Search

Background and Aim: Determining the sex of an individual is possible when we apply appropriate statistical methods using scapular measurements. Determination of sex using scapular measurements is very useful in medicolegal cases, natural disasters and in certain circumstances in which traditionally used bones of skeleton are either absent or fragmented. This study aims to assess sexual dimorphism for identification purposes. Material and Methods: This study was conducted using 40 adult skeletons (25 males and 15 females) with closed epiphysis having intact and well-preserved scapulae. Scapulae were measured in millimetre for MSH, MSB, GCH and GCB with the help of the sliding calliper. For all tests, confidence level and level of significance were set at 95% and 5% respectively. Results: There was a highly significant difference (P < 0.001) between male and female for the mean value of all measurements. So it indicates the existence of strong sexual dimorphism in scapula. Conclusion: Geometric morphometrics techniques feature promising results in the evaluation of skeletal sexual dimorphism, including in the size and shape of the scapula. The results of this study are very useful for sex determination in forensic anthropological and medicolegal cases where skull and pelvic bones are unavailable or damaged. The present study has confirmed that gender can be determined with high accuracy by use of scapular measurements. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: The morphology and morphometry of the scapula and its glenoid fossa and acromion process play a significant role in the mechanics of shoulder joint. A variable morphology is found in glenoid fossa that has clinical implications. Aims and Objectives: The aim of the study was to evaluate the morphology and morphometry of dry scapula with emphasis on glenoid fossa and acromion process. Materials and Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted at the department of anatomy, for a period of 6 months from January 2021 to June 2021. A total of 100 unpaired dry scapula were included in the study. The morphology and dimensions were measured. The dimensions were summarized as mean and standard deviation. Statistical analysis was done Chi-square test and student’s t-test based on the variable types. Results: Out of 100 scapulae studied, 48 were right sided and 52 were left sided. The mean of maximum length of the right scapula was 149.58±10.33 mm and the left side was 148.63±10.33 mm. Among the glenoid cavities, 54 were inverted comma shaped, 30 were pear shaped, and 16 were oval shaped. In one right-sided scapula Bony Spur Extends from Base of coracoid process to supra Scapular Notch. Conclusion: Size and shape of the glenoid cavity are directly related to the dislocation of shoulder joint and may affect the results of total shoulder arthroplasty and rotator cuff surgeries. The present study analyzed the morphological types and diameters of the glenoid cavity in adult scapulae to improve the efficacy and minimize the failure rates in shoulder arthroplasty particularly those involving the glenoid component of the shoulder joint. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]