1. Haemato-biochemical and immuno-pathophysiological effects of chronic toxicity with synthetic pyrethroid, organophosphate and chlorinated pesticides in broiler chicks.
- Author
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Garg UK, Pal AK, Jha GJ, and Jadhao SB
- Subjects
- Animals, B-Lymphocytes drug effects, B-Lymphocytes immunology, Body Weight drug effects, Dinitrofluorobenzene toxicity, Drug Hypersensitivity immunology, Endosulfan toxicity, Graft vs Host Reaction drug effects, Graft vs Host Reaction immunology, Immune System drug effects, Immune System immunology, India, Insecticides blood, Insecticides immunology, Lymphoid Tissue drug effects, Lymphoid Tissue immunology, Lymphoid Tissue ultrastructure, Macrophages drug effects, Macrophages immunology, Nitriles blood, Nitriles chemistry, Nitriles immunology, Nitroblue Tetrazolium pharmacology, Organ Size drug effects, Organophosphates chemistry, Organophosphates immunology, Polychlorinated Biphenyls blood, Polychlorinated Biphenyls chemistry, Polychlorinated Biphenyls immunology, Poultry anatomy & histology, Poultry immunology, Pyrethrins blood, Pyrethrins chemical synthesis, Pyrethrins chemistry, Pyrethrins immunology, Skin drug effects, Skin immunology, T-Lymphocytes drug effects, T-Lymphocytes immunology, Immune System physiopathology, Insecticides toxicity, Organophosphates toxicity, Poultry blood, Pyrethrins toxicity, Toxicity Tests, Chronic methods
- Abstract
Haemato- biochemical and immuno-pathophysiological changes following feeding of broiler chicks with 20 ppm fenvalerate (synthetic pyrethroid, SP), 2 ppm monocrotophos (organophosphate, OP) and 2 ppm endosulfan (chlorinated hydrocarbon, CH) were studied. Four groups of broiler birds (30 each) were fed poultry mash without (control) or mixed with pesticides for 8 weeks. Blood glucose, serum globulin and acetyl cholinesterase (AChE) activity level were decreased (P<0.01) in all treated groups compared to control, but not the serum albumin and BUN. The total ATPase activity was enhanced (P<0.01) in fenvalerate and monocrotophos than birds in control group. Body weight, total erythrocyte count, packed cell volume, haemoglobin, eosinophil and monocyte count did not show any changes. Total leucocytes and T-lymphocyte count was lower (P<0.01) in all treated groups as compared to control group. B-cell count (P<0.01), mean 2-4-dinitrofluorobenzene (DNFB) dermal sensitivity score and splenic indices from graft vs. host reaction (P<0.05) were decreased in fenvalarate and endosulfan but the values for monocrotophos were intermediate between control and other treated groups. Pesticide intoxication reduced nitroblue tetrazolium (NBT) positive cells (active splenic macrophages) (P<0.05) and spleen weight (P<0.01). Whereas bursal weight was reduced only with endosulfan, thymic weight was reduced on endosulfan and fenvalerate-treated feed. Microscopic examination of these organs further revealed atrophy/hypoplasia, decrease in the size of follicles with depletion of lymphocytes and haemorrhages in thymus. The study concludes that the chronic exposure of chicks to small amount of SP, OP and CH pesticide leads to deleterious effects on metabolism and immune system of birds.
- Published
- 2004
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