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Aims: Obesity is known to be associated with cardiovascular disease and interaction between inflammation and insulin resistance is reported to enhance the cardiovascular risk in these subjects. The present study was designed to assess indices of insulin sensitivity, insulin resistance and sialic acid levels and their association in non-diabetic normotensives obese subjects., Materials and Methods: The present study was conducted in 30 obese male subjects and results were compared with 30 subjects with normal body weight. Insulin, total sialic acid and protein bound sialic acid were estimated in all the subjects. Insulin resistance was calculated by using Homeostatic Model Assessment-insulin resistance formula. Insulin sensitivity was assessed by quantitative insulin check index and insulin sensitivity index., Results: Insulin resistance, serum total and protein bound sialic acid levels were significantly increased in obese cases as compared to non-obese controls. Total sialic acid showed significant positive correlation with HOMA-IR (p<0.01), BMI (p<0.01), waist and hip circumference (p<0.01) and negative correlation with QUICKI (p<0.01) and insulin sensitivity index (p=0.018). There was no significant correlation between protein bound sialic acid and indices of insulin resistance and insulin sensitivity., Conclusion: Sialic acid levels are elevated in obese subjects and its association with insulin resistance and reduced insulin sensitivity may enhance the cardiovascular risk in these subjects., (Copyright © 2013 Diabetes India. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.)

Objective: The objective of this study is to assess the association of blood and urinary oxidative stress parameters and inflammatory markers in women with gestational hypertension and preeclampsia., Design and Methods: Malondialdehyde, protein bound sialic acid and C-reactive protein were estimated in serum and urine of pregnant women diagnosed with preeclampsia (n=30) and gestational hypertension (n=30) and the results were compared with 30 normal pregnant women., Results: Whole blood glutathione level was reduced, and malondialdehyde and C-reactive protein levels were significantly higher and correlated with each other in preeclampsia (p<0.05). Urinary malondialdehyde significantly correlated with urinary protein bound sialic acid in preeclampsia (r=0.412; p=0.02). Receiver operating curve analysis of serum protein bound sialic acid and serum malondialdehyde showed reasonable cutoff values for the differential diagnosis of preeclampsia., Conclusions: Oxidative stress and inflammatory response are greater in women with preeclampsia in comparison to pregnant women with gestational hypertension and there is an association between oxidative stress and inflammatory response., (Copyright © 2012 The Canadian Society of Clinical Chemists. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.)

The aim of this study was to examine the possible alteration in the levels of C-reactive protein, protein-bound sialic acid, and other lipid risk factors in newly diagnosed essential hypertensive subjects. In all, 56 hypertensive and 33 normotensive male subjects were enrolled in the study. Lipid profile, C-reactive protein, apolipoprotein-B, and protein-bound sialic acid were estimated in both the groups. Total cholesterol, triglyceride, low-density lipoprotein-cholesterol, C-reactive protein, apolipoprotein-B, and protein-bound sialic acid were significantly increased in patients with essential hypertension. Correlation analysis revealed a significant association between the protein-bound sialic acid with mean arterial pressure, C-reactive protein, and low-density lipoprotein-cholesterol. The findings of the present study suggest that in essential hypertension there is an association between protein-bound sialic acid and C-reactive protein, which reflects the clustering of cardiovascular risk factors in these patients.

The study was undertaken to determine the sialic acid concentration of cervical tissue and serum of women with healthy and unhealthy cervix. The sialic acid value in local tissue of cervix and in serum showed slight elevation in benign inflammatory lesions, moderate elevation was found in severe dysplasia and preinvasive carcinoma and marked elevation in invasive carcinoma cervix. The values, both in the serum and in the cervical tissue, increased gradually with the advancement of grading of frank malignancy. The elevation of sialic acid in the serum was slow to start with but persisted for a longer period, wereas the concentration in local tissue was found to be increasing with the pathological process.

Background: Plasma sialic acid is a marker of the acute phase response. Objective is to study the relationship between sialic acid relationship with metabolic variables in Indian type 2 diabetes with and without microvascular complications., Research Design and Methods: Fasting Venous blood samples were taken from 200 subjects of which 50 were of diabetes mellitus (DM) and nephropathy patients, 50 patients with type 2 diabetes and retinopathy, 50 patients with type 2 diabetes without any complications and 50 healthy individuals without diabetes. The Indian subject's aged 15-60 years with type 2 diabetes were recruited for the study. Simultaneously urine samples were also collected from each of the subjects. All the blood samples were analyzed for total cholesterol, triglyceride (TG), low-density lipoprotein (LDL), high-density lipoprotein (HDL), fasting and postprandial glucose on fully automated analyzer. Serum and urine sialic acid along with microalbumin levels were also estimated., Results: There was a significantly increasing trend of plasma and urine sialic acid with severity of nephropathy (P < 0.001) and with degree of urinary albumin excretion (P < 0.001). Serum sialic acid correlated with increasing serum creatinine concentration (P < 0.001). Elevated serum sialic acid concentrations were also associated with several risk factors for diabetic vascular disease: diabetes duration, HbA1c, serum triglyceride and cholesterol concentrations, waist-to-hip ratio and hypertension. Significant correlations were found between sialic acid concentration and cardiovascular risk factors like LDL and TG in the diabetic subjects., Conclusion: The main finding of this study is that elevated serum and urinary sialic acid and microalbumin concentrations were strongly related to the presence of microvascular complications like diabetic nephropathy and retinopathy and cardiovascular risk factors in Indian type 2 diabetic subjects. Further study of acute-phase response markers and mediators as indicators or predictors of diabetic microvascular complications is therefore justified.

Serum total sialic acid (TSA) has recently been reported as a cardiovascular risk factor, but whether there are racial differences is not known. One hundred and twenty-four healthy young subjects (62 women and 62 men) were studied. Their age was 20.7 [0.9] years and they were matched for body mass index (BMI). Sixty-eight were of South Asian origin (37 women and 31 men) and 56 (25 women and 31 men) were European. Mean (SD) serum TSA was significantly higher in the South Asian men than the age-matched European men (74.3 [12.3] mg/dL versus 68.2 [13.0] mg/dL, P = 0.0198). In addition, serum TSA was significantly higher in South Asian women compared with European men (71.6 [8.9] mg/dL versus 68.2 [13.0] mg/dL, P = 0.0352). Finally, serum TSA was significantly higher in European women compared with European men (76.0 [13.1] mg/dL versus 69.2 [13.0] mg/dL, P = 0.008). We conclude that serum TSA may be worth measuring in different racial groups and also may be useful to assess individuals at risk of cardiovascular disease. Large prospective studies may help to explain why serum TSA is a reputed cardiovascular risk factor and shows racial differences.