy-integrated cogeneration systems. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The present work investigated mapping and scientometric techniques adopt on the publications towards analysis the research trend in energy storage and conversion. The research was conducted based on Web of Science data for the 1993–2021 periods. The study found out that India's research effort in the energy storage and conversion field was significantly less than world production for all years in the study period from 1993 to 2021. Although the research performance of the contribution of scientists rose to peak levels with over a thousand publications between 2014 and 2021, were the highest-rated collaborative authors with 10 (45.45%) of the publications of the Alagappa University. The main types of sources were published as articles with 23,394 (88.7%) publications. Research articles engaged the first position, Wang Y tops the list with 322 (1.22%) publications, followed by Zhang Y, Wang J, Li Y, Liu J, Zhang L, Liu Y, and Wang L had the 2nd to 8th position for them, of which more than 200 publications testify. It was found that the largest number of published papers in chemistry was 4,444 with 12,103 (45.89%) of the publications, Chinese Peoples were with 12,145 (46.05%) devoted about half of the research publications shared in energy storage and conversion applications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The conventional solar still is limited to a daily yield of approximately 2–3.5 kg/m2/day. To increase the yield, this study investigates experimentally the combined effects of latent and sensible energy storage together with magnetization. Paraffin and novel high-thermal conductivity nanomaterial (graphite plate) were used as latent and sensible heat storage materials, respectively. There was an overall increase of 62% and 235% in the daytime and night-time yield, respectively, giving a total yield of 5.5 kg/m2/day compared to 3.4 kg/m2/day for a conventional still. Enviro-economic parameters like emissions, CO 2 mitigation and carbon credit (CC) earned were also investigated. Energy matrices analysis and water quality checks were performed to estimate the energy-payback time, life cycle conversion efficiency (LCCE) and purity of desalinated water. The cost per liter of freshwater was found to be 3.7% cheaper than for a conventional still and 69% cheaper than bottled water in India. Over a 30 year period, 40.3 Tonnes of CO 2 will be mitigated contributing a CC and LCCE of $402 and 0.52, respectively. The proposed modified still is recommended as a substitute for conventional stills and stills with simple energy storage. [Display omitted] [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Solar-based desalination is one of the prominent contributors to overcoming the water scarcity problems in desert areas and a major alternative to fossil fuel-based desalination methods. The present study focuses on utilizing green almond shells (green almond shells) as energy storage materials in tubular solar still (TSS) to enhance water productivity, energy efficiency, and economic and environmental analyses. Further, this study discusses the yearly water output, annual energy efficiency, and economic and environmental analyses. Two different TSS were utilized which consists of conventional TSS (CTSS) without any storage materials and modified TSS with the inclusion of green almond shells (MTSS) in the climatic conditions of Chennai, India. The yearly distilled water output from the CTSS and MTSS was evaluated as 512 and 691.2 kg/m 2 , respectively. The yearly distilled water output from the MTSS is 26% higher when compared to the CTSS. Furthermore, the maximum monthly energy efficiency of the CTSS and MTSS was 14.4 and 19.44%, respectively. The annual energy efficiency of the CTSS and MTSS is 12.6 and 17.02%, respectively. The economic analysis of the system is also carried out, and the findings show that better economic feasibility is achieved in MTSS considering the INR 5 (Indian Rupees) cost of water. The payback period for MTSS was 12 months, while for CTSS it is calculated to be 20 months. Furthermore, CO 2 emission and mitigation have also been evaluated, and the results indicate that the utilization of porous material has increased the emission for MTSS, while CO 2 mitigation has been significantly higher as compared to the CTSS system., (© 2024. The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany, part of Springer Nature.)

In recent period, electricity need is increasing because of automatic control systems in developing modern societies. So it is necessary to estimate the consumption and needs of a particular sector to match the generation and demand for whole society. This task is performed by the modeling of electricity demand, in which many tools/plans and policies are involved. According to which, tariffs are made to benefit the society as well as energy suppliers. Electricity demand modeling is also needful when any of the generation plant is going to be installed, especially in the case of solar PV plant, in which number of panels, area, and balance of system completely depends upon the electricity demand. Hence in this work, modeling is proposed for electricity demand after analyzing various sectors. After the proper energy audit in initial stage, hybrid generation system (Thermal/Solar PV/DG/Batteries) will be modeled to match the demand in peak hours using metaheuristics optimization techniques. Low carbon emission and energy storage are the key features of power generation using solar PV system, which are very beneficial for any state of India. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Solar energy is abundantly available on the earth and can be utilized in various applications by converting it in a suitable form. Water supply in remote places and rural areas is still critical due to the unavailability of the grid power. In a developing country like India, the grid construction cost is 6670 $/km because of which some remote areas are still waiting for electricity. There is a large scope to meet this need with the help of a standalone solar water pumping system. In this context, this work presents detailed simulation in MATLAB/Simulink and experimental validation of photovoltaic (PV) permanent magnet brushless DC (PMBLDC) motor water pumping system without energy storing. Simulation is a tool to get system behavior at the various input parameters immediately reflects a change in the output parameter. The simulation results are validated with the help of field trials on the experimental setup. A 0.5 hp photovoltaic permanent magnet brushless DC (PMBLDC) motor water pumping system was used for extensive field trials experimentation. After extensive field trials, the optimum irradiation observed for full water discharge 19.9 L/min was 330 W/m² where voltage and current were 35.1 V and 3.1 A respectively. The Water flow - Irradiation characteristic curve and percentage variation in simulation and experimental results showed a good agreement with each other. The efficiency of the photovoltaic panel and the entire solar water pumping system observed was 12.76 ± 0.64 % and 9.07± 0.45 % respectively. The 0.5 hp PMBLDC motor water pumping system is sufficient to lift 10000 L water every day. PMBLDC motor, shown added advantage of lesser running maintenance due to the absence of carbon brushes which need frequent replacement in case of brushed DC motor. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A grid connected renewable energy based hybrid microgrid, incorporating solar PV, biomass generators, and Gravity Energy storage system (GESS) has been proposed in this article. This is done to provide uninterrupted energy to a hilly village of North‐East India. A bi‐directional energy transaction with the central grid is considered for handling uncertainties and to gain monetary benefit through energy sale. The GESS is only charged through solar PV and biomass generators, to reduce the carbon footprint. The outward energy transaction with the central grid helps in reducing the energy cost for consumers inside the microgrid. Transaction price of energy from the central grid is considered from historical data available in the website of Indian Energy Exchange Limited (IEX). For different combinations of loading pattern and GESS initial storage, the Levelized cost of energy (LCOE) is found to vary in between INR 2.71/kWh to INR 3.41/kWh, which is lower than the current Nagaland state government approved tariff of INR 3.55/kWh. Any subsidy from governmental or non‐governmental organizations has not been considered in the present study while calculating the installation cost of Solar PV and Biomass generators to portray the actual scenario. Whale optimization algorithm (WOA) has been used to find the optimal solution of the proposed system. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Electrical energy storage is a promising solution to overcome the intermittency and demand-supply mismatch problem in hybrid renewable energy systems. The objective of the present study is to prioritize ten electrical energy storage systems by using an innovative ranking framework, considering different criteria. Further, a techno-economic study of a hybrid renewable energy system is performed for rural area electrification, where the present selection strategy of the storage system is incorporated in the system design. Due to the conflicting nature of these criteria, a fuzzy assisted Technique for Order of Preference by Similarity to Ideal Solution method based framework is employed for its prioritization. The effect of variation of the weights on the criteria is also investigated through a sensitivity analysis. The framework is used to design an optimum hybrid renewable energy system for a remote village in India using the Hybrid Optimization Model for Electric Renewables tool. The results of the ranking show that pumped hydro storage, compressed air energy storage, and lead-acid batteries are the top three electrical energy storage systems that present more benefits for renewable energy integration for the present case. Moreover, adopting a storage system selection strategy can further reduce the cost of energy of the system. Therefore, the present framework provides a systematic procedure of storage system selection for renewable energy integration by considering different conflicting criteria for case-specific application. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

With the growing popularity of electrified transportation across the world, there have been extensive reports of research involving plug-in electric vehicles (PEVs), electric vehicle charging facilities (EVCFs) and their integration to the main electric grid, besides sustainable energy resources for powering these vehicles. This study proffers a power factor corrected level-1 DC public green-charging infrastructure accompanied by an integrated control, for electric light motor vehicles, compliant with recently formulated Indian charging standards. Power factor correction of plug-in electric vehicle charging current, solar photo-voltaic grid integration and charging of energy storage system is achieved using control of bidirectional AC/DC converters. A firmware and user interface for multimode off-board DC charging, with green, fast and semi-fast charging modes are investigated. Intelligent control for fast charging is also presented to reduce its pernicious impact on the grid. The simulation and hardware results verify the prime performance objectives of improving the local power quality and renewable energy utilisation with multimode charging, in the Indian context. The effectiveness of the proposed infrastructure is further demonstrated by a simulated use case, where 30 PEVs are randomly charged, in various modes, at this EVCF during busy commute hours. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study addresses the issue of fluctuating output in cow dung-based biogas (BG) production due to temperature dependence. A thermal model is proposed and implemented in an area with abandoned BG resources, utilizing typical meteorological year (TMY) data. The model aims for constant BG output by maintaining digester temperature at 39 °C throughout the year. It is found that integrating heating with a 3100 CUM cow dung-based biogas digester (BD) increase the energy production capacity from 2.25 GWh/year to 3 GWh/year. Subsequently, three different cases are studied: standalone PV, PV-BG system, and PV-BG system with the heating arrangement, and they are scheduled using the area's TMY data, according to a strategy that can fulfil highly dynamic load curves with 690 kW peak and 264 kW average demand, as reported by the Government of India, with zero loss of power supply probability (LPSP). In the proposed case, the integration of heating reduced the PV and energy storage system (ESS) sizes by 65 % and 52 %, respectively. The current system imposes a COE of INR 2.1/kWh, which is 70 % cheap than grid electricity in the surrounding areas, with the help of proper resource estimation utilizing TMY data, integration of heating, and compressed biogas (CBG) production with energy. • Proposed a thermal model to assess heat loss from a biogas (BG) digester. • Projected BG resource of an area based on availability of cow-dung and TMY data. • Designed a PV-biogas based IRES with heating arrangement for a rural island. • TMY data and load demand are considered for techno-economic analysis of the IRES. • Compared the proposed IRES with other PV-biogas based IRESs designed for that area. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this work, the thermodynamic performance of a single slope solar still with cotton cloth energy storage medium was compared with a simple solar still without energy storage. Two solar stills with similar dimensions (one with cotton cloth energy storage and another without energy storage) were fabricated and investigated its performance under the hot humid climatic conditions of Chennai in India during the summer months of 2017. The performance was evaluated in terms of energy and exergy analysis based on first and second law of thermodynamics, respectively, for 2 mm, 4 mm, 6 mm and 8 mm cotton cloth thickness. The results showed that the maximum energy and exergy efficiency of a solar still was observed to be 23.8% and 2.6%, respectively, for 6 mm cotton cloth thickness. The results confirmed that the cotton cloth regenerative medium has enhanced the still productivity by about 24.1% when compared to the solar still without heat storage. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract Rural electricity plans are usually designed by relying on top-down rough and aggregated estimations of the electricity demand, which may fail to capture the real dynamics of local contexts. This study aims at soft-linking a bottom-up approach for short- and long-term forecasts of load profiles with an energy optimisation model in a more comprehensive rural energy planning procedure. The procedure is applied to a small Indian community, and it is based on three blocks: (i) a bottom-up model to project households' electrical appliances, which adopts socio-economic indicators to make long-term projections; (ii) a stochastic load profile generator, which employs correlations and users' habits for assessing the coincidence and load factors; (ii) an energy optimisation model based on OSeMOSYS to find the economic optimum. The simulations show that demand models based on socio-economic indicators lead to more structured and less arbitrary scenarios. The soft-link with the energy optimisation model confirms that when accounting for short- and long-term variabilities of electricity demand together, the optimal capacities and costs can vary up to 144% and 50% respectively. Integrating optimisation tools to bottom-up models based on socio-economic indicators for forecasting electricity demand is therefore pivotal to set more reliable investments plans in rural electrification. Graphical abstract Image 1 Highlights • A bottom-up model for local electricity demand in rural India is revised. • A stochastic model accounts for short-term uncertainty. • Using socio-economic indicators leads to less arbitrary demand scenarios. • A soft-link with a long-term rural energy optimisation model is developed. • The optimal planning is very sensitive to short- and long-term demand variations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• Techno-commercial analysis of grid-connected solar PV power plant with battery energy storage system, is presented. • Analysis of eight different roof top PV plants in industrial sector, is carried out. • Solar Industrial applications studied are a manufacturing unit, cold storage, flour mill, hospital, hotel, housing, office and a EV charging station. • Impact of voltage rise, thermal loading and reverse flow for different PV + BESS grid integration scenario, is presented. • Results recommends BESS as integrated component of an industrial PV plant for system reliability, flexibility and grid stability. This study presents the outcome of a utility-run rooftop photovoltaic (PV) power plant with battery energy storage systems (BESS) as a viable solution for enhanced energy storage and grid resiliency at the distribution network level. A comprehensive techno-commercial analysis of PV plants with BESS for commercial and industrial (C&I) consumers of a distribution company (DISCOM) is presented. The analysis is based on consumer data from eight different sectors in India. The impact of voltage rise, thermal loading and reverse flow are analysed for different PV + BESS grid network integration scenarios, which are found to be factored in the individual capacity and number of distributed systems connected to the grid, length and current carrying capacity of the feeder, running load and the location of PV + BESS integration. The cost-benefit analysis results show that the maximum economic benefit from PV + BESS can be attained by managing peak load, reducing diesel generator use, and increasing solar fraction in the energy system. The normalised net benefit is higher when PV + BESS is installed with load profiles, which coincides with the DISCOM load profiles. Results show BESS needs to be an essential element of a PV plant for reliability, flexibility, and grid stability. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract In the present work, we report results of operational testing of a rooftop stand-alone solar photovoltaic (SA-SPV) system of capacity 6.75 kW p over a period of one year. The performance is measured in terms of daily energy yield from SPV array, daily energy output from the battery energy storage (BES) and the inverter. The system's gross annual energy yield is 6069.68 kWh, and corresponding daily average energy yield is 16.58 kWh/day. The annual average reference yield, array yield and final yield of the system are 5.47 h/d, 2.44 h/d and 2.38 h/d, respectively. The annual performance ratio (PR) and capacity utilization factor (CUF) of the system are computed as 43.58% and 10.24%, respectively. The PR of the SA-SPV system is compared with other SA-SPV systems located in different climatic regions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract In order to achieve improved power quality and grid reliability, the Indian electricity sector will requires a cumulative energy storage capacity of 270 GW by 2047, at a cumulative capital outlay of US$ 200 billion in pumped hydro storage and US$ 120 billion in electrochemical-based systems. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The aim of this paper is to model a hybrid energy system for rural India. In this analysis a hybrid renewable system consists of solar-wind-hydrokinetic-bioenergy is proposed. Overall analysis including Optimization and sensitive analysis are evaluated by HOMER software. Optimized results are evaluated considering total net present cost, cost of energy, annual electric generation, renewable fraction and CO 2 emission. The analysis is done in order to increase efficiency of the system with comparatively less cost. From this exercise it is found that, combinations of more varieties of different renewable energy system are better to fulfill futuristic demand. Futuristic demand is calculated by logistic growth model. The value of COEs ($) and total generations (kWh/yr) are 0.3563 and 133045; 0.247 and 170948; 0.242 and 179018; 0.241 and 179303 for the year (2012–2021), (2022–2031), (2032–2041) and (2042–2051) respectively. However some other combinations may produce more power, although in such cases, in order to storage excess power COE will increase. As compared to the year (2012–2021) to (2042–2051) the optimized COE of electricity is minimized, keeping Annual cost nearly constant and amount of electric generation is increased without much effect on environment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this article, we describe our experiences of conducting a series of workshops titled ‘It’s a MATERIALS world!’ to popularize Materials Science among school children in India. Some of the hands-on activities that can be performed with easily available ingredients/equipment in a classroom are described for the benefit of educators. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The interplay of technology and mobility is expected to bring a paradigm change in our mobility patterns. Considering the strong emphasis being laid by the government on electric vehicles (EVs), India has a huge potential of becoming one of the largest EV markets. This carves out several opportunities for automobile manufacturers, EV original equipment manufacturers (OEMs), and other players in the EV value chain. However, together with these emerging opportunities, there are several existing challenges that need to be addressed in order to drive the agenda of EVs in India. In-depth understanding of key issues involved becomes extremely important, given the humongous projections by the International Energy Agency (IEA). It is estimated that passenger car ownership in India will grow by 775 per cent over the next 24 years, from the current per capita ownership of 20 per 1,000 inhabitants to 175 and overall road passenger vehicle activity increases more than six times. This article assesses the resource use and efficiency potential of batteries, a vital component which constitutes about 50% of EV costs and whether EV batteries can be given a second life in solar projects. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In recent years, growth in urbanization resulted in increased global energy demand. It is projected that by 2050, 45% of overall energy demand is through air conditioning/building space cooling applications. To meet the above-mentioned energy demand, there is a need for thermal energy management of the cooling system by utilizing waste heat from the industries. Thus, mobile/portable thermochemical energy storage (MTES) came into existence to utilize waste heat for building space cooling applications. In the present investigation, a case study on year-round and techno-economic feasibility of MTES system in district energy network, by extracting waste heat from Rourkela Steel Plant and transporting it to the NIT Rourkela academic building space cooling system is analyzed by developing a thermal model. For this case study, the capacity of the cooling system, the distance between the steel plant to the admin building, steam temperature through which thermal energy is generated and mass flow rate of steam are chosen as 1055 kW (300 Ton of Refrigeration), 7.4 km, 500 °C, and 25 tons/hr., respectively. Lithium Chloride is taken as molecular/thermochemical energy storage material or liquid desiccant. The required quantity of absorption material for each trip, no. of trips between the plant and building per day, device storage capacity, amount of heat dissipated to the surroundings for each trip, and location of the waste heat utilization unit in the steel plant are taken as techno-economic evaluation parameters. Then, MTES system performance and techno-economic feasibility studies for the year 2020 is carried out in accordance with the tropical climatic conditions of Rourkela, India. From this analysis, it is observed that during peak sunny day, heat dissipation from charging station to discharging station is about 927.24 MJ whereas from discharging station to charging station is about 145.76 MJ. The energy and round-trip efficiencies ratio which are the ratio of useful cooling output to the waste heat input and the ratio of heat dissipated to the surroundings during transit from charging station to discharging station to the waste heat provided at the charging station are observed to be 4.51 and 52%, respectively. Moreover, to make the system more economic and dependent upon renewable sources, the efficacy and profit incurred by diesel trucks, solar-powered trucks, and hybrid trucks are also assessed and compared in detail. [Display omitted] • Absorption based mobile thermal energy storage is introduced for building cooling. • Developed a thermal model for performance assessment of MTES system. • Evaluated the importance of waste heat and MTES system for building space cooling. • Analyzed year around performance of MTES system as per tropical climate. • Quantified MTES transportation cost by employing diesel, solar and hybrid trucks. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Renewables around the globe, provide fuel diversification, energy security and produce little or no emissions during the electricity generation. The unavailability of rotating masses prohibits on-grid renewable energy generation systems from providing inertia during a frequency disruption. This would be extremely unsettling and impactful when the proportion of energy in the grid due to renewables is high. India currently, has a 28.04% share of on-grid renewable energy. The grid infrastructure systems of India would face severe challenges when the share of on-grid renewables leaps past 50% in the future. Thus, this paper primarily addresses the repercussions of increasing share of on-grid renewables in terms of inertia and frequency response in India. The energy scenario of 2040 in India under 80% proliferation of on-grid renewables has been well reviewed in this paper. The novelty of this paper is the narrative literature review of the Indian Electricity Grid Code (IEGC) on frequency response which is unique and exclusive to this manuscript. It demonstrates the current strategies prevalent in the grid system of India towards frequency response and inertia support. This paper also explains the diverse control strategies and energy storage technologies required for adoption with the on-grid renewables in India for frequency response. The other novelty in this paper is the insight about the inertia lost due to an on-grid 100-kW p solar photovoltaic system to explain the readers about the impact when the integration is hundreds to thousands of kilowatts. • Share of renewables in the Indian grid network is 28.04% (113.226 GW) as of 2022. • India aspires to achieve 54% share of on-grid renewables by 2030 and 80% by 2040. • Indian Electricity Grid Code indicates need for expansion in active power reserves. • India requires diverse control strategies and energy storages for inertia support. • On-grid 100-kW p solar photovoltaic system loses inertia of 100-kW for 4.44 s. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• The techno-economic analysis is carried-out for hybrid energy system for rural consumer. • Investigation of suitable storage technique is performed for optimal hybrid energy system. • The optimization and designing is performed for the four different domains. • The Feasibility valuation of standalone solar Photovoltaic/Wind Turbine hybrid energy system is performed for different locations in India. • A unique social and environmental aspect has been addressed. This article investigated an economical hybrid solution while meeting the residential community load for the best storage technology in the backward regions of India. In this way, the financial and technical aspects of standalone hybrid renewable energy system are analysed, considering the environmental benefits of standalone PV/WT/DG/BS configurations. Lead-Acid Flow (LAF) based technology is found suitable among considered battery-storage. The optimised Hybrid arrangement shows the lowest COE and NPC as 0.192 $/kWh and 1, 23,851 $. The Renewable fraction is found higher in optimal system 93.3%.In addition, the feasibility analysis of solar, wind, and diesel generator associated with Lead Acid Flow-based technology is performed for three different climate locations in Northern and Eastern India. The validation of an optimised hybrid energy system is performed for the rural locality's combined residential and agricultural load. The PDAV tool, interlinked with HOMER- Pro software, executes the renewable resource assessment. India's northern – Tarai region has been found most suitable for the optimised hybrid arrangement PV / WT / DG / LAF with the lowest COE (0.183 $/kWh) NPC (2, 33,276 $) and renewable fraction (94.9 %).The feasible optimised arrangement is further analysed for utilisation of excess produced energy to improve social parameters. The social parameters included here for the analysis with sensitivity analysis and energy balance for different seasons. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The lack of drinkable, safe water is one problem that governments around the world are dealing with. There are many methods for desalinating saltwater, such as solar distillers, which can be used in remote places without access to traditional energy sources to produce distilled water. In this manuscript, two solar stills [conventional solar still (CSS) and CSS with high thermal conductivity material (HTCM)] were researched at the "School of Mechanical Engineering, B.S. Abdur Rahman Crescent Institute of Science and Technology, Vandalur, Chennai, India," under the same climatic condition. The HTCM (silicon carbide) works as a sensible heat energy storage material, which was placed at the basin of the CSS. The silicon carbide used in the present research is used to enhance the freshwater production during lower solar intensity period and furthermore after evening time. It has been found that the maximum fresh water production from the CSS is 1.5 kg/m 2 and the CSS with HTCM is 2.9 kg/m 2 . The daily yield production from the CSS with HTCM is 93.7% higher compared to the CSS. The study also has shown that the maximum daily thermal efficiency of the CSS is 13.43% and the CSS with HTCM is 26.09%. The CSS with HTCM produced 94.3% higher thermal efficiency as compared to the CSS., (© 2023. The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany, part of Springer Nature.)

Highlights: [•] In this study an integrated approach is chosen to assess CCS in India. [•] Five different assessment dimensions are covered. [•] Several conditions need to be fulfilled if CCS is to play a future role in India. [•] The most crucial requirement is a reliable storage capacity assessment for India. [•] Further requirements are economic viability, ecological impacts and public support. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract: The growing economy with corresponding increase in power demand causes more challenges in power sector of developing countries. In India, the increase in peak power demand necessitates energy storage schemes over and above the storage—hydro-, oil- and gas-based peak power plants to ensure power system stability. In utility energy storage schemes, the Pumped storage schemes attract more attention even in the developed countries due to its unique operational flexibility over other energy storage systems. In India, the availability of suitable topographies, hydro-thermal ratio imbalance in various regions, and optimal storage capacity for flexible power system operation gives a thought for the planers and executors to implement these schemes to meet peak demands. This paper presents a critical review of the necessity of pumped storage schemes in India. This review reveals that the major constraint for pumped storage operation in India is the deficit of off-peak power available in all the regional grids except north-east region for pumping at present. But the current adversity is likely to be gradually solved by the commissioning of newly proposed power projects. Fixing of a separate operational tariff for pumped storage schemes throughout the country is another requirement for which the government has set up a one man committee to analyze the feasibility for this peak tariff. Non-availability of lower tail pools and irrigation needs also causes poor pumping operations in some cases. However, most of the states in India are evincing interest in pumped storage schemes and proposals are being submitted to central government for securing stations clearance. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Abstract: The total installed capacity of electric power generating in India is170288MW. The maximum demand during summer is 8000MW, during winter is 5500MW and during monsoon is 7000MW. The power generation is always less than the required demand. The power shortage varies from 2000MW to 4000MW. The gap between the generation and demand is to increase the generation capacity. But in developing country like India, it is not possible to install more capacity instantly. So the other important way to reduce the gap is energy conservation. In this paper it was proposed to implement energy conservation through energy efficiency and energy management. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

The article discusses the significance of energy storage on various industries in India. The author mentions that energy storage technologies play a vital role in the country because it improves power generation to help meet shortage of demands during off-peak periods. Moreover, he adds that it is also important for the nation's energy security and to reduce the greenhouse gases (GHG) emissions of various sectors. Emerging energy storage technologies, electrochemical principles, and the role of chemical engineers in the development of these devices are also featured.

Abstract: Cooking with the sun has become a potentially viable substitute for fuel-wood in food preparation in much of the developing world. Energy requirements for cooking account for 36% of total primary energy consumption in India. The rural and urban population, depend mainly, on non-commercial fuels to meet their energy needs. Solar cooking is one possible solution but its acceptance has been limited partially due to some barriers. Solar cooker cannot cook the food in late evening. That drawback can be solved by the storage unit associated with in a solar cooker. So that food can be cook at late evening. Therefore, in this paper, an attempt has been taken to summarize the investigation of the solar cooking system incorporating with phase change materials (PCMs). [Copyright &y& Elsevier]