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Introduction: Paediatric perineal trauma or Anogenital Injury (AGI) in the paediatric age group remains lesser reported in under-developed areas or rural areas of India. Most of these injuries remain under reported to tertiary care centres because of a social stigma or poor access to a health facility. Aim: To present the clinico-epidemiological parameters of AGI in children and to assess the outcome of staged and definitive management in these children, comparing the results with other similar studies. Materials and Methods: This was a retrospective study on data of 11 cases (age range 1-14 years, seven cases were girls and 4 cases were boys) of paediatric anogenital injuries,admitted at the tertiary care centre from 1 July 2018 to 30 June 2020 were analysed. Data of all the patients, demographic details, relevant clinical history such as time of presentation, mode of injury and type of management, outcomes and complications was collected and studied. All the collected data was analysed by calculating mean±SD, frequency(n) and percentages(%). Results: Road traffic accident was the most common cause of AGI (n=5, 45.5%), followed by sexual assault (n=3, 27.3%). Wound infection in late presenters (n=5, 45.5%) was the most common complication affecting the outcome. Children with a primary diversion of the fecal stream or diversion colostomy (n=5, 45.5%) as an associated procedure had a better outcome. Primary repair without diversion (n=3, 27.3%) was noticed to have a high incidence of wound infection and anovaginal scaring. Conclusion: A high incidence of poor wound healing related to late presentation and malnutrition noted among these AGI cases belonging to rural or semi-urban settings. Management of these injuries, therefore, needs to be individualised on caseto- case basis. The diversion stoma formation seems to be considered in all high-grade anogenital injuries and selected lower grade injuries with evidence of secondary infection or poor healing of the primary repair. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study aims to identify and empirically evaluates the critical factors of successful technology transfer (TT) from higher education institutions (HEI) to industry and to develop a TT model in the Indian context. With the help of questionnaire survey, the perception profile of 318 respondents was collected from PAN-India. Utilizing the survey data, factor analysis identified six constructs representing five critical factors of TT and an outcome factor. The results of multiple regression analysis indicate significant effect of all five critical factors on an outcome factor. The findings of the study validate the TT Model and identify supportive and promotive TT environment factor, market and finance factor and HEI factor to be the most important factors of successful TT. This study may help the policymakers in strategizing future initiatives to improve the rate of successful TT. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The positive Indian Ocean Dipole (IOD) event in 2019 was among the strongest on record, while the Indian Summer monsoon (ISM) was anomalously dry in June then very wet by September. We investigated the relationships between the IOD, Pacific sea surface temperature (SST), and ISM rainfall during 2019 with an atmospheric general circulation model forced by observed SST anomalies. The results show that the extremely positive IOD was conducive to a wetter‐than‐normal ISM, especially late in the season when the IOD strengthened and was associated with anomalous low‐level divergence over the eastern equatorial Indian Ocean and convergence over India. However, a warm SST anomaly in the central equatorial Pacific contributed to low‐level divergence and decreased rainfall over India in June. These results help to better understand the influence of the tropical SST anomalies on the seasonal evolution of ISM rainfall during extreme IOD events. Plain Language Summary: A prominent pattern of variability in the Indian Ocean is a seesaw in sea surface temperature (SST) between the eastern and western sides of the Ocean basin, called the Indian Ocean Dipole (IOD). Its influence on the regional weather and climate is not yet fully established, but the extremely strong IOD event in 2019 provided us the opportunity to consider its impact on the Indian Summer Monsoon. By simulating the response to the anomalous SST patterns that occurred in 2019, and by observation‐based analyses, we find evidence that the IOD did influence the monsoon rainfall in 2019, but that SST anomalies in the Pacific Ocean were also important. Our simulations show that the positive IOD was conducive to wetter‐than‐normal conditions throughout and especially at the end of the monsoon season, but that anomalous warmth in the central equatorial Pacific may have contributed to reduced rainfall in June over India. The results from this study help to understand the role of SST anomalies within and outside the Indian Ocean in affecting ISM rainfall intensity and seasonal evolution during extreme IOD events. Key Points: The positive Indian Ocean Dipole event that occurred in 2019 was among the strongest in the modern instrumental recordThe 2019 Indian Summer monsoon was drier than usual in June then wetter in the following months, resulting in above‐normal seasonal rainfallThe seasonal evolution of ISM was partly driven by a combination of equatorial Pacific and Indian Ocean sea surface temperature anomalies [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In India, more than 72 million people have diabetes. Diabetic retinopathy (DR), a vision-threatening complication of people with diabetes, is an important cause of avoidable blindness. The delay in the detection of DR is due to lack of awareness and shortage of ophthalmologists trained in the management of DR. With this background, in 2015, we initiated a capacity-building program "Certificate Course in Evidence Based Management of Diabetic Retinopathy (CCDR)" with an objective to build the skills and core competencies of the physicians across India in the management of diabetes and DR. The program has completed four cycles and 578 physicians have been trained. The course elicited an excellent response, which reflects the much-felt need for skill improvement in DR diagnosis and management for physicians in India. This model demonstrates an innovative modality to address DR-related avoidable blindness in a resource-restraint country like India. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Crowdfunding as a medium of raising finance for the startups and small and medium enterprises has gained popularity all over the world. The development of crowdfunding can be attributed to the technological developments in the field of information and communication technologies particularly the Internet. In crowdfunding, a website acts as an intermediary (online platform) through which promoters of startups advertise their business ideas and seek funding from the prospective investors. A large number of investors registered with the online platform individually contribute small amount of money to the startups. The online platform facilitates raising money not only for commercial ventures but also for the social and charitable purposes. This paper presents the crowdfunding scenario in India and also in other countries. It discusses the merits and demerits of crowdfunding as a source of finance. It examines the modified regulatory framework being adopted in different countries of the world, including India so as to facilitate the growth and development of this innovative financial source. Finally the paper highlights the need for government support so as to expand the size and scope of crowdfunding in India. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A conjoined twin of male gender, weighing 3 kgs was born at 36 weeks of gestation to a primigravida mother. The twin cried immediately after birth. The twin had a single trunk, three upper limbs, two lower limbs and two separate heads joined at the trunk , single anal opening and male external genitalia. Antenatal USG at 35 weeks showed polycephaly live intrauterine fetus with breech presentation with anteriorly placed placenta maturity grade II with gross fetal anomaly, polyhydramnios with distended fetal urinary bladder (bladder volume: 63ml). The twin had respiratory distress on admission, so oxygen support was given. Babygram done was suggestive of two separate vertebral columns from cervical to lumbosacral region. 2D echo shows 2 hearts. Twin was managed conservatively, started on NG feeds and discharged in stable condition. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The world of information is in a transition. Information is being generated and disseminated at the rate and volume unprecedented. The librarians and other information professionals are continuously engaged in the search for faster, economical, accurate, effective and efficient methods and techniques for handling information. Quite a large section of the world community of librarians has been engaged in designing excellent web pages, putting their library resources on the web, creating subject gateways to help the researchers, completing digital and virtual library projects and so on, with a view to reach up to the study room of the researchers with the information they need, at the time of the need and in the form it is needed. The problem has been widely discussed in library and information science literature. Librarians have been quite conscious of their social image particularly in the Western world. In India, various commissions and committees have duly recognized the role of librarians in academic pursuit.

The article outlines the balancing act of the U.S. concerning Indo-Pakistan military relationship. There is a long history of hostility between India and Pakistan exacerbated by the dispute over Kashmir, a Muslim state that became incorporated into India. A so-called Line of Control that leaves two-thirds of Kashmir in Indian control and one-third under Pakistani control came as a resolve. The U.S. applies ceasefire pressures to both nations in order to prevent an all-out conflict between the two.

The article reports on the results of a study on the status of College of Education libraries in Punjab, India, revealing the insufficiency of library staff strength and the inadequacy of library computers.

The South Asian monsoon system is strongly coupled to the underlying Indian Ocean as itprovides an essential source of moisture and heat. During the boreal summer, theabsorption of solar radiation leads to intense heating of the Indian Ocean surface. Aspreviously shown by model studies of the Arabian Sea, chlorophyll blooms decrease thepenetrative depth of solar radiation, increasing upper ocean radiant heating and seasurface temperature, intensifying monsoon rainfall over south-west India. However,the impact of summer chlorophyll blooms in the southern Bay of Bengal on seasurface temperature and the intensity and extent of monsoon rainfall has not yet beenquantified. As part of the joint Indian-UK Bay of Bengal Boundary Layer Experiment (BoBBLE),one ocean glider and three Argo floats were deployed in 2016 to measure upper ocean lightintensity and biological constituents over a period of 1 to 3 months. We determine thetransmission of light through the water column with varying chlorophyll concentrations usinga constrained double exponential function, representing known parameters for thetransmission of red wavelengths and unknown parameters for blue wavelengths, which wasfitted to each vertical profile of photosynthetically active radiation. With the scale depth ofred wavelengths fixed at 1 m, the mean scale depth for blue wavelengths was found to be 17m for this region during the summer chlorophyll bloom, indicative of Jerlov WaterType IB. The observed scale depth for blue wavelengths ranged from 10 m whenmaximum chlorophyll concentrations in the Southwest Monsoon Current reached 0.8mg m−3, to above 26 m when chlorophyll concentrations were less than 0.1 mgm−3. We can now simulate the impact of temporal and regional variability of chlorophyllconcentrations in the Southern Bay of Bengal using glider and float-observed scale depths ofblue wavelengths of light in an ocean mixed layer model. Two sets of idealised experimentsusing the 1-dimensional KPP ocean mixed layer model were run during the month of July2016 with two different, but constant, scale depths of 14 m and 26 m. The difference in SSTbetween the two simulations show an increase of 0.24˚ C by the end of July 2016. Weconfirm that a 12 m change in observed scale depths, equivalent to a 0.3 mg m−3 change inchlorophyll concentration, impacts on the depth and distribution of heating at the oceansurface. This would have a subsequent impact on monsoon rainfall amount and extent. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The effect of a tea fortified with five herbs selected from Indian traditional medicine (Ayurveda) for their putative immunoenhancing effect (Withania somnifera, Glycyrrhzia glabra, Zingiber officinale, Ocimum sanctum and Elettaria cardamomum) on innate immunity was investigated. Ex vivo natural killer (NK) cell activity was assessed after consumption of fortified tea compared with regular tea in two independent double-blind intervention studies. Both studies were conducted in India with healthy volunteers (age >or= 55 years) selected for a relatively low baseline NK cell activity and a history of recurrent coughs and colds. In a pilot study conducted with 32 volunteers, the consumption of Natural Care tea significantly improved the NK cell activity of the volunteers in comparison with a population consuming regular tea. These results were validated in an independent crossover study with 110 volunteers. Data from these two studies indicate that regular consumption of the tea fortified with Ayurvedic herbs enhanced NK cell activity, which is an important aspect of the (early) innate immune response to infections., ((c) 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.)

Background: Diarrhoea is a common clinical manifestation of HIV infection regardless of whether or not patients have AIDS. Two newly recognized opportunistic coccidial protozoa are parasitic pathogens in AIDS patients. We attempted to determine the common parasites in Indian patients with AIDS., Methods: Between October 1994 and December 1996, a total of 110 stool specimens from 94 AIDS patients with acute or chronic diarrhoea were examined by microscopy of wet mounts and smears stained by a modified Ziehl-Neelsen's (cold) staining method., Results: Isospora belli was the most frequently encountered parasite in 17% of patients, followed by Entamoeba histolytica in 14.9% and Cryptosporidium in 8.5%. Strongyloides stercoralis and Giardia lamblia were detected in 5.3% and 4.3% of patients, respectively., Conclusion: The presence of different parasites in 56.4% of stool specimens of patients with AIDS indicates that their specific diagnosis is essential. This will help initiate therapy to reduce the morbidity and mortality among such patients due to these pathogens.