Search

Background: An incisional hernia (IH) after major abdominal surgery is an unwanted complication particularly following cytoreductive surgery and hyperthermic intraperitoneal chemotherapy (CRS and HIPEC). The frequency of IH among patients treated with CRS and HIPEC remains unexpectedly high in various studies. This study aimed to analyze the incidence, determine the factors contributing to the occurrence of IH, and develop methods to reduce the incidence of IH. Methods: We retrospectively analyzed data from a prospectively maintained structured computerized comprehensive database of 360 patients who had undergone CRS and HIPEC after January 2013 and completed two years of follow-up before December 2023. All patients were followed for a minimum period of two years with physical examination and radiological imaging when required and the occurrence of IH was documented. We used SPSS software version 24 to analyze the data using appropriate statistical tests. We set a significance threshold of p < 0.05. Results: Within two years of undergoing CRS and HIPEC, 25 patients (6.9%) out of 360 developed IH, indicating an annual incidence rate of 3.5%. The mean duration of hospitalization for the CRS/HIPEC procedure was 8.4 ± 4.13 days. Fifty-two (14.4%) patients experienced early post-operative surgical complications. The development of IH in our series was significantly associated with obesity (76% vs. 8.4%, P = 0.001), the occurrence of early post-operative surgical complications (48% vs. 12%, P = 0.001), mainly category III complications (44% vs. 7.1%), category IV complications (24% vs. 2.9%) according to Clavien-Dindo classification, post neoadjuvant chemotherapy status (72% vs. 87%, P = 0.045) and need for bowel anastomosis (32% vs. 11%, P = 0.002). Conclusion: The lower incidence of IH following CRS and HIPEC in our patient cohort than in the literature can be attributed to a combination of factors, including the use of meticulous surgical techniques and the use of an abdominal binder postoperatively, particularly in obese patients. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Chickpea is a second most important pulse crop grown in 56 countries and India rank first in production which shares 61.4% of the total world chickpea production however, productivity is very low as compared to other countries. Therefore, varietal development with inherent tolerance to biotic and abiotic stress is the prime objective to improve component productivity traits to get better yield in rainfed agro-climatic conditions. Methods: Ninety germplasm accessions of chickpea along with four check viz., JG 14, JG 16, JAKI 9218 and Radhey were evaluated in augmented block design at experimental research farm of Banda University of Agriculture and Technology, Banda, Uttar Pradesh, India. Phenotypic data were subjected to study the genetic parameters and association analysis of yield and its component traits using SPAR 2.0 Package and Windostat Version 9.2. Result: The significant variation was observed for all the traits except number of secondary branches, number of pod per plant, number of seeds per pod among the genotypes. The maximum GCV and PCV was observed for height of first pod (35.28 and 39.29), followed by seed yield per plant (29.77 and 40.32) and number of primary branches (25.63 and 31.44). The high magnitude of heritability with genetic advance was estimated for seed index (96.61%), while the high genetic advance as per cent of mean was recorded for first pod height (65.27%). The positive and significant association of seed yield with number of pods per plant, seed index, number of seeds per pod, number of secondary branches, number of primary branches and height of first pod indicating the importance of these traits in selection criteria. Path analysis identified that number of seeds per pod, number of pods per plants, seed index and number of secondary branches per plant as highly desirable component for direct effect on seed yield per plant. The genotypes ICVT-181106 had highest selection indices for seed yield followed by ICVT-181107, PUSA-1053, JG-218, GNG-1999, ICVT-181102 and HC-5. Therefore, high GCV and PCV, significant positive direct and indirect correlation and high estimate of selection indices for grain yield can be directly and indirectly used for chickpea breeding program. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The present study evaluates the potential of airborne hyperspectral and space-borne multispectral satellite datasets to determine alpha (α) and beta (β) diversity combining in-situ floristic composition in tropical deciduous forests (TDFs) of Mudumalai Tiger Reserve (MTR), India. 43 forest plots (each of 0.04 ha) were sampled to record the species diversity in MTR. The very high-resolution AVIRIS-NG hyperspectral images and temporal Sentinel-2 multispectral images were used to extract spectral variables by associating each field plot with corresponding pixels of the satellite images. A high positive correlation of field-based α-diversity (Shannon-Wiener diversity index (H′)) with AVIRIS-NG based α-diversity (R2: 0.83 (2016); R2: 0.82 (2018)) was observed compared to Sentinel-2 based α-diversity (R2: 0.50 to 0.63) with high correlation during post-monsoon (R2: 0.63). Principal coordinate analysis of AVIRIS-NG based β-diversity signifies a low diversity (H′: <1.00) in the eastern parts (0.13% of MTR) in contrast to moderate (H′: 1.00 to 2.00; 13.39% of MTR) to high diversity (H′ >2.00; 86.49% of MTR) in the remaining parts of MTR. The study highlights the application of high spectral-spatial AVIRIS-NG images for precise tree diversity mapping and the high temporal-spatial Sentinel-2 satellite images for assessing the phenological variations of the forest species. The integration of high spatial-hyperspectral and temporal multispectral satellite datasets with field-based observations for fine-scale tree species diversity mapping at geographical and temporal scales is the novelty of the study that may effectively contribute in devising effective forest management plans for biodiversity conservation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A total of 32 sweet potato genotypes were evaluated to assess the genetic diversity based on quantitative traits and molecular markers, as well as stability for yield and related traits. Wider variability was observed for the traits like vine length (181.2–501.3 cm), number of leaves/plant (103.0–414.0 cm), internodal length (3.20–14.80 cm), petiole length (6.5–21.3 cm), leaf length (8.50–14.5 cm), leaf breadth (8.20–15.30 cm), leaf area (42.50–115.62 cm2), tuber length (7.77–18.07 cm), tuber diameter (2.67–6.90 cm), tuber weight (65.60–192.09 g), tuber yield (7.77–28.87 t ha−1), dry matter (27.34–36.41%), total sugar (4.50–5.70%) and starch (18.50–29.92%) content. Desirable traits such as tuber yield, dry matter and starch content have shown high heritability (>60%) with moderate to high genetic advance. Under molecular analysis, a total of 232 alleles were observed from all 32 microsatellite markers, which ranged from 4 to 14 with an average of 7.77 alleles per locus. In the population, the average observed heterozygosity (0.51) was higher than the expected heterozygosity (0.49). The contribution of genotype, genotype by environment interaction to the total variations was found to be significant. Based on the multi-trait stability index (tuber length, tuber diameter, tuber weight and tuber yield), genotypes X-24, MLSPC-3, MLSPC-5, ARSPC-1 and TSP-12-12 were found to be most stable. Among them, the high-yielding and stable genotypes TSP-12-10 (26.0 t ha−1) and MLSPC-3 (23.9 t ha−1) can be promoted for commercial production or used as parental material in future crop improvement programmes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Using the latest National Sample Survey (NSS) education round data, we examine the patterns and determinants of demand and cost of private coaching in higher education in India. Two-step Heckman selection equation results find that students with better household resources (rich and educated) are more likely to take private coaching and tend to spend more on it. Results show that not only pro-male gender discrimination is in existence; there is also caste inequality in the demand and cost of private coaching, with a higher marginal effect among poor households. The study establishes that the market of shadow education, which by its very nature, is highly selective and delivers the service largely to the students of socially and economically well-off families. This article provides a rationale to consider the dynamics of inequalities in access to private coaching while devising educational policies, for making higher education egalitarian. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Allelopathy Journal is the official publication of 'Allelopathy Books' that promotes allelopathy research and publish researches related to plant sciences and health sciences. This study aimed to present an insight about the researches published in this journal, to help the Authors, Readers and Editorial team to understand the journal in depth. We analyzed the scholarly publications published in the Allelopathy Journal, their Citations, focussing on other aspects such as Publication output, Citation analysis, Co-authorship patterns, Collaboration networks, Research productivity, Research topics and International collaboration. This study is useful to identify emerging trends and evaluate research impact. The data for the study was extracted from the Scopus Database for the period from 1996 to 2022. The results showed that the journal has published 1209 papers during this period, which received 9826 citations with an average of 8.13 citations per paper. F.Z. Wu was the most prolific author with 22 papers receiving 127 citations and Prof. S.S. Narwal, with second highest papers in the journal, received the highest number of citations (242). China was the most productive country with 425 papers in the journal, followed by India (243 papers). The Chinese Academy of Sciences was the most productive institute in the journal and published 67 papers with 678 citations. A total of 4870 authors have appeared in 1209 papers with 0.91 degree of collaboration and a collaboration index of 4.03. Thematic maps indicated that the topics represented by keywords such as "Distribution", "Habitat", "Essential Oil", "Lettuce", "Morphology," have potential importance for future research. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

North-Eastern India is blessed with a vast diversity of rice genotypes with varying yielding abilities. However, the predominant strong soil acidity induced nutrient stresses from the toxicity of aluminum (Al3+) ions often causes sub-optimal rice productivity. The lack of suitable nutrient media for the screening of aluminum (Al) toxicity tolerance of rice genotypes is one of the limiting factors in Al tolerant varieties' development. Modified Magnavaca's solution has been the most recommended nutrient solution for this purpose where ammonium nitrate is the primary nitrogen source. However, strict regulations related to the handling and storage of ammonium nitrate in India limit the preparation of Modified Magnavaca's solution for laboratory use. Here, a modified ammonium nitrate-free formulation based upon the Magnavaca's solution has been proposed. The modified formulation was found to have 160.9 µM of active Al3+ concentration when 550 µM of aluminum chloride hexahydrate (AlCl3.6H2O) was added at pH 4.1 to the solution. Through a plant growth screening experiment using ten diverse rice genotypes a significant difference in the response of various genotypes to differential Al toxicity levels on root growth performance indicators was observed. Based on the response, we could able to categorize the genotypes into tolerant and sensitive in relative terms. Thus, the present experiment provided an important nutrient formulation suitable for screening rice genotypes under Al toxicity conditions. Moreover, the selected tolerant and sensitive genotypes can further pave the way for studying the molecular mechanism of Al toxicity response in rice and their use in the breeding program. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The intense competition among shopping centre proprietors has led researchers to investigate the factors that influence customer loyalty. To this end, this research was conducted to explore the relationship between customer loyalty, service quality, and customer satisfaction at DLF Mall of India. A survey was conducted using a five-point Likert scale to collect data from customers, which was then analysed using structural equation modelling. The results of the analysis revealed a strong positive relationship between service quality and customer loyalty (β=0.528, CR=2.681, P<0.05), customer satisfaction and loyalty (β=0.78, CR=1.091, P<0.05), and service quality and customer satisfaction (β=0.65, CR=2.014, P<0.05). These findings support the proposed theory and the three hypotheses (H1, H2, and H3) that were formulated. Thus, the present study analysed the factors that contribute to customer loyalty, including service quality and customer satisfaction, in the context of DLF Mall of India and this study will contribute to the existing literature by providing empirical evidence for the significant influence of service quality and customer satisfaction on customer loyalty. Managers of shopping centres can use the insights from this research to enhance the quality of service and customer satisfaction at their establishments, which could ultimately lead to increased customer loyalty. However, the results of this study may not be generalizable to the entire nation, as the research was conducted only in the Delhi-National Capital Region. Further research in other regions of the country could provide a more comprehensive understanding of the factors that influence customer loyalty. This study provides valuable insights into the relationship between service quality, customer satisfaction, and customer loyalty in the context of a shopping centre. The results highlight the importance of providing high-quality service and satisfying customer needs to build long-term relationships with customers. Future research should consider conducting similar studies in other regions to gain a broader perspective of the factors that impact customer loyalty in the retail industry. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study evaluated the COVID-19 risk considering positive cases (as a hazard) and the demographic structure (as a socio-economic vulnerability) at districts scale across India using fuzzy analytical hierarchical process and geospatial modelling. Despite the fact that the high and very high COVID-19 hazard was observed in a limited area (14.2%, 233 districts), the proportion of high to very high COVID-19 risk was evident in larger regions (42.5%, 575 districts). A moderate to very high socio-economic vulnerability was recorded in major parts of the country (60.0%, 557 districts), while the districts with megacities had been severely affected due to the more complex urban and social systems. The study highlights the zones under high COVID-19 hazard and its possible linkages with vulnerability and risk at district scales in India that may effectively support emergency preparedness and response mechanisms during the different waves of the pandemic. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Since inception of the COVID-19 pandemic, early detection and isolation of positive cases is one of the key strategies to restrict disease transmission. Real time reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (qRTPCR) has been the mainstay of diagnosis. Most of the qRTPCR kits were designed against the target genes of original strain of SARS-CoV-2. However, with the emergence of variant strains of SARS-CoV-2, sensitivity of the qRTPCR assays has reportedly reduced. In view of this, it is critical to continuously monitor the performance of the qRTPCR kits in the backdrop of variant strains of SARS-CoV-2. Real world monitoring of assay performance is challenging. Therefore, we developed a two-step in-silico screening process for evaluating the performance of various qRTPCR kits used in India. Results: We analysed 73 qRT-PCR kits marketed in India, against the two SARS-CoV-2 VoCs. Sequences of both Delta (B.1.617.2) and Omicron (B.1.1.529) VoCs submitted to GISAID within a specific timeframe were downloaded, clustered to identify unique sequences and aligned with primer and probe sequences. Results were analysed following a two-step screening process. Out of 73 kits analysed, seven were unsatisfactory for detection of both Delta and Omicron VoCs, 10 were unsatisfactory for Delta VoC whereas 2 were unsatisfactory for only Omicron VoC. Conclusion: Overall, we have developed a useful screening process for evaluating the performance of qRTPCR assays against Delta and Omicron VoCs of SARS-CoV-2 which can be used for detecting SARS-CoV-2 VoCs that may emerge in future and can also be redeployed for other evolving pathogens of public health importance. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The study aimed to determine the above-ground biomass (AGB) of tropical deciduous forests in Central India using field-based techniques and spaceborne quad-pol ALOS PALSAR-2 L-band and dual-pol Sentinel 1A C-band synthetic aperture radar (SAR). Field sampling based on 73 forested grids exhibited a diverse forest composition in the Satpura Tiger Reserve (STR) with a total of 54 tree species of which 31.48% species were IUCN Red-Listed. The forests were highly diverse (H′=3.22) with a low concentration of dominance (CD = 0.06) and a quite high species evenness (E = 0.81). The sensitivity and correlation between field-based AGB and SAR backscatter in STR were highest in cross-polarization due to its higher sensitivity to the vegetation structure in both L- and C-band SAR, where L-VH based AGB estimates were found more accurate (RMSE:5.17%). The study provided vital information for setting up strategies for biodiversity conservation, enhancing forest productivity, and restoring wildlife habitats. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Seaweeds are well known for having a wealth of nutritional benefits and providing ecological support to associated fauna. Seasonality influences the biochemical characteristics, affecting their ecological and economic values. In the present study, we evaluated pigments, primary and secondary metabolites, minerals, and antioxidant properties of green seaweed Chaetomorpha antennina growing on the intertidal rocks along the Covelong coast, India, in different seasons (from June 2019 to March 2020). Significant variations were found in the levels of antioxidants, minerals, and metabolites in different seasons, e.g., amino acid levels were the highest in post-monsoon and the lowest in summer. In monsoon, we found the highest concentration of fatty acids in the thalli. Lipid peroxidation and total antioxidant activity were at their maximum levels during post-monsoon, which indicated oxidative damage responses. No significant variations were found in the levels of photosynthetic pigments. The outcomes indeed suggested seasonal variations in the biochemical and nutrient profile of C. antennina. We suggest that the harvesting/collection of C. antennina for different nutrients and metabolites should be performed in the respective seasons. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Pulse crops are commonly known as poor man’s meat. Pigeon pea is second most important pulse crops of India after chickpea. Weeds are amongst prime biotic factors limiting pigeon pea yield and can cause seed yield losses up to 80 per cent. Promising result of weed control by pendimethalin was documented in pigeon pea. Also Imazethapyr is applied as pre and post emergence to control grasses and broad leaved weeds in other pulse crops but limited research was undertaken in pigeon pea. Therefore, current experiment focused to compare the effect of imidazolinones alone and in combination in pigeon pea.  Methods: To control weeds in pigeon pea, pre and post-emergence of imidazolinones alone and in combination with pendimethalin was applied. Nutrient content, nutrient uptake, productivity and economics of pigeon pea were worked out. Conclusion: Among herbicidal treatments, the highest nutrient content, nutrient uptake, productivity, net returns and benefit cost ratio in pigeon pea were observed in the pre-emergence application of pendimethalin + imazethapyr @ 1000 + 75 g ha-1. Therefore, this treatment may be an effective and profitable alternative to the existing manual and costlier recommendation (two hoeing at 25 and 45 DAS) of weed control in pigeon pea in Haryana locality. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A few decades ago, hydroelectric projects were considered a clean source of energy. The present study aims to assess the biomass and soil carbon (C) stock in the hydroelectric catchment in India and further, its implications to mitigate GHG emissions. The estimation depicts the low 'C' stock in the reservoir's catchment in comparison to reservoirs located globally in the same eco-region which will ultimately result in lower GHG emission in the future. Moreover, estimated total carbon density of the forest species was found as 54.92 ± 18.07 MgC.ha−1 while mean SOC was 79.64 ± 19.32 MgC.ha−1. The average total 'C' stock of Tehri hydroelectric reservoir's catchment was estimated as 134.56 MgC.ha−1. Moreover, ratios (total flooded carbon/installed capacity) comprised between 4 and304 kgC/W from the other reservoirs reported globally. These ratios are higher than the Tehri reservoir (0.28 kgC/W) as flooded area of Tehri reservoir during impoundment was 52 km2. Thus, Tehri reservoir was found to emit less GHG in time to come. The present study helps the hydropower industries, policymakers, and environmentalists in designing the catchment area treatment plan to minimize the negative impact of GHG on climate change. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Oxidative stress, due to reactive oxygen species (ROS) or free radicals, can increase cardiovascular risk factors (CRFs). Lifestyle, environment, and genetics are the primary reasons for ROS generation. The role of genetics in the causation of CRFs mediated by ROS is still elusive. The present study aimed to determine the prevalence of null genotypes of oxidative stress genes (GSTM1 and GSTT1) and cardiovascular risk factors (CRFs) in an urban population. The association of GSTM1 & GSTT1 null genotypes with CRFs was also assessed in this study. A total of 40 participants (permanent residents of Chandigarh, India) were recruited. Anthropometric and physiological data were collected along with blood samples. Biochemical and molecular analysis were performed on all the collected blood samples. More than 90% of the participants had high blood pressure (HBP), 70% had obesity (OBS), and 40% had postprandial hyperglycemia (PPH). The null-genotype of GSTM1 and GSTT1 exhibited 47.50% and 7.50% of participants, respectively. GSTM1 and GSTT1 null genotypes were higher in males than females (50% vs 42.9% and 7.7% vs 7.1%). Agewise distribution showed that the absence of GSTM1 genotype was more in older participants (56.5% vs 35.3%) while GSTT1 genotype was more absent in younger participants (11.8 % vs 4.3%). Participants with null genotypes had trends of high CRFs, but only diastolic blood pressure (DBP) was significantly high. Although, mean arterial pressure (MAP) was also on the verge of significance. Odd ratio analysis showed a 2.383-fold risk of hyperglycemia in participants with either null genotypes. The present study concluded that studied participants are at greater risk of cardiovascular diseases due to high trends of CRFs. High CRFs may be related to the null genotype of GSTM1 and GSTT1 in the urban environment. Further studies with a bigger sample size are warranted to establish the results of the present study. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: The incidence of Renal Cell Carcinomas (RCCs) has increased steadily and they have become the seventh most common histological type of cancer across the globe. Aim: To assess the profile of the patients of RCC with respect to age distribution, sex distribution, clinical presentation, site of tumour, risk factors, staging, histopathological examination, and operative complications. Materials and Methods: A retrospective descriptive study was conducted in Department of Urology, Indira Gandhi Institute of Sciences, Patna, Bihar, India, from January 2019 to June 2020, that included patients with RCC. The pathology specimens and reports of patients with RCC who underwent laparoscopic, open, cytoreductive, and partial nephrectomy were reviewed. Data related to demographic characteristics, site of tumour, risk factors, co-morbidities, clinical features, histopathology, tumour grade and stage, type of surgery, intra-and postoperative complications, and Fuhrman nuclear grading system were recorded. Results: Total 60 patients diagnosed with RCC were included in this study. Of these, majority of patients were men (n=44). Majority of patients belonged to the age group of =60 years (n=39). Smoking (n=30), hypertension (n=30), obesity (n=20), and occupational exposure (n=8) were major risk factors associated with RCC. Haematuria (n=36), flank pain (n=24), hematuria and lump, with flank pain (n=18), and weight loss (n=18) were the most common clinical features in patients with RCC. According to the histopathologic type, 30 (50.0%) patients had clear cell RCC, 18 (30.0%) had papillary RCC, 8 (13.3%) had chromophobe RCC and the other four (6.7%) had cystic neoplasm, urothelial, angiomyolipoma, or sarcomatoid. Twenty-four patients underwent laparoscopic nephrectomy while 31 patients underwent open nephrectomy. Cytoreductive and partial nephrectomy was performed in three and two patients, respectively. Conclusion: The present study findings suggest that age has an impact on development of RCC. Also, intraoperative and postoperative complications were more common among patients who underwent open nephrectomy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Rhino-orbitol-cerebral mucormycosis (ROCM) is seen as a common post-coronavirus disease (COVID-19) fungal infection in India. It is a lethal, opportunistic infection of the paranasal sinuses and brain caused by fungi of the Mucorales, most commonly with Rhizopus spp. Early diagnosis and timely management are essential. Other studies have shown high mortality up to 25–60%. However, in this study, the recovery rate is very high. We aimed to present six post-COVID mucor cases and to review the literature in terms of prevention, diagnosis, and management of this fatal infection. We carried out a retrospective case series of six patients with a confirmed diagnosis of ROCM presenting to a single tertiary-level hospital during the second wave of covid 19 pandemic. Clinical details for each case was obtained from the hospital information system. A total of six patients (five males and one female) were diagnosed with ROCM during this period. Out of six patients, four had diabetes mellitus and all were on steroid treatment during COVID-19 infection. The most common presenting features were headache (100%), facial pain (80%), orbital swelling (80%), and earache (20%). Most of the patients had sinusitis as a predominant finding in preop magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) at presentation. All patients received liposomal amphotericin B (LAmB) as the first line of treatment and subsequently shifted to posaconazole. The overall recovery rate was 100% and patients were discharged. ROCM infection is very hard to treat. The studies have shown cases with late presentation spreading beyond paranasal sinuses. Early intervention and treatment with antifungals and extensive surgical debridement resulted in the full recovery of all six cases. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A rise in the incidence of disease in a herd results in multiplied use of antimicrobials, which in turn increases the presence of antibiotic residues in milk and increased bacterial resistance to antimicrobials. Continued use of antibiotics in the remedy and prevention of diseases of dairy cows always needs to be scrutinized. With this background, we carried out the present study to screen the major pathogens of bovine mastitis circulating in and around Meerut, Uttar Pradesh, India and their sensitivity to frequently used antibiotics. 30 milk samples suspected for mastitis based on clinical manifestations were collected and processed for bacterial isolation, identification and culture sensitivity test. Among the isolates, 14 (46.67%) were Gram-positive bacteria, 11 (36.67 %) Gram negative and 5 (16.67 %) were mixed infection. The isolated mastitis dweller bacteria were Staphylococcus spp. (46.67 %), E. coli (36.67 %), and mixed infection spp. (16.67 %). The studies of in vitro antibiogram revealed gentamicin to be the most effective drug (93.34 %), followed by enrofloxacin (66.67 %), cefotaxime+clavulanic acid (63.34 %), ampicillin+sulbactam (60.00 %), chloramphenicol (60.00 %), amoxicillin+sulbactam (53.34 %), colistin (46.67 %), ciprofloxacin (40.00 %), oxytetracycline (33.34 %), streptomycin (33.34 %), amoxicillin + clavulanic acid (13.34 %) and ampicillin/cloxacillin (10.00 %) against the bacterial isolates from mastitis milk. These findings suggest bacterial resistance against commonly used advanced drugs and combination of drugs. Thus, it can help to develop guidelines for practitioners in the choice of the most appropriate antibiotic. The outcomes of study contribute to risk assessment of anti-microbial resistance (AMR) and provide a standard baseline for setting up and assessing control measures and structuring strategies to constrain AMR. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aim: The aim of the study was o define the preoperative diagnostic clinical and radiological features in girls with congenital pouch colon (CPC). Materials and Methods: Records of 47 girls with CPC, managed from 1996 to 2018, were reviewed. There were two age groups: Group A (newborn to 12 months; n = 26) and Group B (>12 months to 20 years; n = 21). The important clinical and radiologic features to help in a preoperative diagnosis were noted. Results: The most common subtype was Type II (57.4%), followed by Type I (23.4%) and Type III (12.8%). The features common to both the groups were abdominal distension (A = 53.8%; B = 9.52%), severe perineal excoriation (A = 19.2%; B = 23/8%), and urinary incontinence (A = 30.7%; B = 85.7%). In addition, in Group B, fecaloma on abdominal palpation was noted in 28.6% of patients. The characteristic appearance of the perineum including external genitalia and findings on plain abdominal X-ray (AXR) were 100% accurate and hence diagnostic. These unique features helped us formulate an algorithm for preoperative diagnosis of this uncommon form of anorectal malformation in girls seen in North India. Conclusions: The characteristic features on clinical examination should alert one to the presence of CPC in the outpatient clinic. The AXR was diagnostic in 100% of cases and is mandatory. If any doubt persists, examination of the genitalia under anesthesia with more retraction of the labial folds and endoscopy can be performed for confirmation. These measures should enable a clinician to make an accurate preoperative diagnosis in every girl with CPC. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

[Display omitted] • Rift basin thickness varies over a highly fractured crystalline basement, and fault/fracture complex geometry of the Paleoproterozoic intracratonic Kaladgi rift is revealed. • Sedimentary units of the basin with resistivities in the ranges of ∼100-2000 Ω-m are revealed beneath the Deccan volcanic province. • Electrical Moho is imaged at ∼50 km depth underneath the formations of the eastern Dharwar craton. • Deep-seated crustal fault zones are identified and match well with the geological faults, and the Chitradurga Suture Zone Archean boundaries are revealed in the upper-mantle structure. Peninsular India is traversed by several major Paleoproterozoic rift basins, among which the Kaladgi rift basin is a prominent one. Here, we present results from Magnetotelluric (MT) studies in the eastern section of this rift basin. The data were acquired along a ∼120 km long profile passing through Belavanik-Bagalkot-Ukkali regions covering the Paleoproterozoic intracratonic Kaladgi rift basin, the Cretaceous Deccan volcanic province and the Archean gneisses/granites/greenstones of the Dharwar craton. The lithospheric electrical structure was obtained from joint inversion of TE- and TM-modes data using a 2-D nonlinear conjugate gradient algorithm. The results reveal that the Kaladgi sediments are ∼500–1000 m in thickness overlying a highly fractured crystalline basement. Proterozoic sediments are exposed beneath the Deccan basalt cover and in the shallow fractured zones. The conductive-resistive transitions in the model at the crustal depths correspond to major tectonic faults and deformed crustal rocks. The transition boundary at ∼50 km depth defines the electrical Moho. At the same time, a ∼25 km wide, steep conductive feature from ∼75 km to upper mantle lithosphere depths (∼180–200 km) is interpreted as the trace of the Chitradurga Suture Zone (CSZ). The observed crustal heterogeneity, conductivity variations, and resistive lithosphere are attributed to the geological history of the region, including Archean collisional events and subsequent reactivation associated with the Reunion hotspot. The crustal conductors are associated with mafic intrusions from the underplated basalts, and also the high conductivity may be due to the sulfide mineralization in the fault zones. The MT study provides valuable insights into the deep tectonic framework of the region. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Activity pattern performed by Greater Flamingos was studied at Najafgarh Jheel Bird Sanctuary from November 2018 to November 2019. During present study different type of behaviours was recoded, and frequency calculated for a different type of behaviours performed among months as well as different time block (morning, afternoon, evening) for adult and immature. A total of 117 hrs were spent in recording activity budget study. Scan sampling and focal sampling methods were adopted to collect the data. A number of behavioural categories, resting (one leg-standing, broken neck posture), preening (twist preen), feeding, alert, aggression (such as chrysanthemum / Threatening, hooking and ritual bickering), movement (marching, flight, walking), wing-salute, inverted wing salute, wing-leg stretching, scratching, drinking, bathing, wing flapping and combat identified. The result revealed that the main behaviours were Feeding, resting and preening. Resting was maximum at morning hours while feeding at its peak during evening hours. Greater Flamingos found to be engaged in feeding (47.16 % ± 1.34) followed by resting (23.85 ± 1.08 %), preening (14.09 ± 0.33 %) movement (6.98 ± 0.76 %) alert (3.30 ± 0.12 %) and aggression (1.44 ± 0.13 %). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: The majority of nosocomial infections in the hospital setting are found in intensive care units (ICUs). The present study was undertaken to determine the incidence, risk factors, causative microorganisms, and outcome of various ICU-acquired infections. Materials and methods: The patients admitted to the ICU of a teaching hospital in North India were prospectively studied. Detailed history, clinical examination, acute physiology and chronic health evaluation score II, simplified acute physiology score II, sequential organ failure assessment score, and baseline investigations were recorded. Patients were assessed daily till 14th day for nosocomial infection as per Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) guidelines and were followed till death or discharge. Incidence, risk factors, and outcome parameters were calculated using Student t-test, Chi-square test, and stepwise multivariate logistic regression model. Results: The overall incidence rate of ICU infections was 27.9%. The most common ICU-acquired infection was ventilator-associated pneumonia followed by catheter-related bloodstream infection and catheter-associated urinary tract infection. Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Acinetobacter baumannii, and Klebsiella pneumoniae were implicated in most of the infections. ICU length of stay (LOS) >7 days, neurological dysfunction, endotracheal intubation, ischemic heart disease, and use of antacids/H2 blockers were significantly associated with ICU-acquired infections. The mortality rate was 32.8 and 28.8% in patients with and without ICU infections, respectively (p = 0.531). The ICU LOS (19.23 ± 12.79 days) was significantly higher in the ICU infections group (p <0.001). Conclusion: Ventilator-associated pneumonia was the most common nosocomial infection in our study. Gram-negative microorganisms were the predominant causative agents for various ICU-acquired infections. Mortality was not found to be affected but ICU LOS was significantly prolonged as a consequence of the development of ICU-acquired infection. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

National Institutional Ranking Framework (NIRF) was launched on 29 September 2015 by the Ministry of Human Resource Development, Government of India to rank the academic & research institutions across the country. The NIRF E-release of India Ranking 2020 was held on 11th June 2020. The present study analyses the top 100 Universities in terms of visualisation of data, the relationship of ranking with the parameters, and the relations among these parameters. Results of the study indicate that the Teaching, Learning & Resources (TLR) score for all the universities was almost similar while Research and Professional Practice (RP) score had a considerable variation and played a significant role in ranking by having a positive linear correlation with the total score with the value of R²= 0.746. RP also has a strong correlation with the Peer Perception (PR) of the university. The average library expenditure of top-10 universities was 9.45 crore per annum. It was also found that library expenditure has a positive correlation with RP and the universities with higher research productivity also have a more outstanding quality of publication in terms of citations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Scrub typhus is caused by Orientia tsutsugamushi (formerly Rickettsia) and is transmitted to humans by an arthropod vector of the Trombiculidae family. Recent reports suggest that there has been resurgence of rickettsial infections in the Indian subcontinent. As the clinical features of scrub typhus are nonspecific and closely mimic that of other tropical infections, its diagnosis is often delayed or missed. It may cause serious complications such as myocarditis, meningoencephalitis, acute renal failure, acute liver failure, pneumonia, acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS), disseminated intravascular coagulation, and multiorgan dysfunction syndrome. Early diagnosis is important because the response to treatment is excellent and may help prevent complications. Here, we report a case of scrub typhus in a pregnant woman complicated by ARDS; however, timely diagnosis and institution of therapy helped save two precious lives. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Decalepis salicifolia (Bedd. ex Hook. f.) Venter is a potential medicinal and highly aromatic plant species confined to the southernmost part of the Western Ghats of India. The plant is well known for its traditional uses among the various tribal communities of south India. The tubers of the plant possess characteristic vanillin-like aroma due to the presence of the compound 2-hydroxy-4-methoxybenzaldehyde. The tubers are used to substitute Hemidesmus indicus in various herbal formulations. The plants in the wild are continuously uprooted for their roots, leading to the irreversible destruction of the whole plant. The resulting tremendous loss of populations in the wild led to the species being declared as critically endangered by IUCN. Our group is working on the various aspects of this species including population status, distribution mapping, prospection, and conservation management. In the present review, we have brought out the available information till date on D. salicifolia, including taxonomy, ethno-medicinal uses, phytochemistry, pharmacology, population status, and conservation efforts along with research gap and lacunae to provide direction for further research into this less explored medicinal and aromatic plant. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Agroforestry has great potential for carbon (C) sequestration among different land uses of the Himalayan region, India. However, our knowledge of C sequestration in particular, agroforestry system around the world is poor. Therefore, we conducted a study to understand biomass accumulation and carbon allocation in different components of the agroforestry system. The highest stem biomass was recorded in Eucalyptus tereticornis (69.43 ± 0.90 Mg ha-1), branch biomass in Populus deltoids (5.04 ± 0.35 Mg ha-1), leaf biomass also in P. deltoids (2.21 ± 0.12 Mg ha-1), and root biomass in Albizia procera (14.01 ± 0.44 Mg ha-1). The highest (81.01%) C allocation was recorded in the stem of Toona ciliate, branch of P. deltoids (5.73%), leaves of E. tereticornis (2.93%) and root of Anthocephalus cadamba (16.83%). The highest CO2 mitigation (160.5 ± 2.55 Mg CO2 ha-1) and C sequestration (45.33 ± 0.60 Mg ha-1) were recorded in E. tereticornis. The highest wheat crop biomass (11.85 ± 0.23 Mg ha-1) and C stock (3.59 ± 0.05 Mg ha-1) were recorded in P. deltiodes. However, soil carbon stock was recorded in E. tereticornis (37.5 ± 3.52 Mg ha-1). Thus, trees on farmlands with crops are suitable for biomass production and C allocation in different components under changing climatic scenarios. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The study analysed spatio-temporal distribution of fire radiative power (FRP) and estimates of trace gases [volatile organic compounds (VOCs) and nitrogen oxides (NOx)] along with their reactivity during biomass burning period of March (2003–2017) over the northeast region (NER), India. Reanalysis data of FRP along with emission rates of trace gases have been retrieved from Global Fire Assimilation System. Results showed that average FRP was estimated to be 0.37 Wm−2 with the highest value in Mizoram (0.16 Wm−2) among 7-states of the study region. Temporally, relatively higher FRP occurred during the year of 2006 and 2010 while lowest in 2017. FRP-based VOCs and NOx emission estimates were 431 and 69.5 mg/m2/day, respectively which are consistent with observed FRP. Among different groups of VOCs, oxygenated species were the largest group (~56%) estimated followed by alkenes, alkanes, aromatics, and biogenic. Photochemical reactivities of VOCs were estimated using propylene-equivalent and maximum incremental reactivity methods which showed oxygenated species had the highest contributions in chemical reactivity. Based on the MIR scale, the top ten leading contributor species for ozone (O3) formation were in descending order of formaldehyde, acetaldehyde, ethene, propene, toluene, butane, isoprene, methanol, pentene, and hexane which accounted for approximately 97% of total ozone formation. We also examined the ozone formation regime using VOCs/NOx ratios which indicated that O3 formation was likely to be VOC-sensitive over NER. Our results could be used for the understanding of FRP-based trace gas emissions during biomass burning and to establish effective preventive measures for reduction in O3 pollution. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Physical, cognitive, behavioural, and emotional disabilities are all possible. Other types of impairment are well addressed in other subject centres, but this particular disabilities topic area focuses only on physical and sensory problems. Every person is born with the same respect and right and that is not affected by any kind of disability. People with disabilities face human rights abuses, stigma, and discrimination all around the world. This paper is all about the rights of the disabled persons and following acts regarding the disability are as follows India’s Disabilities, Disabled Children's Education Act, Laws Concerning Families, and International Human Rights: United Nations Charter, The Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities, and Disabled People's Constitutional Rights. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Burnout syndrome has been widely reported in nursing staff. It is more pronounced in intensive care setting (up to 80%). This survey was designed to assess the prevalence of burnout and its correlates among critical care nurses. Methods: Anonymous questionnaire was distributed to all ICU nursing staff of a tertiary care teaching hospital. Questionnaire had 25 questions covering – demography, job characteristics, Visual Analogue Scale for stress, co-worker support, work–life balance, question for measuring burnout, job satisfaction, turnover intention, organizational commitment, for depression screening and psychosomatic symptoms. The burnout scale score was used to dichotomize into low burnout (<3) or high burnout (> = 3) group. These two groups were compared using Chi-square test, Fischer's exact test for categorical variables and independent t-test for continuous variables. Significant variables were entered in multivariate logistic regression analysis. Results: Out of 150 ICU nurses, 125 (83.3%) gave completely filled questionnaires which were evaluated. 47 (37.6%) participants reported experiencing high burnout. Binary logistic regression model revealed that lack of specialized ICU training (OR = 4.28, 95% CI: 1.62 to 11.34, P = 0.003), performing extra duty in last month (OR = 5.28, 95% CI: 1.90 to 14.67, P = 0.001), High physical symptoms in last 12 months (OR = 4.73, 95% CI: 1.56 to 14.36, P = 0.006) and mid-level experience (1–5 years) were significantly associated with burnout. Conclusions: Burnout is significantly prevalent (37.6%) among intensive care nurses. Specialized training and limiting work hours can help in mitigating this problem. High frequency of physical symptoms could be early indicators of burnout. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Backgroud: Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) has spread globally affecting all strata of people including the orthopaedic surgeons of India. We have witnessed a drastic fall in the number of patients. The aim of study was to assess the extent to which the Indian orthopaedic practice has been affected by the pandemic. Methods: We conducted an online survey amongst currently practicing Indian orthopaedic surgeons. Those currently not in practice or under training or having left clinical practice before the onset of pandemic were excluded. A total of 533 orthopaedic surgeons took part in the study amongst which, complete responses were obtained from 407 individuals. Statistical analysis was done to see the association between demographic profile of study participants and various variables of orthopaedic practice. Results: There was drastic fall in all the parameters of orthopaedic practice. Over half of the practicing surgeons witnessed fall in out-patients over 90%. Most had stopped elective surgeries (64%) and even emergency ones (21%) altogether. More than 50% of doctors had their earnings reduced by > 75%. We found a statistically highly significant association of reduction in earnings with the sector, type of set-up and duration of practice. (p-value < 0.001). Conclusion: This study suggests that orthopaedic surgeons across all sectors in different kinds of set-ups have been affected in their out-patient and operative numbers. With regards to earnings, those working in private and running their own (individual) hospitals & clinics have been most severely affected while those in government sector and medical colleges have been affected the least. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The present study was conducted to predict the current and future potential distribution of a tree species Pterocarpus marsupium Roxb. in Ranchi, Eastern India using ecological niche modeling. Nine environmental variables comprising of isothermality, precipitation of wettest and warmest quarter, annual temperature range, soil type, human influence index, elevation, slope and land use cover were used to model the distribution of the species. Climatic variables governed the predicted distribution of the species as they contributed 56.7% as compared to the other nonclimatic variables (43.3%). Northern parts exhibited the most suitable niche of the species as compared to south‐east and central parts that showed low probability of occurrence due to high disturbances caused by rapid urbanization as well as over exploitation of the species for timber, edible and medicinal uses. The average test area under the receiver operating curve (AUC) (0.921) as well as the partial AUC indicated good model performance. The projected change scenarios of RCP2.6, RCP4.5 and RCP6.0 for the year 2050 reveal that the climatically suitable areas will be drastically reduced in Ranchi. The population of the species is declining due to its exploitation from natural habitats for timber and medicinal uses and is listed as near‐threatened by the current IUCN‐Red lists. The findings of this paper will help to identify the potential habitats for further conservation of this near‐threatened species in the changing climatic conditions and increasing anthropogenic pressure. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article is devoted to theoretical and methodological problems of bank unrecovered loan in Ukraine and India. The purpose of this article is to identify the key sensitive indicators of unrecovered loan in Ukraine and Indian banking system. The article solves the following research tasks: a descriptive statistical analysis of bank unrecovered loan to the total loans, bank cash reserves to the ratio of bank assets, inflation, consumer prices, interest rates on loans, GDP; data on bank bad loans to the total amount of total loans, bank cash reserves, the ratio of bank assets, inflation, consumer prices, interest rates on loans, GDP are standardized; a regression model of the dependence of non-performing bank loans on the total loan on the factors of the ratio of bank cash reserves to bank assets, inflation, consumer prices, interest rates on loans and GDP was built; analysis of the remains of the regression model. According to the results of the study, the main factors that affect bank unrecovered loan for the total amount of loans are: for Ukraine - the ratio of cash reserves to bank assets and GDP; for India - consumer price inflation and GDP. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Context: Directly observed treatment short course (DOTS) was adopted as the strategy for the provision of treatment to increase treatment completion. Poor adherence to medication has been noted and poses a big challenge even after achieving 70% case detection and 85% cure rate. The focus remains on dealing with important reasons of default and timely retrieval of patients who interrupt the treatment. Aims: The aim of the study was to measure the noncompliance of DOTS and to determine the reason for the same among patients in rural area of Pune. Materials and Methods: An observational cross-sectional study was conducted with a study population comprising the patients who were getting treatment in November 2016 and must have completed at least 1 month of treatment in Mulshi block. The study period was from November 2016 to January 2017. All the patients were interviewed using a pretested questionnaire for their compliance. Results: The total number of patients included in the study was 88. The age was 18-70 years in which 77.3% were male and 22.7% were female. We found 71.6% new cases, and 27.3% were the previously treated patients, whereas 1.1% were multidrug-resistant patients. Among these patients, 25% were tobacco chewers and 31.8% were smokers. We found that 61.4% were compliance patients and 38.6% were noncompliance patients. Reasons given by the patients were side effects, stigma of the society, migration from one place to another, and felt better from symptoms after taking medication. Conclusion: Noncompliance in our study is high. We should take steps regarding this so that people adhere to the medication. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Knowledge of carbon (C) pools in soils is helpful in devising practices for efficient carbon management in intensive cropping systems. Carbon fractions of soil organic carbon are used as an indicator for land-use induced change in soil quality. The present study evaluated carbon pools under Terminalia chebula (chebulic myrobalan) based agroforestry system supplied with different nutrient sources, viz. farmyard manure, poultry manure, vermicompost, wheat straw and inorganic fertilizer (NPK @ 100 : 80 : 60). Carbon fractions, viz. very labile (C1 frac), labile (C2 frac), less labile (C3 frac) and non-labile (C4 frac), were analysed at 0-15 and 15-30 cm soil depth. The higher value of C1 frac (13.8%), C2 frac (4.8%), C3 frac (8.3%) and C4 frac (11.1%) were recorded under agroforestry as compared to open system. Among the nutrient sources, all the carbon fractions were higher under 100% integrated nutrient sources as compared to controlled treatment. Microbial biomass carbon (MBC) was recorded higher (298.31 μg g-1) under agroforestry system compared to the open system (290.63 μg g-1) at 0-15 cm. Among the different nutrient sources, higher MBC (458.66 μg g-1) at 0-15 cm and lower (340.59 μg g-1) at 15-30 cm soil depth was recorded in 100% integrated treatment. Thus, agroforestry-based land-use types and integrated nutrient management are more efficient for soil health and carbon management in Himalayan foothills. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• Genetic analysis of VIR gene of ORFVs revealed high percentage of identity. • VIR gene showed low identity among parapoxviruses (PPVs). • VIR gene based phylogeny showed species-specific clustering among PPVs. • Host species-specific sub-clusters among ORFVs was observed. • Conserved N-terminal DNA-binding and C-terminal dsRNA binding domains were predicted. Orf is a contagious disease posing a serious threat to animal and human health. E3L is one of the evolutionarily acquired immunomodulatory proteins present in orf virus (ORFV) and is responsible for conferring resistance to interferons among poxviruses. Genetic analysis of ORFV isolates of different geographical regions including Indian subcontinent targeting viral interferon resistance (VIR) gene (a homolog of vaccinia virus E3L gene) revealed a high percentage of identity among themselves and other ORFV isolates at both nt and aa levels as compared to low identity among parapoxviruses (PPVs). Phylogenetic analysis showed species-specific clustering among PPVs along with sub-clusters based on host species of origin among ORFVs infecting sheep and goats. Conserved amino acids in N-terminal Z-DNA binding domain and C-terminal ds RNA binding domain of VIR proteins of PPVs corresponding to ORFV VIR positions namely N37, Y41, P57, and W59 (necessary for Z-DNA binding) and E116, F127, F141, and K160 (necessary for dsRNA binding) were found. Further, the predicted protein characteristics and homology model of VIR protein of ORFV showed high structural conservation among poxviruses. This study on E3L genetic analysis of ORFV isolates may provide a better understanding of the molecular epidemiology of circulating strains in India and neighboring countries. Also, E3L deleted or mutated ORFV may be an as vaccine candidate and/or compounds blocking E3L may prove as an effective method for treating broad spectrum poxviral infections, suggesting a wider application in control of poxvirus infections. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Unlabelled Image The study encompasses spatio-temporal land use/ land cover (LULC) monitoring (1989–2014) and urban growth modelling (1994–2024) of Delhi, India to deduce the past and future urban growth paradigm and its influence on varied LULC classes integrating geospatial techniques and Cellular Automata (CA). The study focused on scrutinising the reliability of the CA algorithm to function independently for urban growth modelling, provided with strong model calibration. For this purpose, satellite data of six stages of time at equal intervals along with the population density, distance to CBD and roads, and terrain slope are used. The satellite-based LULC during 1989–2014 exhibited 457 km2 of net urban growth (275% change), cloned by the simulated LULC with net increase 448 km2 (270% change). The spatial variation analysis using the principal component analysis (PCA) technique exhibit high similarity in classification ranging from 72% to 88%. The statistical accuracy between the satellite-based and simulated built-up extent of 2014 resulted in the overall accuracy 95.62% of the confusion matrix, and the area under the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve as 0.928—indication high model accuracy. The projected LULC exhibit that the urban area will increase to 708 km2 and 787 km2, primarily in western and eastern parts during 2019 and 2014 respectively. The rapid urban growth will replace and transform others LULC (net loss 138 km2) followed by vegetation cover (net loss 26 km2) during 2014–24. This rapid urban growth is detrimental to the habitat and may trigger critical risks to urban geo-environment and ecosystem in Delhi. Therefore, the study necessitates towards decentralization of urban functions and restoration of varied LULC in order to regulate the future urban growth patterns for sustainable development. The GDAL and NumPy libraries in Python 3.4 were efficient in spatial modelling and statistical calculations. • Satellite-based LULC exhibit net urban growth of 457 km2 during 1989–2014, cloned by CA based simulated LULC (448 km2). • CA model exhibited high overall accuracy (95.62%) and the area under ROC (0.928). • CA-based projected built-up area is expected to increase to 708 km2 in 2019 and 787 km2 in 2024 in Delhi. • Study exhibited an increasing contribution of population density and decreasing contribution of proximity to CBD in urbanization process. • Python 3.4 was found efficient in spatial modelling and the script was shared. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Green hydrogen, a carbon-neutral fuel, has the potential to reduce atmospheric greenhouse gas and plays a vital role in mitigating climate change. Its potential is immense in renewable-rich Asian economies, however, its production is yet to start with key factors such as safety parameters, resources, proper government incentives, and public acceptability affecting its optimal generation. This study employs three multi-criteria decision-making approach like analytic hierarchy process (AHP), decision-making trial and evaluation laboratory (DEMATEL), and Fuzzy-AHP followed by the sensitivity analysis to identify and prioritize the robustness of the five primary potentials (social, political, economic, technical, and environmental). Subsequently, categorized into 22 sub-potentials of green hydrogen and ideal renewable resource for the sustainable development objective of India. The results of the DEMATEL analysis suggest that the social is the key predictor and the last one is Technical. The Fuzzy-TOPSIS method suggests that solar is the best renewable energy resource followed by wind, small hydro, and biomass energy. Hence, the government's intervention and robust policy frameworks are required to increase its production with special emphasis on cost considering solar energy. The finding of this study will guide the governments, energy sector players, producers, environmental advocacy groups, and users to make a strategic decision regarding the choice of the most viable source of renewable energy to achieve the targets of sustainable development Goals (SDGs-7). • Potentials for Green Hydrogen (GH) in India. • Source of Renewable energy for Green Hydrogen production. • Integrated framework for prioritizing the GH potentials. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Forest biomass is one of the significant components for assessing the productivity and sustainability of the forest's ecosystem. In the present study, the mapping and estimation of above ground biomass (AGB) was performed using field observations employing allometric equations and C band Sentinel 1A and L band Advanced Land Observation System (ALOS) Phased Array L-band Synthetic Aperture Radar (PALSAR) remote sensing satellite images for the parts of north eastern Himalayan forests, Arunachal Pradesh. Total 57 transects of 500 m × 10 m size was laid in West Kameng and Tawang districts (altitude range: 1047–4161 m) of Arunachal Pradesh, in which a total of 12203 individuals of 67 tree species (Diameter at Breast Height (DBH) range: 3.18–235.45 cm) was recorded. The study exhibited higher tree density (428 individuals' ha−1) and basal cover (7658.63 m2ha-1) in the studied forests. The highest above ground biomass was contributed by Castanopsis indica (103.82 t ha−1) followed by Pinus roxburghii (46.24 t ha−1) and Quercus semicarpifolia (23.14 t ha−1). Further, AGB was estimated using the Horizontal-Horizontal (HH), Horizontal-Vertical (HV) polarizations acquired by the ALOS PALSAR 50 m mosaic (2008) dataset and Vertical-Vertical (VV), Vertical-Horizontal (VH) polarizations acquired by the Sentinel 1A dataset. The relationship between field based AGB and radar backscatter for selected sample plots was established using pair wise correlation. While comparing the two satellite-based SAR images, it is observed that high correlation between radar backscatter and field based AGB was observed in ALOS PALSAR as compared to Sentinel 1A SAR. This is due to higher sensitive to backscatter values and higher penetration level of L band ALOS PALSAR as compared to C band Sentinel 1A SAR. The correlation study indicates high correlation of HV polarizations in ALOS PALSAR (HV polarization R2 = 0.63; HH polarization R2 = 0.58) as compared to Sentinel 1A (VV polarization R2 = 0.054 and VH polarization R2 = 0.044). The most accurate and reliable method to estimate AGB is the field based method, but it is time consuming and tedious. Whereas, AGB estimation by L band SAR remote sensing is time effective and can be used for larger area in comparatively less time. The present study exhibited poor species diversity in higher altitudes northeast Himalayan forests as species diversity decreases with increase in altitudes. On the other hand, the higher AGB in the studied forests may be due to favorable environmental conditions including less temperature and more nutrient availability as well as less biotic interferences in terms of anthropogenic disturbances, herbivory and grazing. The study signifies the potential use of L and C band backscatter information in the reliable estimation of spatial AGB in sub-tropical to alpine forests of Arunachal Pradesh. Image 1 • AGB was estimated using field based allometric equations and SAR images. • Decreased mean tree density per transect with increase in altitude was observed (Subtropical > Temperate > Alpine Forests). • Mean tree diversity & biomass per transect was highest in temperate forests followed by subtropical & alpine forests. • High correlation observed between radar backscatter (HV) & field based AGB in ALOS PALSAR as compared to SENTINEL 1A. • High altitudinal variations induced poor species diversity in Eastern Himalayan forests contributes in higher AGB. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Deccan basalt contains primary silicates rich in Ca, Mg, and Fe ions, suitable for CO2 sequestration. Previous, basalt-water-CO2 interaction studies were focused on other than Deccan basalt types. However, such studies on the Deccan basalt are rare. Thus, present basalt-CO2 water saturated interaction modelling under hydrothermal-like conditions was carried out on the Deccan basalt of the Mandla area to understand apposite pCO2 and time parameters. Modelling results were further validated by experiments run in a laboratory time framework. Present results show negative entropy (ΔS) and enthalpy (ΔfH) that suggest feasibility of plagioclase, pyroxene and magnetite dissolution. Obtained negative Gibb's free energy (ΔfG), ΔfH and ΔS values for calcite, dolomite and magnesite indicate spontaneous reaction, whereas, positive ΔfG and negative ΔfH and ΔS values of the siderite suggest non-spontaneous and opposing reactions. Calcite is the first carbonate mineral to form, but, at a faster rate. Magnetite dissolution begins after a time lag (not initiated along with the plagioclase and pyroxene).X-ray Powder Diffraction results of post-experiment residues revealed formation of calcite, aragonite, ankerite, huntite, siderite, smectite, chlorite, smectite/chlorite mixed layers and chabazite. Scanning electron microscopic images show tiny calcite crystal growth over the larger calcite crystal and incipient-disordered calcite with imperfections on crystal faces.Thus, basalt carbonation is mainly controlled by time, but temperature, pCO2 and pH played sub-ordinate role. Largely, thermodynamic models do not agree well with the experimental results as numerical models indicate larger carbonate growth. Additionally, transition state theory based models work well to predict dissolution rates for most of the minerals, but, they overpredict growth of the secondary minerals. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Genome-editing offers great potential applications in various sectors including healthcare, agriculture and environment. With the advent of CRISPR technology, which is easily available and inexpensive, the advancement in this domain has been rapid in the recent times. However, there have been various concerns raised around the possible unintended consequences of its application, particularly in reference to human germline modifications; and the associated ethical issues and challenges related to its regulation and governance. This paper discusses the genome-editing technology, its applications, existing regulatory paradigm (with special reference to India), emerging ethical concerns and challenges related to its governance. Finally, it concludes by suggesting a way forward. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: India records 5 lakh child‑deaths annually due to vaccine preventable diseases. As a strategic endeavor, the Ministry of Health and Family Welfare, Government of India, launched Mission Indradhanush in December 2014 to achieve more than 90% full immunization coverage by the year 2020. Objectives: To assess the awareness of the respondents about Mission Indradhanush, to assess their attitude and practices regarding childhood immunization, and to determine the association between knowledge and practice with selected variables. Materials and Methods: A cross‑sectional study was undertaken from June to September 2017 among mothers with children aged 12–23 months in urban slums under field practice area of Community Medicine Department, Kalinga Institute of Medical Sciences, Bhubaneswar. Results: Mean age of the children was 17.23 ± 3.43 months; 65% were males and 35% females. Mean age of the respondents was 24.48 ± 3.97 years; 68% were literate and 94% were Hindus. Majority (76%) belonged to upper‑lower Kuppuswamy socio‑economic status scale. Only 10% had heard about Mission Indradhanush; health worker (90%) being the most common source of information. A total of 91% believed that vaccination prevented disease. A total of 96% believed that immunization was important for their children. A total of 73% had the maternal and child protection card with them. A total of 72% of children were fully immunized. Of the 28% partially vaccinated children, only 12.5% had heard about Mission Indradhanush. Reasons stated for partial immunization were mother too busy, child illness, and lack of information. Conclusion: Very few participants had heard about Mission Indradhanush in this study although most of them were aware of immunization services. Strengthening of Information, Education, Communication (IEC) activities regarding the program—Mission Indradhanush—needs attention. The immunization coverage was satisfactory. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Out of 100 pyogenic clinical cases of companion animals, 40 samples revealed Staphylococcus aureus confirmed by genomic amplification of 280-bp amplicons of the nuc gene. The presence of resistance and virulence determinants was confirmed for the genomic and plasmid mec, van, and coa genes. Out of 40 isolates of S. aureus, 23 isolates revealed amplification of 533-bp mecA genes on genomic DNA. These included 4, 14, and 5 isolates of cattle, buffalo, and dogs, respectively. On amplification for the coa gene, 19 isolates revealed amplicons of variable size and number on genomic DNA. The numbers of coa-positive isolates were 4, 12, and 3 of cattle, buffalo, and dogs, respectively. Among coa-positive isolates, thirteen were mecA-positive isolates while the other six isolates were mecA-negative. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• We report the first complete genome characterization of LSDV from India, LSDV-WB/IND/19 from a calf in 2019 outbreak isolated in vero cells determined by Illumina next-generation sequencing (NGS). • LSDV-WB/IND/19 has a genome size of 150,969 bp encoding 156 putative ORFs. • Phylogenetic analysis based on complete genome sequence suggested that LSDV-WB/IND/19 is closely related to Kenyan LSDV strains with 10–12 variants. • In contrast to complete kelch-like proteins in Kenyan LSDV strains, LSDV-WB/IND/19 LSD_019 and LSD_144 genes were found to encode truncated versions (019a, 019b, and 144a, 144b). • This study demonstrates the circulation of unique Kenyan-like LSDV strains in India and highlights the importance of constant monitoring of the molecular evolution of LSDV. Lumpy skin disease (LSD) is an economically important poxviral disease endemic to Asia, Europe, and Africa. Recently, LSD has spread to naïve countries, including India, China, Bangladesh, Pakistan, Myanmar, Vietnam, and Thailand. Here, we describe the complete genomic characterization of LSDV from India, LSDV-WB/IND/19 isolated from an LSD affected calf in 2019 determined by Illumina next-generation sequencing (NGS). The LSDV-WB/IND/19 has a genome size of 150,969 bp encoding 156 putative ORFs. Phylogenetic analysis based on complete genome sequence suggested that LSDV-WB/IND/19 is closely related to Kenyan LSDV strains with 10–12 variants with non-synonymous changes confined to LSD_019, LSD_049, LSD_089, LSD_094, LSD_096, LSD_140, and LSD_144 genes. In contrast to complete kelch-like proteins in Kenyan LSDV strains, LSDV-WB/IND/19 LSD_019 and LSD_144 genes were found to encode truncated versions (019a, 019b, and 144a, 144b). LSD_019a and LSD_019b proteins of LSDV-WB/IND/19 resemble that of wild-type LSDV strains based on SNPs and the C-terminal part of LSD_019b except for deletion at K229, whereas the LSD_144a and LSD_144b proteins resemble that of Kenyan LSDV strains based on SNPs, however, C-terminal part of LSD_144a resembles that of vaccine-associated LSDV strains due to premature truncation. The NGS findings were confirmed by Sanger sequencing of these genes in Vero cell isolate as well as in the original skin scab along with similar findings in another Indian LSDV from scab specimen. LSD_019 and LSD_144 genes are thought to modulate virulence and host range in capripoxviruses. This study demonstrates the circulation of unique LSDV strains in India and highlights the importance of constant monitoring of the molecular evolution of LSDV and associated factors in the region in light of the emergence of recombinant LSDV strains. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Anxiety is a prevalent issue among adolescents and can adversely affect their academic performance and everyday functioning. Aims & Objectives: To estimate the prevalence of anxiety among adolescents in urban and rural areas and to study the socio-demographic correlates of anxiety among adolescents in urban and rural areas. Methods: A comprehensive survey was conducted in the field practice area of Department of Community Medicine of a Medical College in western district of Uttar Pradesh. The survey was aimed at young people between the ages of 10 and 19 who lived in the practice area of the medical college. Result: The burden of anxiety was observed to be 19.6 % (n=92). Female gender, urban residence, early adolescent age-group (10-13 yr), nuclear family, day-time somnolence and family history of mental illness were factors having statistical significance. Poor education level of parents was also statistically significant. Physical activity and substance abuse did not have significant contribution in burden of anxiety. Conclusion: Anxiety in adolescents is a significant issue influenced by various factors. Early intervention and support are crucial. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The present report communicates the first complete genome sequence of S-type Mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis, isolated from an organised goat herd in Uttar Pradesh, India. Bacteria were isolated in pure culture on Herrold's egg yolk medium (HEYM) slants containing mycobactin J from the faecal sample collected per-rectally from a clinical diseased goat, and next-generation sequencing (NGS) revealed that the genome sequence length of the isolated strain named MAP-Gt-9 is 4,509,428 bp with no plasmid DNA, with a GC content of 69.5%, an N50 value of 125,474 bp, and an L50 value of 12, containing 4235 coding DNA sequences (CDSs), 44 tRNAs, 3 ncRNAs and 1 each 5S, 16S, 23S rRNA genes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Surface waves generated by earthquakes that occurred near Sumatra, Andaman-Nicobar Island chain and Sunda arc are used to estimate crustal and upper mantle S wave velocity structure of Bay of Bengal. Records of these seismic events at various stations located along the eastern coast of India and a few stations in the north eastern part of India are selected for such analysis. These stations lie within regional distance of the selected earthquakes. The selected events are shallow focused with magnitude greater than 5.5. Data of 65, 37, 36, 53 and 36 events recorded at Shillong, Bokaro, Visakhapatnam, Chennai and Trivandrum stations respectively are used for this purpose. The ray paths from the earthquake source to the recording stations cover different parts of the Bay of Bengal. Multiple Filtering Technique (MFT) is applied to compute the group velocities of surface waves from the available data. The dispersion curves thus obtained for this data set are within the period range of 15–120 s. Joint inversion of Rayleigh and Love wave group velocity is carried out to obtain the subsurface information in terms of variation of S wave velocity with depth. The estimated S wave velocity at a given depth and layer thickness can be considered to be an average value for the entire path covered by the corresponding ray paths. However, we observe variation in the value of S wave velocity and layer thickness from data recorded at different stations, indicating lateral variation in these two parameters. Thick deposition of sediments is observed along the paths followed by surface waves to Shillong and Bokaro stations. Sediment thickness keeps on decreasing as the surface wave paths move further south. Based on velocity variation the sedimentary layer is further divided in to three parts; on top lay unconsolidated sediment, underlain by consolidated sediment. Below this lies a layer which we consider as meta-sediments. The thickness and velocity of these layers decrease from north to south. The crustal material has higher velocity at the southern part compared to that at the northern part of Bay of Bengal indicating that it changes from more oceanic type in the southern part of the Bay to more continental type to its north. Both Moho and lithosphere − asthenosphere boundary (LAB) dips gently towards north. Thicknesses of both lithosphere and asthenosphere also increase in the same direction. The mantle structure shows complex variation from south to north indicating possible effect of repeated changes in type of tectonic activity in the Bay of Bengal. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: The study is an attempt to measure the research output of Indian Institute Technology (IITs) in quantitative manner as appeared in Web of Science (WoS) database from 1989 - 2018 (14.09.2018). In addition to measure the research output, the study aims to investigate the contribution made by the IITs, the most productive authors and their collaborative attitude with highly cited articles etc. Design/Methodology/Approach: To accomplish the objectives of the study, the relevant data for the study was obtained from Web of Science (WoS) database. The bibliographical data were recorded in MS-Excel 2007 sheet for the analysis and interpretation. Findings: The research output during the period of 1989-2018 (Till 14/09/2018) was 1,36,156 in total and the year 2017 appears to have the highest research output with 13,651 publications of the total 1,36,156. And year 1990 followed by 1999 and 2000 were found with least number of publications with negative growth. Research Limitations/Implications: The present study is confined to the contribution of the IITs available in WoS database and the research results are confined to this database only. Originality/Value: The study examines the research output of IITs with special reference to WoS database for the period of 29 years i.e. 1989 - Sept., 2018. In addition, the paper is relevant to those interested in bibliometric study and further the paper also provides a comprehensive overview on different aspect of the literature like year-wise growth, language, and most prolific author etc. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The contamination of inorganic elements in soil is a serious environmental problem,. The aim of the present study is to investigate concentrations of 19 elements in order to access the extent of their contaminations in the surface soil of hydroelectric catchments, Uttarakhand, India. For analysis, 168 soil samples were divided into eight groups according to altitudes. In soil samples, the concentration levels of Cr and Cu were found more than their background and threshold limit. Moreover, the evaluation of geochemical index (Igeo), enrichment factor (EF), and contamination factor (CF) suggests that soil samples were reasonably contaminated and highly enriched in Rb. The pollution load index (PLI) and degree of contamination (Cd) revealed that the presence of contaminations (PLI: 1.44; Cd: 44.94) in the study site might be a possible health risk for local residents. However, the calculation pollution ecological risk index (PERI) suggests low ecological risk (PERI: 77.61) of these elements. The clustering of sampling groups contained two clusters: the first cluster comprised F1 and F4 while the second cluster consists of the rest of the sampling group. Multivariate statistical analysis revealed that the variation in concentrations of the elements might be a result of agricultural activities and pedological processes. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]