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Numbers are both shaped by and constitutive of a certain vision of the world, and household debt is no exception. Financialized capitalism relies on hegemonic numbers that serve the economic and political interests of state government and the financial industry, which see and measure debt as a market ripe for development. In the face of this, it is crucial to build alternative numbers. The political numbers of debt conceive debt as a power relation, and quantify the degrees of financial exploitation that hegemonic numbers are blind to. Ordinary numbers seek to reflect what matters the most to ordinary people. They conceive of debt as a relationship of social interdependence, which can be a source of power, hierarchy and exploitation, but also of mutual aid, reciprocity and dignity. Far from functioning in silos, hegemonic numbers, political numbers and ordinary numbers have shifting boundaries. This article, based on twenty years of research in India conducted by a Franco-Indian team of economists and anthropologists, exposes and contributes to the politics of numbers in the field of debt. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Elaborating on D. Sinha's call for outgrowing the alien framework and moving toward a psychology of liberation based on the Indian ethos, I draw together reflections on the current state of psychology in India. Taking a cue from themes addressed in the article, I focus on three aspects of psychology in India that the article helps us reflect on: (1) the reintegration of philosophy and psychology, (2) liberation as a goal, and (3) creativity as the way forward. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Language is a complex process, especially its written mode. To write better, one must be well acquainted with vocabulary and contextual expressions. The difficulties faced by the first generation learners of English in India are numerous because exposure is a bigger issue. The remedies for their difficulties are elaborately discussed in this paper. The aim is to throw light on the obstacles of the first generation learners at the tertiary level who had studied English as the second language or as a medium of instruction at the school level. Eighty such participants were selected using random sampling technique and a semi-structured interview was conducted. A mixed-method approach was used and a questionnaire was administered. The present study identifies difficulties in writing skills faced by first generation learners. And also, this paper focuses on the impact of difficulties in writing skills on them. Additionally, remedial measures to enhance writing skills are also discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Capital punishment is the supreme punishment that can be pronounced by any judicial officer, not only in India even in any other country of the world. It's not an innovation of present time means this punishment used to given to the culprits in ancient times too, but the methods of execution of such punishment were barbarous in nature at that time, and nowadays we have adopted a much-civilized method for the execution of death penalty, even though there are so many human rights organizations and committees who claim that the present practicing method of the execution of death penalty in India is painful and any other method should be adopted. in the international community, it is a subject matter of debate since a long time ago that the death penalty should be abolished and any alternative punishment should be given instead of capital punishment, resulted in many of the countries abolishing this punishment from their penal laws but in India death penalty is still in practice, but we also pronounce death sentence in rare of rarest cases as held in the leading judgment of the honorable supreme court "bachan singh vs state of Punjab". [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The use of the copper sulfate method is based on the fact that when a drop of whole blood is allowed to fall into the copper sulfate solution, there is formed an insoluble copper proteinate, and the behavior of this single drop of blood in the solution will determine the rejection or the acceptance of the blood donor. This procedure of Hemoglobin Estimation holds a great relevance in blood bank as it is cheap and gives fast result. Hemoglobin estimation is PURPOSE done for every donor who presents himself / herself for blood donation to select healthy blood donor Selection of SCOPE healthy blood donors provides better post transfusion hemoglobin increment resulting in better oxygen carrying capacity as well as prevents donor to be anemic after donation. RESPONSIBILITY Responsibilities I. Check the quantity of copper sulfate stock solution every day at 5:00 pm, if stock is insufficient; prepare stock solution for next day. Preparation of fresh copper sulfate working solution every day in the morning. ii. Standardization of copper sulfate solution iii. Take 50 ml of solution and change after performing 20-25 tests. iv. Dispose used solution as biohazardous material because of blood in the container. v. In case of doubtful result confirm by automated sysmex-1000 prior to accepting or deferring the donor. Responsible person Designated technician and / or Nursing staff [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The concept of an "early medieval" period (c. 600-1300 c.e.) in the study of South Asia's past is well established, yet remains ill defined and poorly understood. As a result, debates regarding grand explanative frameworks, not to mention the meaning and use of the term medieval, have dominated the study of the period. Important though these concerns are, what underpins them, and something that is rarely considered, is how sources and methodologies affect the study of the period. Historiographic review of scholarship on the early medieval reveals that from its inception, the period has been studied exclusively through the examination of documentary sources and monumental remains within the fields of history, literary and religious studies, and art history. Archaeology has been used to support historical theories, largely in order to provide further empirical "proof" of a perceived decline in trade and urbanism. The continued use of archaeological evidence in this way has meant that the full potential of archaeological inquiry has not been fulfilled, and the impetus for new archaeological research has been stifled. As a result, the early medieval is arguably the most poorly represented period archaeologically in the entire subcontinent. Critical assessment of the limited amount of archaeological evidence that does exist reveals a number of methodological and theoretical concerns that bring into question its applicability and use. These shortcomings not only force one to question historical interpretations, but also limit what can be said, archaeologically, about the period. It is argued that many of the wider uncertainties surrounding the definition and meaning of the early medieval stem from this absence of archaeological research. What is urgently needed is a revitalization of the archaeological approach to the study of the period; some ways are suggested in which this might be achieved in terms of methodological approaches, and questions that could be asked. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper argues for the development of ‘network political ecology’, drawing on the insights from regional political ecology and recent advancements in network theories of scale, to meet the challenges of investigating the meso-scale problem of vulnerability and adaptation to climate change. ‘Network political ecology’, attentive to scale as socio-ecologically produced and grounded in a regional resource use system, is one such approach that fills this gap in middle-range theory necessary to understand the complex processes through which vulnerability manifests and adaptive capacity is produced. This method is exemplified through the case of groundwater-dependent irrigating farmers in Rajasthan, India. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]

BACKGROUND: Pyrazosulfuron ethyl, a new rice herbicide belonging to the sulfonylurea group, has recently been registered in India for weed control in rice crops. Many field experiments revealed the bioefficacy of this herbicide; however, no information is available on the persistence of this herbicide in paddy soil under Indian tropical conditions. Therefore, a field experiment was undertaken to investigate the fate of pyrazosulfuron ethyl in soil and water of rice fields. Persistence studies were also carried out under laboratory conditions in sterile and non-sterile soil to evaluate the microbial contribution to degradation. RESULTS: High-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) of pyrazosulfuron ethyl gave a single sharp peak at 3.41 min. The instrument detection limit (IDL) for pyrazosulfuron ethyl by HPLC was 0.1 µg mL−1, with a sensitivity of 2 ng. The estimated method detection limit (EMDL) was 0.001 µg mL−1 and 0.002 µg g−1 for water and soil respectively. Two applications at an interval of 10 days gave good weed control. The herbicide residues dissipated faster in water than in soil. In the present study, with a field-soil pH of 8.2 and an organic matter content of 0.5%, the pyrazosulfuron ethyl residues dissipated with a half-life of 5.4 and 0.9 days in soil and water respectively. Dissipation followed first-order kinetics. Under laboratory conditions, degradation of pyrazosulfuron ethyl was faster in non-sterile soil ( t1/2 = 9.7 days) than in sterile soil ( t1/2 = 16.9 days). CONCLUSION: Pyrazosulfuron ethyl is a short-lived molecule, and it dissipated rapidly in field soil and water. The faster degradation of pyrazosulfuron in non-sterile soil than in sterile soil indicated microbial degradation of this herbicide. Copyright © 2012 Society of Chemical Industry [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

While the study of the ethical use of new technologies in journalistic work is imperative given the widespread use of such technology, such studies are few and far between, particularly for the developing world. This paper provides results of an exploratory, qualitative study of Indian journalists’ views about the ethical use of new computer and Internet-based technologies for news gathering and reporting in India. New digital technology was widely accessible to the respondents, but not all journalists were given the tools by their employers. Opinions about ethical news practices using new technology were mixed and revealed a few grey areas. English language national newspapers tended to indicate that their standards were strict and that ethical violations, exacerbated by new technology, occurred mostly in vernacular newspapers. On the whole, respondents had not heard often of other organizations or individuals committing unethical practices such as plagiarism and lack of attribution using new technology. Still, some beliefs indicated uncertainty about ethical practice or breach of ethical principles. The findings of this study have implications for journalism education and on-the-job training of Indian journalists, as well as for formulating ethical codes of journalism, particularly with regard to new media. Indian codes focus more on the roles journalists should play in society and do not provide very specific tactical guidance for everyday news gathering. Coupled with lack of training, this creates a situation where perceptions about journalistic ethics are sometimes vague and variant. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper takes a close look at India's literacy rate by exploring whether the officially 'literate' can read and at what level. In a large sample, aged 7+, drawn from four Hindi-speaking states, two methods were used to measure literacy. One was the standard Census Method (CM) which relies on self-reporting and the other was a Reading Method (RM) which required the same individuals to actually read a simple text at grade 2 level. The findings revealed a substantial difference between the reading literacy rates obtained by CM and RM. CM over-reported RM by 16%. The overestimation was higher for males. Decoding skills were found to erode in most cases after completion of primary schooling, assuming no further education. A minimum grade 8-9 education was required for decoding skills to not deteriorate after schooling. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper presents the findings of a survey of the information literacy programmes being provided at the engineering colleges in Navi Mumbai, India. The content and methods of delivery of these literacy programmes to the library users are examined: Study revealed that majority of libraries are providing information literacy programmes at the beginning of the academic year and librarian is. the lone person providing this. Faculty or external agencies are not engaged. Methods used for delivering are limited to brief introduction by lecture method and library tours. Web based instructions are not provided. Majority of libraries agree that ICT has had great influence on literacy programmes. Study also revealed that majority of libraries are not conducting any evaluation of these literacy programmes. Several suggestions re given to improve the IL programmes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• Methodological flaws and inaccurate information are identified. • Puri et al., 2020 don't incorporate false positive detection errors while conducting field surveys. • Identification of scats based on morphological attributes can be highly erroneous. • Results provided are not reliable enough to develop conservation policies. Scientific research requires selection of accurate research methodology to generate evidence based findings. In a study conducted by Puri et al. (2020) titled "The balancing act: Maintaining leopard–wild prey equilibrium could offer economic benefits to people in a shared forest landscape of central India" the authors have reported occupancy estimate of common leopard without incorporating false positive detections. Such results can be highly inaccurate with an error rate of 50–80%. The authors also identified common leopard scats based on morphological attributes through field surveys which have often been critiqued to be erroneous. Morphological compared with molecular identification of leopard scats can have potential error rates which might range between (7–100%) leading to flawed assessment of leopard diet and implications for conserving large carnivores within human-dominated landscapes of South Asia. Evidence based research provides solutions to adopt strategies and aids conservation of endangered wildlife. Results based on inaccurate methods can mislead decision makers and further exaggerate conclusions drawn. Human-leopard conflicts are a major conservation challenge with implications for human wellbeing, livelihoods and large carnivore coexistence within shared landscapes of South Asia. Studies focused on understanding such human-predator interactions should adhere to correct documentation of facts rather than exaggerating falsified information. We further recommend that research based on proper scientific methods be adopted while providing information on large carnivores within human-dominated landscapes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Through the Silk Road, Chinese medicine has different degrees of absorption on different levels of indic medicine. On the whole, Chinese medicine's absorption of indic medicine is "based on me" , "the way of my own, using the instrument." Taking the four levels of "rational, legal, prescription, and medicine" as the entrance, and analyzing the acceptance attitude of traditional Chinese medicine to Indian medicine with the Dunhuang medical literature as the center.Overall the analysis result on Chinese medicine's absorption of Indic medicine is "Based on our principles, utilising their means" , or can be understood as "fitting the foreign ideas into an already mature infrastructure" .

A survey was conducted to collect the data regarding the manufacturing technique and marketing of Ujani basundi. The product is being prepared since the 20th century in Ujani village of Ausa tehsil in Latur district, Maharashtra. Traditionally, in some part of Ausa tehsil the product is prepared by progressive boiling results to more and more skin formation, which is removed and collected on topside of karahi and when desired concentration is reached the sugar is added to 10:1. Whereas in Ujani village, the milk is continuously boiled, scrapped till the desired concentration is reached and then sugar is added @ 10:1. The final product has characteristic flavour, body and texture, colour and appearance, which is responsible for its popularity in this area. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this study, a fluorogenic heterotrophic plate count test for drinking water was modified in order to detect the presence of carbapenem-resistant bacteria. Antimicrobial agents and concentrations were selected based on recoveries of known carbapenem-resistant and carbapenem-susceptible strains inoculated into simulated samples. The modified method was field-tested on 19 drinking water samples from the New Delhi, India distribution system. Samples exhibiting fluorescence indicated bacterial growth in the presence of the supplemented antimicrobial agents, and organisms from these samples were cultured. Twenty-one Gram-negative isolates were identified from nine of the 19 samples and the meropenem minimum inhibitory concentrations were determined. Ultimately, eight carbapenem-resistant organisms were isolated from five sampling sites within the New Delhi water distribution system., (Copyright © 2015 Elsevier GmbH. All rights reserved.)