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Purpose: To estimate the prevalence of various ocular morbidities in school children (5-15 years) utilizing a comprehensive mobile eye unit in Central India., Methods: A prospective, cross-sectional, school-based observational study was carried out in Raipur, Chhattisgarh, India between December 2017 and September 2018. A total of 1557 eligible school-going children in the age group 5-15 years were evaluated. Random sampling was done to allocate schools (n = 29) and children from various urban and rural (836 vs 721) schools. The primary objective was to estimate the prevalence of ocular morbidities in school-going children in Raipur district, India. The secondary objective was to analyze whether geographical location (rural vs urban), age group, and gender led to any differences in ocular morbidity patterns., Results: The mean age of the study population was 10.3 ± 2.4 years. There were 691 (44.4%) boys and 866 (55.6%) girls. Ocular morbidity was present in a total of 331 (21.2%) children. Vitamin A deficiency was the most common cause of ocular morbidity, noted in 156 (10%) children, followed by refractive error (81, 5.2%). Myopia was significantly higher in urban school children (4.3%) compared to rural children (1.9%) (P = 0.002). The older age group had a higher prevalence (7.6%) of refractive error, especially myopia, compared to the younger age group (2.2%) (P < 0.001)., Conclusion: Vitamin A deficiency prevalence was much higher indicating missed opportunities for vitamin A supplementation at a younger age. Refractive error was more prevalent in the urban population as well in the older age group (11-15 years), indicating a need for frequent eye screening., Competing Interests: None

Purpose: Convergence insufficiency (CI) is a common binocular vision disorder. However, there is a lack of consensus regarding the treatment most appropriate for CI. The aim of the study was to investigate the treatment for CI by surveying the ophthalmologists regarding the most common treatment modalities used in India., Materials and Methods: Four hundred questionnaires were distributed amongst ophthalmologists attending different sessions of the Delhi Ophthalmological Society annual conference held in April 2007. Two hundred and three ophthalmologists responded (response rate 50.75%). The responders included 109 private practitioners, 57 consultants attached to teaching institutes and 37 residents., Results: The majority of ophthalmologists (66.7%) claimed encountering > 5% outpatient department patients with CI. Pencil push-ups therapy (PPT) was the most common first line of treatment offered by ophthalmologists (79%) followed by synoptophore exercises (18%). Only 3% referred the patients to optometrists. Thirty per cent ophthalmologists claimed good results with PPT, which was significantly higher in private practitioners (35%). Only 26% ophthalmologists explained physiological diplopia to patients on a regular basis and reported significantly higher percentage of patients (46.3%) with good results. Only 12.3% ophthalmologists needed to refer > 30% patients for synoptophore exercises. For failure of PPT 86.7% considered lack of compliance as the major reason as perceived by ophthalmologists., Conclusions: This survey suggested that most ophthalmic practitioners prescribed PPT as the initial treatment for CI and had satisfactory results with PPT. The majority of the practitioners did not explain to the patient about physiological diplopia. Explaining physiological diplopia may improve outcome, as perceived from the survey.