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Introduction: Sufficient volume of bone is of prime importance for successful osseointegration of dental implants. Mandibular ramus acts as a good source of cortical bone graft without much complications, as seen most commonly while harvesting bone graft from mandibular symphysis or body. Aim: To evaluate maximum extent and different dimensions (length, height, thickness, surface area and volume) of cortical bone graft that can be harvested from ascending ramus of mandible maintaining safe zone from anatomical vital structures by using CBCT. Materials and Methods: The retrospective CBCT analytical study has been carried out in the Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Guru Nanak Institute of Dental Sciences and Research, Kolkata, West Bengal, India. CBCT of 30 patients have been used to study 55 sites of ascending ramus of mandible. The CBCTs have been collected from Institutional archive. The studies were done in NNT viewer software. Results: The mean length of cortical bone graft that can be harvested from mandibular ramus was found to be 14.49±2.66 mm, whereas the mean height and thickness was 6.40±2.07 mm and 3.04±0.61 mm respectively. The mean surface area was found to be 308.88±75.37 sq mm, whereas volume was 272.15±92.02 cu mm. Each of the dimensions were compared among genders, sides and different age groups (18-29 years, 30-45 years and 45 years age group). Statistically significant difference was found for surface area and volume among genders, with males having greater dimension than female. Conclusion: Mandibular ramus can be a great option for harvesting cortical bone graft for alveolar ridge augmentation procedures. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: The use of titanium mesh in communited mandibular fractures has been substantially documented. However, the use of stainless steel mesh for routine fixation in mandibular fractures has not been widely reported. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the efficacy of stainless steel mesh for routine osteosynthesis of mandibular fractures., Materials and Methods: A total of 252 patients who had been diagnosed with 287 single or multiple mandibular fractures at Guru Nanak Institute of Dental Science and Research from 2002 to 2009 were selected for the present study. Those with condylar fractures and other maxillofacial injuries were excluded from the study. The patients were evaluated preoperatively, intraoperatively, and postoperatively at 1 day, 6 weeks, and 3 and 6 months. The local complications, occlusion (for static function), and chewing (for dynamic function) were evaluated postoperatively., Results: The intraoperative time taken for implant fixation (from site exposure to fixation of the last screw) was 32 minutes. Of the 252 patients, 40 (15.8%) had local complications and 24 patients required implant removal. Of the 252 patients, 82% had bilaterally satisfactory occlusion according to the surgeon at 6 months postoperatively. Discomfort in chewing unilaterally or bilaterally was reported by 17% of the patients., Conclusion: The results of our study have shown that stainless steel mesh has acceptable complication rates and the ability to maintain occlusion and chewing postoperatively compared with the present standards of care of mandibular fractures using miniplates. The lower cost and versatile placement of screws were the principal advantages. However, placement near the mental foramen with an extraoral approach for certain sites is the primary disadvantage., (Copyright © 2011 American Association of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgeons. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.)

Taking an approach integrating principles of leader-member exchange (LMX) differentiation with social comparison theory, we contend that subjective ratings by individuals of their LMX compared to the LMXs of coworkers (labeled LMX social comparison, or LMXSC) explain unique and meaningful variance in outcomes beyond LMX and the actual standing of those individuals in the LMX distribution, referred to as relative LMX, or RLMX. Our findings demonstrate that employees' perceptions of LMXSC are positively related beyond the effects of LMX and RLMX to job performance and citizenship behaviors. Further, we argue that LMXSC mediates the RLMX→outcomes relationships. Analyses showed that, in a sample of 254 employees nested in 50 work groups, a significant part of the effects of RLMX on job performance and citizenship behaviors was mediated through LMXSC after controlling for LMX., (Copyright 2010 APA, all rights reserved)