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Background: Thyroid diseases are common worldwide and in India too there is a significant burden of thyroid disease. Thyroid disease has a reported prevalence of 4-7% in the general population on neck palpation and in autopsy series it may be as high as 50% if subclinical nodules are included. The clinical presentation of thyroid swellings can be very misleading and a definitive diagnosis cannot be done without proper investigations. Aims: To conduct a clinicpathological study of thyroid swellings along with their management in a tertiary care center. Objectives: 1. To study the various clinical presentations of thyroid swellings 2. To record the FNAC findings in each case. 3. To perform histopathological examination of all operative specimens and compare the results with preoperative diagnosis. Materials and Methods: A one-year prospective study was done in which 50 patients with thyroid swelling were identified. Detailed information regarding all relevant parameters was recorded and treatment was done as per standard protocol. Results: Female preponderance of cases was seen (3.16:1). Maximum cases were in 36-45 year age group and 70% cases were premenopausal females. Multinodular goiter was commonest clinical presentation and colloid goiter was most common FNAC finding. Hemithyroidectomy was the most frequently performed operation. Final results showed that colloid goiter was the most commonly diagnosed benign condition while papillary carcinoma was the commonest malignancy. Conclusion: Most studies show female preponderance of cases. Multinodular goiter is the commonest clinical presentation world-wide. Colloid goiter is the most commonly diagnosed cause of thyroid swelling. Though FNAC is not 100% accurate, it has an important role in the initial evaluation of these patients. Histopathogical examination of specimen is the gold-standard investigation for final diagnosis. Due to the risk of an underlying malignancy, a proper evaluation of thyroid swellings is a must as they have excellent cure rate if treated early. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: Papillary Thyroid Carcinoma (PTC) is a malignant epithelial tumour. It is the most common form of thyroid cancer. Several variants have been described like classic, follicular, tall cell, diffuse sclerosing, papillary microcarcinoma and others. Aim: To study the variants of PTC and to evaluate the presence of associated disorders. Materials and Methods: Total of 41 cases of PTC were studied retrospectively from January 2016 to December 2018 in the Department of Pathology, Kempegowda Institute of Medical Sciences, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India. Demographic data and clinical findings were retrieved from case files. The histopathological slides were studied and the results were analysed using Fischer's-exact test using R (Robert Gentleman and Ross Ihaka) statistical Software version 4.0.0. Results: Total data of 41 cases of PTC was collected and analysed. The patient age range between 20 to 70 years with mean age of 47 years. Female preponderance was noted. Among 41 cases, most were classic variant (31, 75.6%) followed by follicular variant (6, 14.6%), papillary microcarcinoma (3, 7.31%) and diffuse sclerosing variant (1, 2.4%). Multinodular goiter was associated with 8 cases of PTC and Hashimoto's thyroiditis was associated with 5 cases of PTC. Among 13 cases of associated disorders, only 6 had preoperative diagnosis of PTC and remaining 7 cases were diagnosed on histopathological examination. Conclusion: Classic variant is the most common type of PTC. All thyroidectomies done for multinodular goiter and Hashimoto's thyroiditis should be screened thoroughly for PTC especially microcarcinoma. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The rare situation of thyroid stone is discussed with literature review and case report. A case of isolated solitary stone of the thyroid is documented here. There are incidences of calcification in the thyroid gland commonly associated with carcinoma thyroid and multinodular goiter. But solitary stone of thyroid is reported rarely and one such case is reported from India. The possibility of malignancy is high, in case of calcification of thyroid swellings. Hence, isolated calcification should be surgically treated even if fine needle aspiration cytology is negative for malignancy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]