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This paper examines the outcomes of Internet domain name dispute arbitrations in India through a quantitative analysis of all domain name arbitrations (N = 1147) involving the Indian country code top‐level domain from 2006 to 2019. Specifically, we investigate whether the nationalities and corporate/individual identities of the complainants and respondents affect the outcome of the arbitrations. The most common type of dispute during this period is an international entity petitioning against another international entity (46%). In sum, the domain name arbitrations under INDRP are dominated by international and organizational complainants, but there is more variation among respondents' profiles in terms of nationality and identity. Our analysis suggests that the INDRP process, in the 14 years examined, tends to generate outcomes that favor corporations. Although the complainants almost always won, corporate respondents, compared to their individual counterparts, are more likely to retain the disputed domain names. Also, cases, where a respondent contested a complaint, had a higher probability of rulings in favor of respondents, compared to cases where the respondent filed no response. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The present article explores the changing potentials of women in India through the characters in Tamarind Mem by Anita Rau Badami. Badami slots the novel into two fragments: the first part narrated by Kamini, the daughter of Saroja, and the second by Saroja herself. Through the main protagonists, Saroja and Kamini, Badami envisions the psychological gap between the two generations; and presents how the society subdues the inner conflicts they live in. Saroja camouflaged herself as a traditional wife and stood as the epitome of an ideal woman who encourages her children towards accomplishing their aspirations. After Dadda's death, Kamini and Roopa, her children immigrated to Canada. Kamini lives an independent life but is imprisoned in her memories, whereas Roopa marries and leads her own life. Saroja, who is always immersed in memories, plans to travel and visit places freely. The novel seeks to disclose the misunderstanding that generally occurs between the older and the younger generations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Context: Lung transplantation (LT) is now being performed for end-stage lung and heart-lung disease in a few centers in India. Experience in multidetector computed tomography (MDCT) evaluation of posttransplant complications is currently limited and evolving. Aims: This study analyses the early experience in our center regarding the imaging features of complications following LT with clinical outcome correlation and identify the role of MDCT. Methodology: A retrospective study of patients who underwent LT and had MDCT imaging from January 2017 to March 2019 was performed. There were 22 patients in this period whose clinical course and CT scans were studied. Results: The complications encountered include pleural effusions, atelectasis, bronchostenosis, and reperfusion injury. Rare complications included pulmonary thromboembolism and rejection. The accuracy of computed tomography (CT) imaging in airway evaluation was high but was limited in characterization of consolidation as either infective or noninfective. Conclusions: CT is the noninvasive imaging modality of choice in evaluating chronic rejection, airway complications such as bronchostenosis and pulmonary thromboembolism. Clinical, laboratory, and biopsy correlation are needed to diagnose infection or acute rejection, both of which can present with consolidation. Temporal evaluation of events is critical. Familiarity and awareness by the radiologist are crucial for good clinical outcome. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Traditionally, attitudes towards remarriage in India have been characterised by scepticism and suspicion, especially in the case of women. Online remarriage sites promised to open up new possibilities for Indians seeking remarriage. A study of self-presentation strategies adopted by men and women in their online profiles posted on a popular remarriage site shows that while the new technology may have made it easier for divorced and widowed individuals to search for partners, profiles presented emphasise caste and community affiliations, and reinforce gendered roles and expectations. Those seeking remarriage, especially women, engaged in substantial efforts to allay fears and concerns associated with divorce and remarriage in India by adhering to normative standards characteristic of a deeply patriarchal society. While many profiles of men highlighted a sense of male entitlement and privilege, an account of the circumstances of divorce was missing from the profiles of both men and women even as the Indian family as a site of harmony and respectability was emphasised by both. Furthermore, while men made consumerist promises in their statements, women used their online profiles to express their consumerist dreams, simultaneously adhering to gendered expectations. Finally, both men and women engaged in selective self-presentation emphasising socially desirable traits such as a light skin tone or a desirable body type in a neoliberal context marked by consumerist modernity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: Psoriasis is estimated to affect 0.44–2.8% of the Indian population. Moisturizers are a key adjuvant psoriasis treatment strategy, but data regarding their effectiveness, safety and compliance pattern in an Indian context are lacking. Hence, this real-world study on an intensive plant-based butter moisturizing cream (Venusia ® Max) was conducted among Indian patients with psoriasis. Methods: This was an observational, patient-reported outcomes (PRO) study in patients with psoriasis aged 18–75 years who were prescribed the cream in routine clinical practice, as per clinician's discretion, over 4 weeks. The primary outcome measure was improvement from baseline in quality of life assessed using the Dermatology Quality of Life Index (DLQI) at 4 weeks of the study period. The secondary outcome measures were improvement in dryness using the Dry Skin/Ichthyosis Area and Severity Index (DASI) score at 4 weeks, safety and compliance. The DLQI and DASI scores were recorded by the clinicians at baseline and after 2 (optional) and 4 weeks of starting the cream. Safety was assessed throughout the study. Results: The study included 400 patients from 9 outpatient dermatology centers across India. Of 400 patients, 384 completed the study. A significant reduction in both the mean DLQI score (66.7%; p < 0.001) and mean DASI score (84.6%; p < 0.001) was observed at week 4 after starting the cream vs. baseline in the overall population. Overall, the cream showed a good safety and compliance profile during the study period. There were no serious adverse events or deaths. Conclusions: The evidence from the PRO study suggests that use of the intensive plant-based butter moisturizing cream in a real-world scenario has a noticeable impact on improving the quality of life and reducing the skin dryness associated with psoriasis over 4 weeks. The moisturizing cream may serve as a valuable adjuvant treatment option for the management of psoriasis. Trial Registration Number: CTRI/2017/03/008023. Funding: Dr. Reddy's Laboratories Ltd. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: Although hydroxyzine is widely used for symptom relief in pruritus, its clinical safety and efficacy data in the Indian setting are scarce. We conducted a study to assess the effectiveness and tolerability of hydroxyzine in the management of Indian patients with chronic pruritus in a real-world setting. Methods: This was a prospective, observational, patient-reported outcomes (PRO) study in patients with chronic pruritus due to dermatological causes treated with hydroxyzine as per the clinician's discretion for a period of up to 12 weeks. The primary outcome was improvement in quality of life from baseline, assessed using the 10-point Dermatology Quality of Life Index (DLQI) at week 12 of the study period. Secondary outcomes were improvement in the pruritus scores (5-D itch scale) at 12 weeks, improvements in the DLQI and 5-D itch scores at 2, 4 and 8 weeks and safety. Results: The study included 400 patients (179 males, 221 females) from 7 dermatology centres across India. Of the 400 patients recruited, 391 patients completed at least 2 weeks of treatment. There was significant (p < 0.0001) improvement from baseline in the DLQI scores and 5-D itch scores at 2, 4, 8 and 12 weeks; 189/391 (48.34%) patients had symptom relief leading to early termination. Overall, the treatment was well tolerated with a total of 11 mild-to-moderate adverse events reported during the study, which included dizziness, constipation, drowsiness, dry mouth and sedation. All events resolved without any intervention. There were no serious adverse events. Conclusion: This real-world, observational, PRO study demonstrates that hydroxyzine significantly improves symptoms of pruritus and quality of life in patients with chronic pruritus due to dermatological causes over 12 weeks. Despite the sedating potential of the drug, hydroxyzine is well tolerated in real-world settings. Trial Registration: CTRI/2017/06/008847. Funding: Dr. Reddy's Laboratories. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

BACKGROUND: Rapid turnaround time of blood culture reports should be the main motive for a clinical microbiologist for optimal patient care. Categorical agreement (CA) between direct disk diffusion (dDD) and reference disk diffusion (rDD) may vary between laboratories. AIMS AND OBJECTIVES: This study was designed to determine the CA and understand various types of errors associated with antibiotic organism combination, so that caution can be derived while interpreting and reporting dDD results in the earliest meaningful time frame. MATERIALS AND METHODS: In the present study, dDD results were compared to the rDD results from the positive blood culture bottles. CA and various types of errors were evaluated. RESULTS: A total of 965 pathogens and 7106 organism antibiotic combinations were evaluated in this study. Overall, there was a CA of 96% which was extremely satisfactory. The categorical disagreement was found only in 4% of organism antibiotic combinations; majority of which were major error (ME, 2.1%) followed by very ME (1%) and minor error (0.9%). The errors were marginally high for Enterobacteriaceae testing against ß lactam- ß lactamase inhibitor combinations, for Pseudomonas species against aminoglycosides and ciprofloxacin and Staphylococcus species against cefoxitin, one should be vigilant while reporting dDD result of these antibiotic organism combinations. CONCLUSION: dDD is of paramount importance for early institution of targeted therapy and is considered as one of the key stewardship intervention. Our study gives an insight that every laboratory must perform dDD for positively flagged blood culture specimens; the result of which should be confirmed later by performing rDD. One should be vigilant while reporting dDD result of BL BLI for Enterobacteriaceae; aminoglycosides and CF for Pseudomonas species; cefoxitin for Staphylococcus species and HLG for Enterococcus species. Supplementary tests such as MRSA latex should be included when necessary. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Construction industry is the second largest employment giving industry in India with many semi-skilled or unskilled workers taking up the occupation for livelihood without any training and proper guidance. Aim: To evaluate the pathogenic association of cement exposure to occupational contact dermatoses as evidenced by immune markers and to correlate their pulmonary functions with years of exposure to cement. Setting and Design: This was a cross-sectional study conducted among randomly selected cement workers. Methods and material: Evaluation of socioeconomic status (SES) and years of exposure of cement workers was done using a questionnaire. Clinical examination of skin lesions and strip patch test with application of potassium dichromate on unexposed skin was performed. Results were interpreted after 48 hours. Absolute eosinophil count (AEC) and IgE levels measured, and spirometric evaluation was performed. Statistical Analysis: Analysis of variance and Pearson's correlation test were used for data analysis. P< 0.05 was considered to be statistically significant. Results: Clinically, skin lesions were noticed in 51%, elevated AEC in 47%, and raised Anti IgE in 73%. Two participants developed positive reactions to the skin strip patch test. Duration of exposure to cement and SES were compared with clinical skin lesions. Spirometry result was normal in 81%, obstruction in 8%, restriction in 10%, and mixed pattern in 1%. Forced expiratory volume at 1.0 second, forced expiratory flow (25-75%), and (PEFR) Peak Expiratory Flow Rate were markedly reduced with years of exposure. Workers who had greater skin lesions and with increase in exposure had increased AEC and IgE levels, although statistically not significant. Conclusions: Exposure to cement and poor SES is strongly correlated to increased prevalence of skin lesions and reduced pulmonary functions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This comparative case study investigates the contrasting approaches to telecommunications standard-setting adopted by two developing countries, China and India, using the 3G standard as a case study. Despite facing comparable opportunities in the form of fast-growing markets, and comparable challenges in terms of meeting consumer demand and fostering industrial development, the two countries adopted sharply different standards strategies, with China investing heavily in its home-grown Time Division Synchronous Code Division Multiple Access standard, and India allowing operators to choose any international standard. In this paper, we trace the antecedents of this divergence to the different policy approaches that the two countries adopted to their respective electronics industries in the early to mid-1990s. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract: This paper examines the contrast between China's and India's universal service policies as manifestations of the two states' differing self-conceptualizations and legitimation strategies. We examine the timeline of universal service policies in the two countries, differentiating between the territorial, demographic and layered dimensions of universal service. The analysis reveals many similarities between the two countries, as well as some differences primarily related to the mode of funding universal service programs and the lead China has taken in deploying informatization services. We identify some of the proximate causes that resulted in these policy decisions. But in addition, we also examine how universal service policies are related to contrasting models of state legitimation. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

This study examines the self presentation practices of Indian Muslim men and women in online matrimonial advertisements. Findings indicate that while Indian Muslims are using the new medium to adhere to traditional cultural and religious values, they are also making critical adjustments to adapt to the medium itself. While Muslim men and women claimed to possess different attributes in their profiles drawing upon gender role expectations in Indian society, they were identical in their preference for light skin or what is termed as ‘fair complexion’ in Indian English. An overwhelming majority of advertisers claimed to possess desirable skin tones and body types. Few Indian Muslim profiles highlighted external manifestations of religiosity, such as praying five times a day, wearing ahijaborburqa, and observing Ramadan. Further, results of this study also illuminate the influence of South Asian culture on Islamic practice, which is evident in the mention of caste identifications in the online matrimonial profiles. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract: This paper is a comparative analysis of the telecommunications policy-making process in China and India. Adopting an institutionalist perspective and multi-streams framework, the paper analyzes the formal structures, rule-making procedures and interest groups involved in telecommunications policy-making in the two countries, in terms of their evolution over the last two decades. Though the two systems began this period with a somewhat similar ministerial-bureaucratic decision-making model, and faced similar problems of assimilating new interest groups and responding to international pressures, the paper finds that the decision systems in the two countries evolved in significantly different directions. China''s telecommunications decision-making is significantly affected by the macro level political rearrangement and is more likely to be non-incremental. On the other hand, confronted by an increasingly litigious environment and a more fractious interest group culture, India represents a somewhat classical textbook case of incremental policy making. Nevertheless, numerous challenges remain in both countries, including institutional capacity and excessive regulatory deference to political authority. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

In 2002, a new law was passed in India requiring the introduction of a nationwide conditional access system (CAS) (addressable cable), but administrative problems and court challenges delayed its implementation until 2007 and limited it to some localities in the four largest cities. At a substantive level, the outcome is in accord with incrementalist theories of policymaking that argue that radical policy changes mobilize opposition and fail in implementation. This article argues, however, that at a procedural level, the CAS controversy catalyzed a radical change in the telecommunications policymaking process, lending support to theories such as punctuated equilibrium, which acknowledge the possibility of radical change. In conclusion, lessons for telecommunications policymaking in India and other developing countries are put forward. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: No controlled data is available till date comparing topical tazarotene and clobetasol in Indian psoriatic patients. Objective: The aim was to compare the clinical efficacy of 12 weeks of once-daily tazarotene 0.1% cream with that of once-daily clobetasol propionate 0.05% cream in the treatment of patients with chronic plaque psoriasis. Methods: About 36 patients with bilaterally symmetrical lesions were enrolled in this double-blind randomized controlled study. A left-right randomized study was conducted. Results: Clobetasol cream was better than tazarotene cream in reducing the erythema throughout the treatment period with statistically significant differences favoring clobetasol at weeks 2, 4, 6 and 8 (P<0.05). Tazarotene was better in reducing the induration at weeks 2 (P<0.05), 4, 10 and 12. Clobetasol cream was better in reducing the scaling throughout the treatment period with statistically significant differences favoring clobetasol over the entire treatment period. Treatment success rate was 100% with clobetasol and 88% with tazarotene at the end of week 12 with clobetasol achieving 100% success rate at the end of week 6. Treatment with tazarotene resulted in uniform reduction of plaque elevation and was not associated with the development of hot spots. Conclusion: Topical tazarotene 0.1% cream is less effective than topical clobetasol propionate 0.05% cream in the treatment of plaque psoriasis. It has more effect on induration than on erythema and scaling of psoriatic lesions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

To study the incidence of pure neuritic leprosy among patients attending Leprosy clinic in Department of DVL, SBMCH. Pure neuritichas been recognized as a distinct sub group of leprosy, by Indian Association of Leprologists. It constitutes a good percentage of leprosy cases reported from India, which contributes to more than half of global leprosy numbers. Unfortunately, a large number of these patients present with Grade 2 disability at the time of initial reporting itself due to the early nerve involvement and late recognition of symptoms. By definition, a diagnosis of pure neuritic leprosy is made when, skin lesions are absent, presence of nerve thickening and anesthesia along the distribution of the affected nerve, deformity and/or trophic changes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Dapsone is a parent sulfone drug. It was synthesized by Fromm and Whitmann in 1908. Robert Cochrane introduced dapsone for the treatment of Hansen’s disease in India. Dapsone is used for variety of dermatological conditions other than Hansens’s disease. Dapsone syndrome is a hypersensitivity reaction first described by Lowe and Smith in 1949. The name dapsone syndrome was given by Allday and Barnes in 1951. :Dapsone along with anticonvulsants, allopurinol, sulfonamides, minocycline and NSAIDs are commonly associated drugs for drug induced hypersensitivity. Dapsone syndrome has also been reported in psoriasis, lichen planus, acne vulgaris and erythema elevatum diutinum and dermatitis herpetifromis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Hallermann-Streiff syndrome (HSS) is a rare disorder characterized by dyscephalia, with facial and dental abnormalities. We report a 12-year-old female child who presented with abnormal facial features, dental abnormalities and sparse scalp hair. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article describes the case of obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) in a 37-year-old male in Tamil Nadu, India. The patient had a history of a recurrent intrusive idea that he has been bitten by a snake. He started chewing the leaves of a plant called periyanangai whenever he had the recurrent thought.

The article focuses on the management of the skin disease acne in India. It mentions that new guidelines for the management of the disease has been formulated by the dermatological association, Indian Acne Alliance (IAA), founded in 2005 in India. It discusses the need for the development of the guidelines and states that they have been formulated to help achieve rationalization, improvement in outcomes, and more uniform therapeutic approaches.

The number of energy users in the world is growing more significant and more prominent in the current scenario for the automotive sector. About 70% of India's energy depends heavily on non-renewable fossil fuels. The cost and demand for the fuel are incredibly high. Over and above these reasons, environmental pollution is causing great concern. Consequently, many of the present researchers are focusing on finding a renewable fuel that can become an alternative for fossil fuel that is fast depleting. Biodiesels have drawn much attention from the research community because of their natural characteristics and chemical composition. In this manuscript, we have reported the linseed oil, which is effectively used as biodiesel (B20) and pre-heated to decrease the viscosity of the fuel with the aid of heater up to 100°C. The nanoparticle used in this work is titanium dioxide because of its highest oxygen content and easy availability in the market. Different proportions of titanium dioxide nanoparticles are blended (50 ppm, 100 ppm, 150 ppm, and 200 ppm) with pre-heated linseed oil in a coated diesel engine. The coating material used is Partially Stabilized Zirconium and the preferred thickness of 0.5 mm that is achieved with plasma spray techniques guidance. The crown of the piston or the top surface of the piston is coated with Partially Stabilized Zirconium (PSZ). It is observed that pre-heated PLSNP200 linseed oil has shown the enhanced performance and lower emissions when correlated with all the other blends. Pre-heating of Linseed oil and diesel engine (DI) coating has resulted in a 5.2% increase in thermal efficiency. The combination of PLSNP 200 reduces emissions of CO, smoke, and HC by 37.78%, 25%, and 37.92%, respectively. The oxides of nitrogen are elevated drastically by 7.43% when correlated with diesel fuel. The blend PLSNP200 increased the BTE and NOx by 8.11% and 6.53% respectively when compared with PLS20. The PLSNP200 blend HC, CO and Smoke opacity emission is drastically decreased by 33.82 21.05% and 26.57% when compared with the preheated linseed oil B20 (PLS20). Image 1 [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]