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This article illustrates workers' precarity in the textile industry using economic and social upgrading, underscoring the difference in work organisations-buyer and supplier, reorganizing work, and applying socio-demographic features. The study uses exploratory-based framework to understand the root causes of precariousness in 12 suppliers' work organisations in Tiruppur, Tamil Nadu. The research shows that intensity of economic upgrading is high across all suppliers' work organisation, which are, large, medium, small, micro, power table, collective self-help group (SHG) for women. The national buyers shields their behavior under the international buyers. Distinction in buyers practices could result in social upgrading, but suppliers' work organisation continue to extract profits and improve profit margin-exacerbating workers' precariat conditions. Analysis of the re-organisation of work and socio-demographic features probes into precarisation. The precariat spectrum depicts that suppliers' work organisation is the recipient of precarity, and the agents that transfer precariousness to the workers. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study has empirically tested the relation between leverage and market concentration using a balanced panel data on 1469 firms over 26 manufacturing industries during 2001–2016 in the context of India. Our regression results indicate that competition has an overall negative effect on leverage. The negative effect of competition on leverage is intensified with larger firm size and larger growth opportunities. Finally, we examine whether the relationship between leverage and competition is non-monotonic. Our results show no important departure from linearity while using HHI but support the cubic relationship while using Tobin's q. Different tests of robustness support our results. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]