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With the emerging era of E‐commerce and online shopping, people are also in a habit to receive default product recommendations on the web pages that they access. Google is already providing such suggestions. Till now recommendations were made only based on previous sentiments or feedback or ratings, but this research has improved the product recommendation method by including one more parameter for the same. This article represents two parameters for making predictions of product allocation to a new customer. These parameters are ratings given by the existing users for that particular product and the region to which the new customer belongs. Following these parameters, a prediction model and an algorithm, Improved_Collab_Similarity, have been implemented. The dataset has been developed where India as a country along with all its States has been considered for products which are popular for their creation based on regional and ancient skills of the people belonging to that area. Results for the mentioned prediction model have been discussed in this article where generally precision increases with the increase in a number of products but at some points, it does not increase when a smaller number of that product was purchased by the customers. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Graph theory plays a crucial role in the era of computer science, medical science and information technology. The fundamental motivation behind this paper is to present some availability ideas in the m polar interval-valued fuzzy graph (m-PIVFG), which are utilized to portray the interval of the uncertainty of items. What's more, the m-PIVFG graphs are utilized to portray the underlying connection between ideas in which the vertices and edges are of multi-poles and in the form of interval values to feature the uncertainty conditions. The dominating set involves a basic situation in graph analysis. This paper essentially adds to expanding the idea of double domination in the fuzzy graph to the m-PIVFG and getting the related extended ideas of m-PIVFG. In the interim, the ways to get the particular double dominating sets are introduced. At long last, a numeral model on ambulance service on some villages information in India is introduced to clarify the necessity of double domination in m-PIVFG in the particular application. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Context: Conservation approaches focussed within protected areas (PAs) have proved successful for tiger (Panthera tigris) conservation in India, but India's growing tiger population requires a landscape-level approach to ensure protection of both source populations and dispersing individuals. Thus, spatially explicit mapping of corridors to support existing metapopulations and provide opportunities for recolonization (i.e., stepping stones, satellite cores) are essential to guide conservation and management planning. Objective: We aimed to model functional connectivity for dispersal and natural colonization of tigers in Central India, and validate our predictions using movement data of translocated tigers in the region. Methods: We first mapped 28 forest patches in the Greater Panna Landscape (GPL) in Central India. Using a resistance surface, we modelled connectivity with least cost path analysis and circuit theory. Centrality scores and pinch-points were calculated, enabling identification of stepping stones and satellite cores. We validated the predicted corridors through spatial path randomization of independent tiger telemetry data. Results: We identified 67 corridor links, 10 stepping stones and 11 satellite cores. Validation confirmed high prediction accuracy, with empirical dispersal paths having mean connectivity values higher than 70% to 98% of the randomised paths. Conclusion: Functional connectivity assessment in heterogeneous landscapes can benefit from deploying multiple connectivity methods and empirical validation. Our analysis identified corridors, stepping stones and satellite cores that were consistent between multiple connectivity modelling methods and strongly reflected actual observed patterns of tiger dispersal in this landscape. These "consensus" areas provide useful insights for spatial planning for tiger conservation at landscape level. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: In this research, collaboration attributes related to the firm's intrinsic and extrinsic facets at pertinent levels (i.e. enterprise, strategic, operational, and tactical levels) for construction equipment OEMs (original equipment manufacturers) operating in India have been quantified and modeled. Design/methodology/approach: For modeling the intra-firm collaboration at respective organizational levels, relevant attributes have been populated employing literature review followed by subsequent validation from pertinent focus groups. The focus groups comprising professionals working in the construction and mining equipment industry in India aided us in estimating the extent of interdependencies and influences within/amongst collaboration attributes. The collaboration attributes and respective interdependencies/influences are modeled employing the concept of graph theory wherein the individual attributes are represented using vertices and influences/interdependencies are represented using edges. The collaboration indices resulting from the variable permanent matrix have been derived as well. Findings: Scenario and subsequent sensitivity analysis are performed. This research discusses the significance and aspects related to various collaborative attributes and the interrelations amongst them. Further, the research also evolves quantitative measures of collaboration indices at enterprise, strategic, tactical and operational levels by employing a graph-theoretic approach (GTA). The authors have also extricated and discussed a number of meaningful implications from both the perspectives of interorganizational relationships (IORs) and the normative theory of organizations using a cross-case analysis of five firms having operations in India. Originality/value: The research would aid organizations (particularly those belonging to the construction equipment sector) measure the efficacy of collaboration in respective value-chains at strategic, tactical and operational levels. From the theoretical perspective, the integration of the IORs and normative theory of organizations enables looking at the intra-firm collaboration problem from a multi-dimensional standpoint involving activities, performance measures, action initiation, communication, shades of top management, level of activity, etc. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Ghaggar river basin of northern India has been experiencing flash floods many times during the last three decades despite locating in semi-arid/arid regions. Identification of the flood risk zone of a basin is essential where the availability of flood-related data is limited. The present study proposed the graph theory to identify the flood risk zone using spatial database of the digital elevation model, land use and land cover, soil cover, population, rainfall, drainage density, distance from roads, rivers, and flood shelters. Further, the results obtained from graph theory were compared with the results obtained by Analytical Hierarchy Process. It is observed that graph theory can also identify the flood risk zone of a basin precisely with acceptable accuracy. Around 94.1% of the study area is observed to have a high flood risk using Analytical Hierarchy Process, whereas 100% area is observed to have a high flood risk using graph theory. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The linear economy model is being transformed into a circular model to positively impact the environment, society, business, and sustainable development goals. However, emerging economies such as India face many significant roadblocks adapting to a circular model. Therefore, this study attempts first to assess and visualize the roadblocks in circular economy adoption in Indian micro, small, and medium enterprises (MSME) and then identify and evaluate the solutions to overcome these roadblocks. This paper explores 31 critical roadblocks and proposes 14 solutions in the pathway of circular economy through extant literature and expert inputs. Graph theory matrix approach (GTMA) is applied to calculate the comprehensive circular economy roadblock index. This value signifies the intensity of roadblocks taken altogether in an industry under consideration. Furthermore, fuzzy stepwise weight assessment ratio analysis (fuzzy‐SWARA) is used to compute the weights of individual roadblocks. After that, fuzzy‐weighted aggregated sum product assessment (fuzzy‐WASPAS) is used to rank the identified solutions and efficiently implement a circular economy. Finally, the research presents sensitivity analysis and the theoretical and managerial implications of the findings. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The novel coronavirus 2019 (COVID-19) disease is a pandemic which affects thousands of people throughout the world. It has rapidly spread throughout India since the first case in India was reported on 30 January 2020. The official report says that totally 4, 11,773 cases are positive, 2, 28,307 recovered, and the country reported 12,948 deaths as of 21 June 2020. Vaccination is the only way to prevent the spreading of COVID-19 disease. Due to various reasons, there is vaccine hesitancy across many people. Hence, the Indian government has the solution to avoid the spread of the disease by instructing their citizens to maintain social distancing, wearing masks, avoiding crowds, and cleaning your hands. Moreover, lots of poverty cases are reported due to social distancing, and hence, both the center government and the respective state governments decide to issue relief funds to all its citizens. The government is unable to maintain social distancing during the relief schemes as the population is huge and available support staffs are less. In this paper, the proposed algorithm makes use of graph theory to schedule the timing of the relief funds so that with the available support staff, the government would able to implement its relief scheme while maintaining social distancing. Furthermore, we have used LSTM deep learning model to predict the spread rate and analyze the daily positive COVID cases. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

An airport and its region have a mutual interaction. Thus, the airport's performance is crucial for its region. Moreover, airport's performance is influenced by air transport network. The measurement of the quality and capacity of the air transport network is multifaceted. The study assesses an airport's network in terms of its type, accessibility, and connectivity. It focusses on 12 Tier-II Indian cities having medium-hub international airports because of their huge growth potential and under-addressed assessment. Furthermore, it is in coherence with the current policies of boosting regional air connectivity. Specific analyses for Tier-II cities' airports is important as a comparison with the bigger metropolises will be skewed. This exploration puts special emphasis on their relationship with the Tier-I cities as the connectivity of Indian airports is majorly complementary than competitive. Measures used for assessment are concentration indices, graph theory-based connectivity and accessibility indices (shortest path length and quickest time length), and partial accessibility indicators (daily accessibility, potential indicator, location indicator, and network efficiency). Modifications and synthesis of partial indicators are also attempted. Annual data sets for the financial year 2017–18 and real-time data from 25–July 31, 2018 are used, and the analysis was carried out from April–August 2018. The study identifies future potential (hubs/feeders) among the Tier-II cities' airports and proposes to align policies accordingly. The results illustrate the need for more strong hubs in northern India and reveal the potential of Amritsar, Calicut, and Trichy of becoming future regional hubs. • Identifies feeder airports and future hubs among Tier-II Indian cities. • Assesses the relationship between Tier-I and Tier-II Indian cities' airports. • Suggests creating newer hubs in northern India to distribute the critical mass. • Helps in prioritizing routes to strengthen regional airports under RCS scheme. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The primary aim of the study aims to provide a solution for scheduling examinations for most of the universities and colleges across India which follow the Choice Based Credit System (CBCS) using a graph coloring algorithm. Nowadays, due to the flexibility of opting various subjects, and many students taking up different courses in their colleges and universities, it becomes difficult to schedule these examinations. Creating an examination schedule can be quite challenging and time-consuming for controlling the body of an examination. Our research work focuses on reducing the efforts for scheduling such examinations. With the knowledge of graph theory and graph traversing and coloring algorithms, our algorithm with the help of a few assumptions gives an efficient solution to the examination scheduling problem. A detailed correctness proof along with performance analysis has been done. The efficiency of our proposed algorithm is then compared to that of the coloring algorithm using backtracking. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Elevated rates of anthropogenic impacts on land‐use regimes have pushed terrestrial megafauna to the brink of extinction. Consequently, it is critical to adopt conservation approaches that safeguard individual populations while retaining connectivity among these populations. Conserving spatially structured populations of imperiled species at large scales is often complex; and the past decades have therefore seen a rise in spatial conservation prioritization exercises aimed at shaping landscape‐scale conservation programmes.We present a framework for informing nationwide connectivity conservation, linking ecological and administrative scales, to maximize relevance for management. We assessed connectivity of the endangered dhole Cuon alpinus among 155 potential source populations across India using a data‐driven approach combined with graph and circuit theory. We used clustering algorithms to identify ecologically meaningful conservation landscapes; within each landscape, we identified priority source populations based on their connectedness and quantified pixel‐specific habitat accessibility. We superimposed administrative boundaries on our findings to provide conservation recommendations at this management‐relevant scale.We first mapped potential dhole movement across India. Dhole populations fell within three primary clusters—Western and Eastern Ghats (WEG), Central Indian Landscape (CIL) and North‐East India (NEI)—of which NEI had the highest forest cover, most diffuse connectivity and lowest human density, while WEG had the highest protected area coverage and overall connectedness. Within each conservation landscape, we evaluated the relative importance of Protected Areas and accessibility to high‐quality patches. Parts of the Eastern Ghats had low habitat accessibility, yet high potential for dhole landscape connectivity. In 114 identified administrative units of priority for habitat restoration, we highlight those with low accessibility, that is, areas where restoration needs to be spatially targeted for maximum benefits.Synthesis and applications. We make recommendations for spatially informed habitat restoration to enhance dhole connectivity in India, highlighting the importance of improving matrix permeability where dhole movement is currently restricted. More broadly, the framework we present is useful across species and management contexts, as it combines spatial and administrative scales to make ecologically informed assessments of high relevance to management. Synergistically integrating species ecology, threats and administrative considerations in connectivity conservation plans can enhance success of species conservation programmes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The concept of domination is one of the most significant topics in graph theory to handle unpredictable phenomena. In this study, an unprecedented idea of domination is introduced in m-polar interval-valued fuzzy graph (m-PIVFG). Domination number (DN), isolated vertex, total dominating set, independent set of domination on m-PIVFG are discussed. Some algebraic properties of domination on m-PIVFG are investigated. Weak domination, strong domination, split and non-split domination, cototal and global dominating sets on m-PIVFG are investigated with some fundamental hypotheses and models. We explore the concept of domination in m-PIVFG by solving a case study of locating new facilities to handle a catastrophe reaction activity due to the "COVID-19 pandemic" in West Bengal, India. Ultimately, conclusions and avenues of future scopes are placed at the end of this study. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

R.B. Gnanajothi (Topics in Graph Theory, Ph.D. Thesis, Madurai Kamaraj University, Madurai, Tamil Nadu, India, 1991) introduced odd graceful labeling. A function f is called an odd graceful labeling of a graph G if f : V (G) → {0, 1, 2, ..., 2q - 1} is injective and the induced function f*: E(G) → {1, 3, ..., 2q - 1} defined as f*(e = uv) = |f(u)-f(v)| is bijective. A graph which admits an odd graceful labeling is called an odd graceful graph. Many results exist on odd graceful labeling. The concept of odd graceful labeling is implemented in the areas of coding theory. In this paper we prove that the jewel graph J*n and the extended jewel graph EJ*n,m without the prime edge is odd graceful. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Nowadays highly-skilled attackers can find the vulnerabilities of many networked applications. Meanwhile, the risk of a data breach increases dramatically as a software or application vulnerability always remains without a patch. By exploiting such vulnerability (called zero-day), hackers gain entry to the target network and can steal sensitive data. It is challenging to detect zero-day with traditional defenses because signature information in zero-day attacks is unknown. Consequently, a novel security solution is required that will discover zero-day attacks and estimate the severity of identified zero-day vulnerability. In this paper, we propose a framework that constitutes an integrated approach for detection and prioritization (based on likelihood) of zero-day attacks. The proposed framework follows a probabilistic approach for identification of the zero-day attack path and further to rank the severity of identified zero-day vulnerability. It is a hybrid detection-based technique that detects unknown flaws present in the network that are not detected yet. To evaluate the performance of the proposed framework, we adopted it in the network environment of Vikram university campus, India. The framework is very promising as experimental results showed detection rate of 96% for zero-day attacks with 0.3% false positive rate. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract Wildlife habitat corridors are components of landscapes, which facilitate the movement of organisms and processes between areas of intact habitat, and thus provide landscape corridor as well as serve as an ideal component to study and understand physiological ecology. Corridors are thus regions within a given landscape that generally comprise native vegetation, and connect otherwise fragmented, disconnected, non-contiguous wildlife habitat patches in the landscape. The purpose of designing corridors as a conservation strategy is primarily to counter, and to the extent possible, mitigate the impacts of habitat fragmentation and loss on the biodiversity of the landscape, as well as support continuance of land use for essential local and global economic activities in the region of reference. In this paper, we use game theory and graph theory to model and design a wildlife corridor in the Central India – Eastern Ghats landscape complex, with tiger (Panthera tigris tigris) as the focal species. We construct a graph using the habitat patches supporting wild tiger populations in the landscape complex as vertices and the possible paths between these vertices as edges. A cost matrix is constructed to indicate the cost incurred by the tiger for passage between the habitat patches in the landscape (based on Shelford's Law of Tolerance), by modelling a two-person Prisoner's Dilemma game. A minimum spanning tree is then obtained by employing Kruskal's algorithm, which would suggest a feasible tiger corridor network for the tiger population within the landscape complex. Additionally, analysis of the graph is done using various centrality measures, in order to identify and focus on potentially important habitat patches, and their potential community structure. Correlation analysis is performed on the centrality indices to draw out interesting trends in the network. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Due to non-stationary nature of Indian summer monsoon rainfall (ISMR), analysis of its patterns and behaviors is a very tedious task. Advance prediction and behaviors play a significant role in various domains. Literature review reveals that researchers’ works are limited to design predictive models but not on inherited patterns and behaviors for the ISMR. In this study, a novel method based on the hybridization of two computational techniques, viz., fuzzy and rough sets is proposed for patterns and behaviors. The proposed method initially classifies the information into the four distinct regions, as fuzzy positive region, fuzzy negative region, completely fuzzy region, and gray fuzzy region. Based on four regions, four different patterns of decision rules are explored. Further, a method is discussed to represent such decision rules in terms of graph, which helps to analyze the patterns of ISMR by discovering new knowledge. The proposed method is validated by performing various statistical analyses. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

India is well known in the world for its contribution to the ancient Mathematics and even people agree in different parts of the world that India has done very well in the areas of pure mathematics during contemporary time through the work of researchers at the Tata Institute of Fundamental Research at Bombay and large number of universities in different parts of the country. It is true that in contemporary time most of the educational centers of higher education in India mainly focus on pure form of mathematics, Definition, Existence and uniqueness theorems, Lemma and corollaries. Mainly problems are direct/well posed (solution exists which is unique and stable). Illustration of mathematical problems with physical phenomena or processes and interpretation of solution and its visualisation or formulation of physical phenomena in appropriate mathematical concepts are not emphasized in the teaching of pure or applied mathematics. For a long time people in this part of the world thought Mechanics and Relativity Theory are only Applied Mathematics. Fourier analysis, in particular, and Harmonic Analysis in general, Applied Functional Analysis, Numerical Analysis were not considered as part of Applied Mathematics till 80s. Till early 60s only classical mathematics like special function, sequence and series, mechanics, geometry were taught in most of the educational institutions. Modern Algebra, Topology, Measure Theory, Functional Analysis, Approximation Theory Harmonic Analysis, Probability Theory, Mathematical statistics, Graph Theory, Differentiable Manifold, Complex Analysis and their applications to real-world problems have became popular in India due to various steps taken by Indian Government on the initiative of a group of talented Indians since the beginning of sixties. In this paper, the emergence of Applied and Industrial Mathematics in India will be discussed. It is also interesting to note that many significant applications of mathematics to solve real-world problems have been carried out by engineers and scientists. It is also heartening to observe that some Indians received very prestigious awards for applying mathematics in their work such as Nobel laureate Subrahmanyan Chandrasekhar (He was Ph.D. supervisor of late Prof. S.K. Trehan a distinguished Indian Applied Mathematician and I had privilege to host him at my residence in the early 90s), Prof. Srinivasan S.R. Varadhan, Abel Prize winner and recipient of US National Medal of Science (widely considered the panache of scientific achievement), Prof. C.R. Rao (FRS) recipient of US National Medal of Science and Prof. Thomas Kailath recipient of US National Medal of Science, Prof. K.R. Sreenivasan, a member of the National Academy of Sciences, and National Academy of Engineering and a fellow of the American Academy of Science and Arts and former Director ICTP. The article is divided into three parts. First part is devoted to the development of Applied Mathematics prior to 1960, the second part deals with development of the Industrial and Applied Mathematics between 1960 and 1990 (1990 is the year of establishment of the Indian Society of Industrial and Applied Mathematics). The third part contains status of Industrial and Applied Mathematics in different parts of India during 1990-2015, giving the details how emerging areas have spread. We conclude the article by presenting an assessment of what has been achieved till now and what is to be achieved infuture. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose – The paper aims to discuss current Technical Education scenarios in India. It proposes modelling the factors affecting quality in a technical institute and then applying a suitable technique for assessment, comparison and ranking. Design/methodology/approach – The paper chose graph theoretic approach for quantification of quality-enabled model. Further, the paper has validated the approach by taking examples of institutions and applying the methodology. Findings – The paper provides a systematic methodology to build a quality model for quantification of various factors in a technical institute. The qualitative effect represented in form of a single numerical index is a novel method for such representations. The illustrated methodology in the paper is equally useful for comparison and ranking of a set of institutes. Research limitations/implications – Because of the chosen factors in the approach, the methodology may not be equally suitable based on type and size of institute and the geographical location. Practical implications – The paper includes demonstration on application of methodology for comparing the quality in a quantitative manner. The dynamic model allows changing factors and/or their effects as per requirement. Social implications – In future, the methodology can be taken up by government/regulatory bodies and can convey the comparisons of institutions to stakeholders including students and parents. Originality/value – This paper attempts to develop a novel method for comparing quality that can be used by accreditation bodies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this study we focus on basic structural and temporal characteristics of a network formed by linking movie actors in accordance with their co-occurrences with other fellow movie actors. In an actor network, the actors are represented as nodes and a link is formed between a pair of actor if they appear in the same movie. Each link is assigned a weight, representing the number of co-occurrences of the pair in different movies. A statistical analysis of the structure of networks reveals the organizing pattern of movie actors and temporal analysis of networks shows the evolution of the movie actors and industry on a whole. In this study we compare the national and regional movie industry in India along selected weighted network measures. The data set contains movies (from 1980 to 2013) encompassing three movie industries, namely Bollywood (national), Tamil and Malayalam (regional). We observe strong agreement between the three movie industries for degree distribution, strength distribution, average weight as a function of degree, and weighted clustering coefficient as a function of degree. The aforementioned observance does not deviate in temporal scale. However we observe a key difference in affinity measure between national and regional movie industries suggesting more acceptance of new actors in case of regional movie industry. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract: Landscape level forest connectivity regulates species level biodiversity, wildlife movement, seed dispersal and ecological factors. Geospatial assessment of forest connectivity at the landscape level is realized as one of the important frameworks to prioritize the biodiversity conservation strategies. The paper presents an approach to identify the optimal threshold distance and set of forest patches (component) using graph theory to propose potential connectivity alternatives over fragmented tropical deciduous forest tracts in parts of Eastern Ghats of India. The study analyzed 598 forest patches (derived from remote sensing data) constituting an area of 3502.87km2 which is distributed over 10,807km2. Optimal threshold distance and components were derived using graph theory based connectivity indices namely, Integral Index of Connectivity importance value (dIIC), Landscape Coincidence Probability importance value (dLCP) and also addressing patch size, number, inter distance and relative importance of each patch in the totality of the landscape. The study identified a total of 191 components at an optimal threshold distance of 250m for potential connectivity. A component consisting of 145 patches of which 5 patches having high relative importance value within the component were identified for prioritizing the connectivity efforts. Further analysis on the three fractions of dIIC (dIICintra, dIICflux and dIICconnector) justified the importance of individual patches for connectivity. Proposed connectivity could enhance the forest habitat network through these potential patches. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

The supply chain of perishables, often referred to as a ‘Cold Chain’, can be considered to be a series of equipments and processes, used to protect perishables, starting from source until consumption. Cold chain data, which have so far been underutilised, could be used to better measure performance of the cold chain. The purpose of this article is to identify the key performance attributes (KPA) and key decision factors (KDF) to evaluate cold chain performance and then implement continuous improvement. An additional aim of this article is to propose a framework for cold chain performance evaluation and improvement using a novel consistent measurement scale (CMS). The identification of KPA and KDF, and the development of CMS are based on actual scenarios of the cold chain in one of the emerging economies, namely the Indian market. A twin-graph theory (TGT) based methodology has been developed for supporting the cold chain performance and improvement framework. The proposed framework, along with the sensitivity analysis, could facilitate decision makers to quantify the performance index as well as understand the complex relationships among relevant cold chain attributes. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]

Under the scheme of National Rural Employment Guarantee Scheme (NREGS), all those who are willing to work at the minimum wage are offered work for a minimum period of 100 days. Those seeking employment are to report in those rural areas where the employment programmed is being launched. Through the scheme Government wishes to construct transportation network connecting all the villages which are of lack of easy accessibility. The paper tries to determine the road network of minimal cost of villages. The paper aim at explaining concept of graph which may be utilized to define relations between different situations and to find optimal solutions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The great challenge for the Government and private technical Institutions in India is to impart quality education to generate industry competent professionals. In last ten years, a number of educational institutions came into existence. If we analyze the net outcome, we find - (i) Passing out students are semi-trained (ii) Institutes are facing acute shortage of experienced faculty (iii) Employees turnover rate is alarmingly high in these institutions. (iv) The prevailing situation is chronic and it is very much possible that institutions which were born in geometric progression may vanish at much faster rate. Now, a time has come to examine the strategies and tactics with the intention of efficient allocation of scare resources to strengthen educational sector in India. In this competitive world of advanced technology where the changes and development run together, enough infrastructures has been developed in the sector and the private sector is ever willing to inject much more. The paper investigates an efficient and effective mechanism to identify resources and their allocation through graph for rigid quality assurance in Educational Sector [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Gives an overview on the characterization of Louis Dumont's controversial and ambiguous concept of hierarchical opposition by using the graph theoretic model of a twin binary system. Two types of opposition contrasted by Dumont; Composition of the binary tree; Importance of analysis for Austronesianists.

The significance of sustainability is continually expanding among researchers, policymakers, and decision makers. To improve the efficiency of value chain activities such as manufacturing, distribution, and consumption, an innovative research solution has been proposed: 'Sustainable Consumption and Production (SCP) through Information and Communication Technology (ICT)'. Sustainability through ICT is significant for the industry in terms of its sustainable effects on production processes, environment, and community. This research seeks to gauge ICT—as knowledge management—for industries in the successful adoption and execution of SCP. In so doing, potential key ICT-based factors to SCP are identified from the literature and experts' feedback. The present work suggests a decision framework for assessing the interrelationships among and between the ICT oriented factors by utilizing graph theory and matrix approach. Data for this work derives from three automotive companies operating in India. From findings, 'Governance and Management', is the topmost factor for the adoption of sustainable consumption and production in value chains. The relationship among the index values is further evaluated using Spearman's rank correlation coefficient. This research can facilitate practitioners, government agencies, and customers for a better understanding of ICT-driven factors in managing resources, reducing waste, and improving cost, which would further help in meeting sustainable development goals of the United Nations of responsible consumption and production and innovation, industry, and infrastructure. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]