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To compare the changes in outcomes of balance and postural control after balance training exercise and gaze stability exercise in the elderly population with fall risk. After the screening process, 44 subjects were randomized into three groups: Experimental Group A (Balance training exercises, BTE); Experimental Group B (Gaze stability exercises, GSE), and Control Group C (Fall prevention education only). The outcome measures were center of pressure (COP) range, COP sway, reaction time, proprioception, static balance, Clinical Test for Sensory Interaction in Balance (CTSIB), and Short Falls Efficacy Scale (SFES). The pre and post-data were recorded at baseline and after 8 weeks. The normality of the distribution was assessed using the Shapiro-Wilk test. Demographic data and baseline measures were compared using one-way ANOVA considering group as between factor and mixed model ANOVA was used to find out the group effect and time effect and time × group interaction effect. Statistical significance was indicated if p ≤ 0.05. GSE had significant changes only in CTSIB 4 whereas BTE had significant changes in CTSIB 4, 5, and 6. COP range showed a significant time effect in the front direction (p = 0.02). For proprioception, there was a significant time effect in the left (p = 0.018) and right direction (p = 0.005), whereas changes in front and back directions were found to be insignificant. SFES showed a significant time effect (p < 0.001), group effect (p = 0.21), and time × group interaction effect (p < 0.001). Balance training exercises may be a more effective form of intervention to improve balance and postural control in the elderly population. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

To determine the relationship of dual-task-dynamic-balance with the risk-of-fall and gait-parameters in fallers and non-fallers elderly. After signing written informed consent, participants were assessed for dual-task-dynamic-balance [dual timed up and go (TUG) test (DTT)+ cognitive stops (CS) and DTT + CS + cognitive errors (CE)], risk-of-fall [berg balance scale], and gait-parameters [footprint method of gait analysis]. A significant difference was found between fallers and non-fallers for the variables falls in the previous 12 months, mini-mental state examination (MMSE), DTT + CS + CE, and walking speed. A significant moderate to strong negative correlation was found between dual task dynamic balance (DTT + CS and DTT + CS + CE), risk-of-fall and few gait-parameters in elderly fallers. The study emphasizes the importance of maintaining dynamic-balance and performing dual-tasks to prevent falls in elderly individuals, suggesting that interventions targeting both cognitive and motor aspects can be beneficial in reducing fall-risk. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Guillain-Barre syndrome (GBS) is a debilitating condition characterized by acute or sub-acute autoimmune inflammation affecting the peripheral nervous system. One of its most common residual defects is bilateral foot drop, significantly impairing balance, and functional independence. This article investigates the efficacy of balance training in patients with bilateral foot drop post-GBS. The study, conducted on 18 patients, aimed to assess the impact of balance exercises, including Swiss ball and wobble board exercises, over three weeks. Baseline assessments were conducted using the Berg Balance Scale, Functional Independence Measure, and Hughes GBS Disability Scale. Results showed significant improvements in balance, functional independence, and disability scores post-intervention. GBS typically presents with pain, weakness, paresthesia, and decreased reflexes, leading to various functional limitations. Rehabilitation strategies must address these challenges early on, emphasizing posture, range of motion, and muscle strength to prevent contractures and improve function. Correcting foot drop is crucial for restoring functional capacity and independence. Balance is a key aspect of functional recovery in GBS patients, as it affects mobility and reduces the risk of falls. Balance training targets proprioception, muscle strength, and coordination, facilitating improvements in postural control and gait. The study's findings suggest that balance training effectively enhances outcomes for individuals with bilateral foot drop post-GBS. However, it is essential to consider the self-limiting nature of the disease and the potential for spontaneous improvement over time. Long-term follow-up studies are warranted to evaluate the sustained benefits of balance training and the natural course of recovery in GBS patients. The article underscores the multidisciplinary approach required for GBS rehabilitation, involving physiotherapy, neurology, and other healthcare professionals. By addressing the complex impairments associated with GBS, tailored rehabilitation programs can optimize functional outcomes and improve the quality of life for affected individuals. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

BACKGROUND: Smartphones are a technical marvel that rapidly evolved to play an important role in our lives. One downside to smartphone use is that it significantly worsens posture. It is believed that using a smartphone while walking increases the risk of cognitive decline and the loss of dynamic balance needed to perform functional tasks. OBJECTIVE: The objective of the study was to determine the impact of smartphone usage on dynamic postural control among South Indian college students. METHODS: The study was carried out in a private college with 400 invited students through online social media platforms. The four-square step test and SAS-SV were used to determine the impact of smartphone usage on dynamic postural control. The students were informed about the study process. A total of 250 participants were included based on the inclusion criteria. RESULTS: There was a high percentage of agreement on smartphone usage on dynamic postural control measured with SAS-SV, revealing statistical significance with a mean value of 41.532 and SD of 10.010886. The four-square step test with a mean value of 22.5 and SD of 1.8995878 also proved significant impact. A positive correlation was found between smartphone usage and dynamic postural control, which was analysed using Pearson's correlation coefficient of 0.90130. CONCLUSION: A significant correlation was noted between mobile usage and dynamic balance. Smartphones can have a negative impact on dynamic balance by distracting users from their surroundings and increase the risk of falls. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background and Aim: Postural stability is monitored by a circuitous system, particularly visual perception, vestibular apparatus, and somatosensory organs. The ability to maintain balance is significantly compromised in children with visual impairment and has higher risks of falls than the normal sighted children. Children with visual disability reported delayed motor dexterity such as eye-hand coordination, gross and fine motor control involving struggle in gait procurement and postural control. Vestibular rehabilitation is the relevant therapy to restitute for maintaining postural control in the absence of visual information. This study aimed to find the effect of vestibular rehabilitation on postural stability in children with visual impairment. Methods: A quasi-experimental study was done in pre and post-test type design on 30 boys in the age group of 7-16 years' children with visual impairment. Vestibular rehabilitation therapy was used as the exercise protocol to improve functional balance and reduction of falls in children with visual impairment for six weeks. Results: Statistical analysis was done between pre-test and post-test readings with SPSS 20 and there is a significant difference between the pre-test and post-test of total score and individual scores of Pediatric Balance Scale (PBS) after the intervention, since (p<0.05). Conclusion: Vestibular rehabilitation therapy improved the capability of postural controlling and reduces the risk of falls to an extent in children with visual impairment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: OA risk rises significantly with age and is incredibly uncommon in anyone under the age of 30. Female sex, obesity, past joint damage (such as an ankle fracture or knee ligament rupture), atypical joint anatomy, and having family members with OA all raise the risk of getting the condition. It has now become necessary to monitor the progress of the individual with the treatment given. Aim: To track the progression of the ailment using unique fitness and Fitmust devices. Objective: To find out the percentage of progress the participant did in each of the parameters, to find any corelation within the parameters. Results: Wearables and a handheld dynamometer were used to calculate and significant findings were seen over the course of four months in addition to physiotherapy activities. Conclusion: Wearables and artificial intelligence have made it simple for patients and therapists to monitor progress and recovery. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Intellectual disability (ID) is a public health challenge affecting communities worldwide. ID is characterized by impaired physical and cognitive functioning and less engaged in physical activities. The objective of this study was to assess the impact of adaptive yoga practices on cognitive and motor abilities in the subjects with ID. Sixty-six subjects with mild and moderate IDs were purposively selected and randomly divided into experimental and control groups, with 33 subjects in each group. One month of adaptive yoga module was provided to the experimental group. To assess the impact of the yoga intervention, Functional Reach Test (FRT), Wall Toss Test (WTT), Finger Tapping Test (FTT), Sit-- Reach Test (SRT), and Six Letter Cancellation Test (SLCT) were administered. The experimental group showed a statistically significant improvement with P < 0.05 across all the parameters, whereas the control group could not observe a significant improvement. Based on the results, this study concludes that "one month of adaptive yoga module" delivered impact and helped to improve the dynamic balance, eye--hand coordination, neuro-motor function, spinal flexibility, and selective attention in ID-afflicted subjects. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Stroke is a leading cause of long-term disability worldwide, resulting in significant physical impairments, including hemiparesis and loss of motor control. Rehabilitation plays a crucial role in aiding stroke patients' recovery, and various approaches have been used to improve their functional abilities. Two widely practiced methods are Proprioceptive Neuromuscular Facilitation (PNF) exercises and focused regimen programs. Purpose: To compare the effectiveness of PNF exercises and focused regimen programs in improving motor function, mobility and quality of life in stroke patients. Materials and Methods: The total of 30 subjects with acute stroke were taken from Saicharan physio Center- Arakkonam. The subjects are selected based on inclusion and exclusion criteria The intervention was given for 6 weeks. The entire process was performed from November 2022 to February 2023. Result: According to the statistical analysis, PNF exercises revealed significant in improving both balance and quality of life measures for acute stroke patients compared to focused regimen program. Conclusion: This study finally concluded that the PNF exercises has a high impact in improving both balance and may enhance neuroplasticity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Exercises including plyometrics can boost lower extremity strength. According to a different study, teenage badminton players' dynamic balance, endurance, and agility are improved after 6 weeks of core training. The development of core muscles may improve athletic performance. Objective: To evaluate the effectiveness of core stability exercise and plyometrics balance and agility in badminton players in terms of pain using Illinois test and Star Excursion Balance Test. Methodology: It is an experimental study with random sampling technique. Sample size consists of 30 members in total where they are split randomly into 2 groups (15 in each group). Players in Group A received Core strengthening training in addition which includes Leg-up. Similarly Group B received Plyometrics training along with Leg up. Exercises to calm down were performed at the end of the session. Both the groups received intervention for 30 minutes thrice a week for 6 consecutive weeks. Results: According to the intra-group analysis, treatments A and B are equally successful in lowering the Agility Score and raising nearly all of the SEBT scores for the left and right legs, with the exception of the medial and lateral scores for the left leg. The results of the inter-group analysis revealed that Treatment B is more successful than Treatment A in terms of mean Agility Score decrease, whereas Treatment A is more effective than Treatment B in terms of mean Anterior scores for the right Leg improvement. With the exception of Agility and the anterior score for the right leg, both treatments were shown to be equally effective across the board. Conclusion: When compared to Core Stability Exercise, plyometrics help badminton players become more agile and balanced. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: The background of the study is the incidence of vestibular dysfunction among stroke subjects which indirectly affects the balance function and early recovery of daily activities like sitting, standing and walking. Purpose: The main objective of this study is to investigate the vestibular dysfunction using Vestibular evoked myogenic potential (VEMP) and efficiency of Transcutaneous auricular vagal nerve (TaVNS) stimulation among Middle cerebral artery (MCA) stroke survivors. Method: Thirty subjects were randomly assigned into one of two groups: Group A (Transcutaneous auricular vagal nerve stimulation with conventional stroke rehabilitation) and Group B (conventional stroke rehabilitation and epley's maneuver). The pre-test measures of vestibular function were assessed by VEMP (an electrophysiological diagnostic tool). The intervention group received Transcutaneous auricular vagal nerve stimulation for 30 minutes, and a single session per day for 4 weeks along with conventional stroke rehabilitation whereas the control group received Epley's maneuver exercises along with conventional stroke rehabilitative exercises for 60 minutes, 6 days/week, and a single session per day for 4 weeks. The same VEMP test was measured after 4 weeks of treatment as post-test values. Result: The pre and post-test values were significantly different between group A and group B (p ≥ 0.001) indicating that TaVNS has a major impact on recovery of vestibular dysfunction among stroke participants. Conclusion: The transcutaneous auricular vagal nerve stimulation is found effective for improving the vestibular function and balance. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: In Parkinson's disease (PD) patients fear of falling, independence in day-to-day activities, and functional balance are interconnected. These impairments can significantly limit functionality and lead to disability, increasing the risk of falling by 46%. Falls can result in severe injuries and reduced quality of life. Purpose: The main purpose of this study was to examine the effects of task-specific training on the functional balance and Activities of Daily Living (ADL) in individuals diagnosed with PD. Materials and Method: 10 patients of the both genders who had idiopathic PD ranged from Stage I to III on the Hoehn & Yahr (H&Y) scale. Participants received task specific training for three days a week on alternate days for 8 weeks. The Unified Parkinson's Disease Rating Scale (UPDRS) parts II, Berg Balance Scale (BBS), and Activities-specific Balance Confidence (ABC) Scale were used as outcome measures. The data was tabulated and analysed using sigma plot software. Results: The results showed significant improvement in functional balance on BBS from 45.60±2.36 to 50.40±1.95, ADL on UPDRS part II from 22.50±1.95 to 16.70±1.63, balance confident on ABC scale from 68.12±2.20 to 78.24±2.61 at the end of 8 weeks, with a p-value of < 0.01. Conclusion: The study concludes that the task specific training significantly improves functional balance, independence in ADL and reduces fear of fall among PD patients. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: People with diabetes have 10 to 30 times higher risk of lower limb amputation than people without the disease. 85% of non-traumatic amputations in diabetic patients begin with a foot ulcer. Therefore, early intervention is necessary to control the symptoms of diabetic peripheral neuropathy and improve balance. Resistance and aerobic training reduce diabetic symptoms by lowering HbA1C levels. In order to restore functional sensibility, improve adaptive functioning, and improve balance, sensory re-education and aerobics are combined. Therefore, the aim of this study is to find out the effect of Sensory re-education and aerobics on sensation and balance among diabetic peripheral neuropathy patients. Purpose: The Purpose of the study is to determine the effects of sensory re-education with aerobic training on sensory perception and balance in Diabetic peripheral neuropathy patients. Material and Method: This study included diabetic individuals of both genders between the ages of 45-60, low PAR-Q risk scores and Toronto clinical neuropathy scores (TCNS) between 6 and 11. A total of 20 participants were randomly selected and received sensory re-education with aerobics for six weeks. Results: Individuals with diabetic peripheral neuropathy experienced statistically significant improvement in TCNS from 9.3±1.25 to 4.5± 1.3, in BBS 48.5 ± 2.70 to 41.7±1.41, in TUG 8.12±1.28 to 6.95 ±1.30, with a P value of < 0.01. Conclusion: Sensory re-education with aerobic training for 6 weeks of duration reported improvement in sensory perception and balance among people with diabetic peripheral neuropathy patients. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Stroke has such a significant socioeconomic impact worldwide. Stroke is gaining ground in terms of public awareness, patient and carer knowledge, service improvements, and research. Purpose: The aim of the study is to determine the effectiveness of task-oriented exercise on lower limb in post stroke patients with lateral medullary syndrome. Result: Comparing the outcomes of the FIM and BBS pre- and post-tests, there is a positive change seen in all the 10 participants after giving a task-oriented approach as a treatment. The post-scores (P<0.05) of FIM have shown a significant difference in all the participants. The post-scores (p>0.05) of BBS also have shown betterment in the balance and reduction of fall risk. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: This study was developed to compare the effect of soft tissue technique with neural mobilization and postural correction with neural mobilization on pain and disability among patients with cervicogenic headache. Purpose: The purpose of the study was to control the pain and impairment related to cervicogenic headache (CGH), this study compares the effectiveness of two interventions: postural correction and soft tissue techniques combined with neural mobilization. Materials and Methods: A sum of 30 participants were recruited, based on the selection criteria from the abovementioned study setting. The procedure was explained, and a written grant was collected from all patients before the initiation of the procedure. The subjects were allocated randomly into 2 groups. The intervention group was given the postural correction exercise along with the neural mobilization and another group was given soft tissue technique along with neural mobilization. Results: The study found that there is a positive impact of postural correction along with neural mobilization on pain reduction and absence of ability that has been connected with cervicogenic headache with a significant value of < 0.0001. Conclusion: The study concluded that Postural correction exercises along with neural mobilization were effective in reducing the individual's discomfort, enhancing the cervical range of motion, and reducing the level of impairment. However, the Headache Impact Test-6 (HIT-6) and Northwick Park Neck Pain Questionnaire (NPAQ) outcome measures for both groups indicated a substantial change in the post-treatment analyses; GROUP A, which received postural correction along with neural mobilization, had more significant changes than the soft tissue technique along with neural mobilization (GROUP B). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Diabetic polyneuropathy (DPN) is relatively common complication of long-term diabetes and is thought to be progressive and irreversible. The loss of sensations associated with Diabetic polyneuropathy is thought to contribute to impaired balance and increased risk of falling. Reduced toe flexor strength is an independent predictor of falls. However, it is unknown whether strengthening programs can restore toe flexor strength in patients with DPN. The aim of this study was to investigate whether a progressive resistance training program, focused specifically on the foot & toe flexor muscles, could improve toe flexor strength in patients with DPN. Methods: A total of 20 patients were allocated into two groups of 10 each. Group A receive 12 sessions of (Conventional physiotherapy & Modified toe training programme) and Group B (Conventional physiotherapy & General toe exercise). Berg balance score (BBS), Fall efficacy scale international (FES-I) & Time up and go test (TUG) were measured on first day (Week 1) and last day (Week 4) of intervention. Pre-test and post-test scores were compared and results were tabulated. Result: Both groups showed significant improvement in balance performance. The Group A showed statistically significant improvement in static & functional balance when compared to Group B. Conclusion:The study demonstrated a significant improvement in balance and functional mobility was seen among Group A. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: India has a higher prevalence of about 20-24%.of people suffering from osteoarthiritis. Due to the load effect, forces between two and three times body weight are transmitted across the knee joint during a normal stride, which accounts for the higher risk of OA.A Qualitative Analysis of Decision-Making for Total Knee Replacement in Patients with Osteoarthritis. A cutting-edge wearable sensor system called Fitknees delivers a complex arrangement of motion sensors that are carefully placed on the lower limb. These sensors outline thorough kinematic data that include gait analysis, muscle strength, knee range of motion, and balance metrics. Objective: Utilizing individualised measurements, using wearable sensors and AI tool to assess preoperative evaluations and postoperative rehabilitation programs. Results: camping between affected and unaffected side with the normative data provided by the AI.Conclusion: advancement in the medical technologies have made it easier for medial professionals to detect and early diagnose the diseases. Plan a better treatment plan with the aid of artificial intelligence to achieve better results. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objectives: Increased depression severity has been linked to cognitive impairment (CI). Importantly, CI is a known risk factor for impaired balance and falls. Therefore, this study aims to explore the relationship between CI and neuromuscular functions and secondarily it aims to find out if CI is a potential predictor for neuromuscular functions deficits in depressed elderly. Methods: Eighty‐four depressed elderly participated in the study. Assessment for CI symptoms were done using Mini Mental Status Examination (MMSE) in subjects having confirmed depression. Neuromuscular functions such as balance confidence, static and dynamic balance, functional mobility, and fall risk were subjectively assessed using Activities‐specific Balance Confidence (ABC) Scale, Berg Balance Scale (BBS), Timed Up and Go (TUG) Test, and Performance Oriented Mobility Assessment (POMA), respectively. Results: Pearson's analysis revealed that there was moderate positive linear‐correlation between MMSE and BBS (R = 0.382, p = <0.001) and between MMSE and ABC (R = 0.229, p = 0.036*). Further, regression analysis (R2) revealed that MMSE significantly predicted the neuromuscular functions using BBS [F(1, 82) = 14.013, p < 0.001, with an R2 of 0.146] and ABC [F(1, 82) = 4.545, p= 0.036*, with an R2 of 0.053]. Conclusion: Results of this study points to an impaired CI as a possible factor in development of neuromuscular function impairment in depressed elderly. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: The functional movement screening (FMS), Flamingo balance, Y balance, and sit and reach tests are the screening tools for fundamental movement patterns, balance, and flexibility, respectively; the latter three tests are components of quantifying fitness levels. Functional movement screening is used to measure the quality of movement, and it is an injury risk predictor. There are several studies done to find the correlation between functional movement screening and fitness parameters in athletes but has not been studied much in non-athlete population. The aim of this study is to determine the correlation between functional movement screening with static and dynamic balance and flexibility in healthy adult nonathletes, and to find gender differences, if any. Method: A total of 65 healthy nonathletes in the age group 18 to 27 years were included in the study based on the selection criteria. The functional movement screening, Y-balance test, Flamingo balance test, and sit and reach test were done for all participants. Results: Pearson's correlation was used to analyze the collected data. The results indicated a poor correlation between FMS and fitness parameters. These are FMS and Y-balance test left and right side (r = 0.216, 0.144, p = 0.084, 0.251), FMS with Flamingo balance test left and right side (r = 0.071, 0.197 p = 0.575, 0.115), and FMS with sit and reach test (r = 0.006, p = 0.961). Conclusion: The results showed that functional movement screening and balance (Flamingo and Y balance) and sit and reach cannot be used interchangeably as they do not have any strong correlation. The results of the study also indicate that using only one of the tools cannot predict injury risk in healthy individuals. They have to be used in conjunction with each other. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: A state of physical and mental well-being affects posture through energy and balance. A sedentary lifestyle can lead to poor postural habits in children, putting them at risk for adverse health effects. This study attempts to demonstrate that yoga can prevent and correct postural alterations in childhood, the most crucial time for musculoskeletal development. Materials and Methods: This was a two-group prepost study. A Randomized control trial with two arms was conducted. Based on the selection criteria, 200 students between 10 and 15 years were randomized into yoga and wait-list control (WLC) groups. For 3 months, the yoga group participated in a yoga program, while the WLC group engaged in routine activities. Physiological and psychological health assessments such as body posture (PostureScreen), Harvard step test (HST), physical activity questionnaire for older children (PAQ-C), patient health questionnaire (PHQ), body mass index (BMI), digit span test, emotion regulation questionnaire for children and adolescents (ERQ-CA), adolescent stress questionnaire, academic performance, and Vedic Personality Inventory (VPI) were collected before and after the 3-month study. Results: Five out of eight posture displacement parameters and physiological parameters (HST, PHQ, and BMI) were statistically significant (P < 0.05) in the posttest between-group comparison. There was a significant mean difference between groups for all psychological parameters except VPI-Sattva. Anterior and posterior displacements were significantly correlated to ERQ-CA, VPI-Rajas, and Sattva. Anterior translations and left and right lateral angulations were correlated to BMI, PAQ-C, and PHQ, respectively. Conclusion: The present study concludes that regular yoga practice from an early age can help establish a healthy posture. Body posture is shaped to a certain extent by underlying physical and emotional conditions affecting activities of daily living. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Stroke is the leading cause of long-term disability and death, and the second leading cause of death worldwide. The first month after a stroke is a vital period since the brain goes through major plastic changes during this time. Motor learning studies emphasize the significance of experience and learning in functional rehabilitation. Because training is a potent stimulator of neuroplasticity, the addition of a focused rehabilitation strategy can improve recovery by maximizing brain reconfiguration. Backward Walking Training (BWT) is an adjuvant therapeutic and rehabilitation method to improve proprioception, muscle strength, intra-limb coordination, and balance. Studies examining its effects on balance and weight bearing asymmetry are lacking. Objective: To determine the effect of BWT on balance and weight bearing asymmetry in sub acute stroke subjects. Results: The difference between the pre- and post-test results within the group for balance on Berg Balance Scale (BBS) as well as the weight on the affected and unaffected Lower Limb (LL) on the Body Weighing Machine (BWM) are both deemed to be significant for paired T-Test. According to conventional standards, when comparing pre- and post-test results for balance and the difference in weight between the two groups for the affected and unaffected Lower Limb (LL) on the BWM for the experimental and control groups using Unpaired T-Test, it can be inferred that the difference is statistically significant. Conclusions: When combined with conventional physiotherapy as opposed to conventional physiotherapy alone, backwards gait training has a modestly greater impact on balance and weight bearing asymmetry. Berg balance score and weight bearing asymmetry can both be improved in stroke patients using BWT as an addition to standard care (moderate evidence). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The purpose of the study was to determine the effecctiveness of STRATEGY TRAINING VS PNF TECHNIQUES TO IMPROVE BALANCE IN SUBJECTS WITH PARKINSON'S DISEASE 30 patients according to the inclusion and exclusion criteria were selected and were assigned into 2 groups by random allocation. Group-A(strategy training) Group-B (pnf technique exercises) consists of 15 patients in each group. Prior to the starting of the intervention program pre assessment was done by using outcome measures of berg balance scale, time up and go test, unified parkinson disease rating scale for both the groups Intervention program for 4 weeks. After the 4 weeks intervention post test assessment was taken by using outcome measures of berg balance scale, time up and go test, unified parkinson disease rating scale. Statistical analysis of the data showed Both the groups A and B showed significant difference from pre to post intervention. But on comparing mean values of Group A & B, Group A showed more improvement than GroupB This findings suggest that strategy training combined with conventional training program is more effective in improving balance dysfunction in parkinson's patients. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background and Aim: As gymnast required good flexibility, therefore they are trained accordingly by overstretching and creating overstressed on joints, muscles and tendons which eventually end up in loss of control on joint motion and lead to excessive range of motion. The purpose of this study is to find out the correlation between flexibility of the muscles and balance in young gymnast. Materials and Methods: Total 123 elite gymnast, age group (10-18) years, females and males. Selected using convenient sampling method. Permission was taken from institutional ethical committee for the cross-sectional study design. Demographic data was collected followed by assessment. Stork balance test it is used for static balance and Lower quarter "Y" balance test used for dynamic balance. As well Joint hypermobility was assessed using Beighton 9-point scoring system. Data was processed using the excel (version 16) basic parameters were calculated: arithmetic mean and statistical analysis (Pearson correlation) was used to correlate. Results: 74 gymnasts were selected according to inclusive criteria out of which 75% female (n = 56) and 24% male (n = 18). The data was divided according to gender, and type of sports. Result derived that correlation coefficient between Beighton and stork test and between Beighton and Y balance in females playing rhythmic gymnastics is (r = 0.1) and (r = 0.05), and for males playing artistic gymnastics is (r = -0.23) for both tests. Conclusion: In present study, positive correlation coefficient was found in females playing rhythmic gymnast while negative correlation was found in male playing artistic gymnasts related to hypermobility and balance. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Sarcopenia is a geriatric syndrome characterized by progressive and generalized loss of muscle mass and function. Sarcopenia constitutes a major health problem affecting millions of older adults around the world specially in countries like India where older population is too large. In India, one of the developing county there are none of the studies investigating the association of Sarcopenia with physical performance and Quality of Life where there is substantial growth in the aging population. Our study aims to explore association of Sarcopenia with physical performance and quality of life in older adults. Method: It is an observational study. A sample size of 280 older adults of aged 60 or 60+year were taken from old age homes. Convenient sampling method was used. Sarcopenia was diagnosed using SARC-CalF and jamar handheld dynamometer using Asian working group of sarcopenia criteria. Physical performance was measured using short physical performance battery and quality of life were assessed using SarQoL questionnaire. Result: 200 older adults were diagnosed with sarcopenia, their physical performance and quality of life were assessed, results of which suggested that 86% of older adults diagnosed with sarcopenia has a poor physical performance and quality of life overall score (mean) of SarQoL was 56.05, among the domains, Leisure activities had the lowest quality of life scores and fears were the highest. When analysed for a correlation between SARCCALF and SPPB and SARC-CALF and SARQOL overall score, the results of which demonstrate that there was no correlation between them. Conclusion: Results of the study provide evidence that older adults with Sarcopenia are likely to have poor physical performance and their quality of life is compromised. Study showed that there is no correlation of Sarcopenia with physical performance and quality of life. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Core Stability is the capacity to regulate the position and motion of the trunk over the pelvis for optimal force production, transmission, and motion control to the terminal segment during integrated sports activities. Obesity is linked to a number of debilitating musculoskeletal diseases in adults. The Foot Posture Index can be used to assess deviations in foot posture alignment, such as pronation and supination. Various studies were conducted to determine the impact of Body Mass Index on core stability and foot posture alignment in non-athletic males aged between 22 and 27 years. As a result, the current study is determining the impact of Body Mass Index on core stability and foot posture types in male and female participants of the age group (18 to 25 years). Materials and Methods: In this Observational study A total 100 samples were taken based on the inclusion and exclusion criteria which were categorized into two groups. Group A -50 male subjects, Group B - 50 female subjects. Foot Posture Index-6 was used to assess foot. Normal foot, Pronated and supinated foot type during static foot posture was obtained by Foot Posture index. Core Stability was checked by prone plank test. Conclusion: According to this study, both Men and Women are more likely to acquire pronated feet when their weight increases. In females, the likelihood of having a flat foot and a pronated foot type increases as the weight increases, especially those who are belonging to overweight and obese category of Body Mass Index. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Context: Chronic low back pain is a common musculoskeletal condition in the community. According to fear-avoidance beliefs model, the anticipation of increased pain or reinjury further evokes the avoidance behavior causing disability. Aim: The study aimed to correlate fear-avoidance beliefs with dynamic balance, functional performance, and disability in chronic low back pain patients. Settings and Design: A cross-sectional study was conducted in 75 chronic low back pain patients in a tertiary care hospital. Subjects and Methods: Pain, fear-avoidance beliefs, dynamic balance, and disability were assessed in chronic low back pain patients. Pain was evaluated using the numerical pain rating scale, fear avoidance using the fear-avoidance belief questionnaire (FABQ), disability using the Roland–Morris disability questionnaire, dynamic balance using the MiniBest test, and functional performance using the Back Performance Scale. Statistical Analysis Used: Statistical measures such as median and interquartile ranges were calculated. The Spearman's correlation test was used. Results: There was a low correlation between FABQ and pain (r = 0.431, P = 0.000), dynamic balance (r = −0.425, P = 0.000), and functional performance (r = 0.482, P = 0.000) and moderate positive correlation with disability (rs = 0.538, P = 0.000) in chronic low back pain patients. Conclusions: Fear-avoidance beliefs are significantly associated with pain, dynamic balance, functional performance, and disability in chronic low back pain patients. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: In older population, the incidence of fall is high and balance disorder is one of the high-risk factors in them. Falls may result in various drastic episodes. Due to fear of fall the older people tends to be more immobile and stay indoors, hence their physical activities are reduced. one of the religious physical activities in muslims are salah. Salah is a form of slow and moderate exercise. This research aims to examine the impactof regular salah practice on balance & fall prevention among community dwelling elderly population. Methods: A case control study is carried out in sample size of 162 community dwellingelderly. The assessment of balance is done with berg balance scale, fear of fall with fallefficacy scale respectively. the statistical analysis is done with spss.v.20. Conclusion: The result of the present study supports the assumption that religious prayers(such as Islamic prayers) beneficially influence human performance, particularly balanceand also prevents falls in elderly population. Therefore, any exercise protocol proven to be beneficial to humans should be consider beyond its religious aspect. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Context: Aging involves an overall deterioration of sensory functions, affecting the coordinated behavior, and suggesting a decline in the quality of afferent information from the periphery. Extra mental effort is required for the control of these movements and performing complex tasks requiring control of balance. Aim: The research was undertaken to determine the correlation between interlimb coordination with dynamic balance and cognition in geriatrics. Setting and Design: Cross-sectional study was done on geriatric people from Rehabilitation Center, Jamia Hamdard, Delhi. Subjects and Methods: A total of 35 healthy geriatrics were recruited from South Delhi by convenience sampling, based on the inclusion criteria of the study. Ethical approval was obtained from the ethics committee of the university and signed informed consent was obtained before the study. All the participants were assessed for interlimb coordination, dynamic balance, and cognition by Purdue Pegboard Test, Berg balance test, and mini-mental state examination, respectively, at Rehabilitation Center, Jamia Hamdard, Delhi. Statistical Analysis: Statistical analysis for correlation was performed through statistical software IBM SPSS Statistics 21.0 and the Pearson correlation test was used with a significance level set at 0.01. Results: Mean changes revealed the correlation between interlimb coordination and cognition (P = 0.000). Interlimb coordination and balance did not show any correlation (P > 0.01), and there was no adverse event during the study. Conclusion: It was concluded from the study that interlimb coordination is related to cognition and not to dynamic balance in healthy geriatric people. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: This experiential account describes the process and observed impact of including music therapy-informed techniques into community-based rehabilitation for two boys with disabilities in rural India. The aim is to inform other CBR facilitators and grassroots organisations of the potential of including music in CBR. Method: This is reported from the perspective of two experienced CBR programme leaders. While their experiences of integrating music into CBR are narrated, the methods used are reported elsewhere in an accessible format (see in-text for link). The individual cases are part of an international research collaboration between Australian music therapists and Indian CBR facilitators. Results: In the two cases described, music in CBR supported existing physical development goals, and increased motivation and engagement in CBR for the children and their supporting communities. Conclusion and Implications: Online peer-mentoring between music therapists and CBR facilitators can support CBR facilitators to use music in ways that supplement their existing skills. It also offers novel and engaging new ways for them to motivate participation and support development for children with disabilities and their families. CBR facilitators found that they were able to effectively embed music into their CBR work and that doing so enhanced their enjoyment and engagement in CBR. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

To design and test the feasibility of context-specific activities for improving physical activity (PA) levels among Indian adults with stroke. Context-specific activities were developed after a thorough literature search and inputs from five adults with stroke and five experts. Following which 17 adults with stroke were recruited. Participants were asked to choose at least three activities from the list of context-specific activities and to perform them every day for one month. Participants' pre and post-intervention PA levels and quality of life (QoL) were assessed using the physical activity scale for individuals with physical disabilities (PASIPD) and stroke specific quality of life (SSQoL). At the end of the program, participants were also interviewed to explore their experiences with the program. The list of context-specific activities included 45 activities under aerobic, strengthening, and balance domains. Fifteen participants [mean (SD) age 56.94 (9.87)] completed the one-month intervention. Intervention adherence rate was 86.6%. No adverse events were noted, and participants were satisfied with the program. PASIPD and SSQoL (MD − 6.52) scores showed significant improvement post-intervention. Context-specific activities are designed for Indian adults with stroke. Context-specific activities are feasible, safe and help to improve PA and QoL. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: Normative reference scores have not been established for most equilibrium coordination tests. Hence, the aim of the present study was to confirm the feasibility of the methodology and procedures, and limitations, for of large-scale studies establishing normative reference scores for sideways walking, tandem walking, cross-stepping, heel walking and toe walking among children. Material and methods: In this cross-sectional study, 284 children (144 boys and 140 girls) aged 8-15 years were recruited from a senior secondary school to perform five equilibrium coordination tests. The children were asked to perform all tests in a random order, and the time taken in seconds (s) was recorded. The mean values were subjected to statistical analysis. The normality of the data was assessed with the Kolmogorov Smirnov test. The descriptive statistics are presented as geometric mean (GM) and 95% confidence interval (CI). Results: The age, weight, height, and body mass index of the recruited children were 11.1 ± 2.1 years, 37.9 ± 9. kg, 141.3 ± 10.7 cm, and 18.7 ± 3.1 kg/m² respectively. The normative data of the trial for sideways walking, tandem walking, cross stepping, heel walking, and toe walking were 23.7 ± 8.8 s, 37.7 ± 6.7 s, 33.9 ± 11.3 s, 18.6 ± 8.8 s, and 14.5 ± 11.2 s, respectively. Conclusions: The findings indicate that it is feasible to conduct a large-scale study with a larger sample population to allow the data to be generalized to the global population. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Polycystic ovarian syndrome (PCOS) is a common disorder seen in women at their reproductive age with a prevalence rate of 4 to 12%. Diagnosis of hyperandrogenism or chronic anovulation without any adrenal or pituitary conditions can be called as PCOS. Swiss ball exercises are found to be a better alternative which is safe for the joints, and also demands moderate physical exertion without loading joints to stress. A combined aerobic and Swiss ball exercise protocols help in muscle strengthening, preventing loss of lean muscle mass, reducing obesity, and improves disease-related hyperandrogenism and insulin sensitivity in PCOS. Aim & objective of the study: To analyze and understand the effect of swiss ball exercises along with aerobic exercises among college girls with polycystic ovarian syndrome. Data Analysis and Results: This study results shows that there is statistically significant improvement in the variables of Menorrhea Impact Score (MIS) pre and post mean values of 4.99 and 0.99 in subjects with p<0.05. Thus null hypothesis has been rejected and alternate hypothesis has been accepted for this study. Conclusion: The study is concluded that there is statistically significant improvement in Menorrhea Impact Questionnaire score in college girls in and around Madurai with Poly Cystic Ovarian Syndrome after the intervention of Swiss Ball Exercises along with Aerobic Exercises Program for 6 weeks. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background and purpose: Knee osteoarthritis is one of the most prevalent musculoskeletal complaints worldwide. Individuals with knee OA display impairments in knee joint proprioception. Reduced balance function is associated with an increased risk of falling. The aim of this study was to measure the balance between foam and tilt board training among physically active chronic osteoarthritis patients and to compare the effectiveness of balance training using proprioceptive tools like foam and tilt table among physically active chronic osteoarthritis patients. Methods: This study included subjects between the ages of 40-70 years with chronic knee osteoarthritis and a body mass index of 30 and above. Subjects were recruited based on inclusion and exclusion criteria. It was a comparative study with 40 subjects divided into two groups of 20 each. Demographic data and other variables were collected and recorded and measures like VAS, WOMAC, Functional reach test and Berg balance scale were used. Results: The foam balance activity group as well as the wobble board exercise group showed effective improvements clinically after the intervention. Comparison between groups did not show statistically significant improvement is any one over the other but clinically significant improvements were seen more in the wobble board exercise group. Conclusion: The study concludes that the wobble board exercise group subjects showed clinically better improvements in balance and functional abilities when compared to the foam balance activity group subjects. Comparison between both groups did not show statistically significant improvement. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: Balance training refers to a type of exercise or physical activity that focuses on improving an individual’s ability to maintain stability and equilibrium. For those with recurrent balance problems, balance training is a specific method to increase stability and decrease the chance of falls or injury. Aim: To find out the effectiveness of balance training among individuals with chronic ankle instability. Materials and Methods: A literature review with a total of nine randomised controlled trial and one cohort study were included which emphasised on balance training and addressed the treatment of chronic ankle instability. Electronic searches were performed through databases PubMed, Google scholar and Cochrane library were used to acquire the relevant studies from the last 10 years from 2014 to 2024. The keywords like “Balance training”,“Chronic Deepshikha, Postgraduate Student, Department of Physiotherapy, Maharishi Markandeshwar Institute of Physiotherapy and Rehabilitation, Maharishi Markandeshwar (Deemed to be University), Mullana, Ambala, Haryana, India. Simranjeet Kaur, Assistant Professor, Department of Physiotherapy, Maharishi Markandeshwar Institute of Physiotherapy and Rehabilitation, Maharishi Markandeshwar (Deemed to be University), Mullana, Ambala, Haryana, India. Nidhi Sharma, Professor, Department of Physiotherapy, Maharishi Markandeshwar Institute of Physiotherapy and Rehabilitation, Maharishi Markandeshwar (Deemed to be University), Mullana, Ambala, Haryana, India. Balance Training for Improving Equilibrium in Patients with Chronic Ankle Instability: A Literature Review Abstract ID: PG-62 ankle instability”, ‘Equilibrium’ and ‘Posture’ were used. An impartial selection, evaluation and data extraction procedure were carried out by the reviewer. Results: Balance training through physical therapy involved specific treatment plans which aimed at strengthening areas of weakness that led to balance and coordination issues and proven significant results for the management of the chronic ankle instability. Conclusion: Balance training was better treatment for the improvement in the dynamic as well as static balance, gait patterns, functional improvement and postural control in the individuals having chronic ankle instability. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: This study examined the effect of core stability exercises on trunk control, core muscle strength, standing weight-bearing symmetry, and balance confidence of people with chronic stroke. Design : This was an assessor-blinded randomized controlled trial involving 84 ambulatory patients with middle cerebral artery stroke, randomly assigned to three training groups. Two experimental groups practiced core stability exercises either on stable or on unstable support surfaces. In contrast, the control group received standard physiotherapy. All the participants underwent an hour-long training session a day, thrice a week over a 6-wk duration, and followed-up after 12 mos. Trunk Impairment Scale, core muscle strength, weight-bearing asymmetry in standing, and Activities-specific Balance Confidence scale were the outcome measures. Results : Compared with the control group, the two experimental groups demonstrated a significant improvement on all the outcome measures from baseline to posttraining and from baseline to 12-mo follow-up (P < 0.001). The two experimental groups demonstrated no significant difference between them on all the measures (P > 0.05). Conclusions : Core stability exercises on stable and unstable support surfaces are equally beneficial in improving trunk control, core muscle strength, standing weight-bearing symmetry, and balance confidence of ambulatory patients with chronic stroke than the standard physiotherapy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: Bipedalism in humans demanded robust postural control systems to maintain balance and equilibrium during variety of volitional activities. Adaptive learning is a key characteristic of these control systems. Postural control and balance are associated with autonomic changes trying to maintain cardiovascular homeostasis during postural imbalances, which are specifically important in conditions like flat foot. Yoga training could help such cases to achieve better postural balance and autonomic state. Young adolescent girls with flat foot were studied in comparison to normal girls and flat foot boys. Materials and Methods: Sixteen girls and 11 boys with flat foot were subjected to posturography on Wii Balance Board connected wirelessly to PowerLab 15T. Wireless heart rate belt was used to acquire RR intervals. Vrikshasana was chosen as the suitable asana for 4-week training. Displacement of center of pressure (COP) and heart rate variability was analyzed using LabChart pro software before and after yoga training. Results: COP displacement in flat foot subjects is away from the center during erect stance and sway toward sides. Flat foot girls showed significant greater displacements and lesser correction after yoga compared to flat foot boys (P < 0.05). Flat foot girls also showed lesser recovery in LF% and RMSSD after 4-week yoga training. Conclusion: Studying the autonomic changes during voluntary postural imbalance on balance board provide real-time picture of internal state in flat foot individuals. The sympathetic dominance would account for preparedness and adaptation in postural control systems. This state improved with yoga training toward better cardiac vagal tone. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: Ankle sprains are the most common sports injury. Injury to ankle joint causes local as well as distant defects in the central nervous system. The interventions that modulate defects centrally, as well as peripherally, can be of great significance in treating the condition. The present study aims to estimate the effects of transcranial direct current stimulation on pain, range of motion, and balance in players with ankle sprain. Material and methods: The present study was a randomized, controlled participant blinded trial. Twenty players aged between 16 to 30 years with a history of ankle sprain were recruited and were assigned in two groups. Group A received active transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) and Group B received sham stimulation of 2mA for 20 min for five consecutive days. The outcome variables were pain (VAS), range of motion at the ankle joint, and balance measured by the Y-balance test measured at the baseline and post-intervention. Results: There was a significant reduction in pain (p = 0.039) and significant improvement in range of motion in dorsiflexion (p = 0.043) and plantarflexion (p = 0.019) at the ankle joint when between-group comparisons were done. Whereas, no significant improvement in balance (p = 0.502) was observed when between-group comparisons were done. Conclusions: The application of tDCS is effective in decreasing pain and improving range of motion, but ineffective for improving balance in players with ankle sprains. To improve the balance, foot exercises can also be added along with the tDCS to improve the treatment outcomes in players with ankle sprains. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background and purpose: This study was designed to compare the effectiveness of task oriented balance training program with altered sensory input versus task oriented balance training program without altered sensory input. This helps us to choose a better training program for improving and reducing the risk of fall in elderly population Subjects: Forty eight older adults from independent life-care communities, aged 71 to 75 years (X = 79.2, SD = 6.2), participated. Methods: Patients were divided into group A and group B. Group A received Task oriented balance training program with altered sensory input while the group B receiving task oriented balance training program without altered sensory input. Subjects were then assessed on balance scale -- Berg balance scale (BBS) and Functional performance measure -- Ten meter walk test (10MWT). Results: There was a significant improvement in BBS and 10MWT in patients performed Task oriented training program with altered sensory input than the patients performed Task oriented training program without altered sensory input. Conclusion: Although the obtained results reveal that subjects in both groups were benefitted from balance training interventions with a significant improvement in post intervention balance scores on BBS and functional measure, ie.10 meter walk test, subjects in group A performed better than Group B. The improvement may be as the result of increased use of somatosensory. And this sensory compensation might have improved sensorimotor integration of postural control in the central nervous system, thus serving to activate and coordinate motor processes i.e. action of proper muscle synergies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background/Aims: Stooped posture and 'en-bloc' movement of the trunk in people with Parkinson's disease are related to balance issues, pulmonary dysfunction and difficulty in daily tasks. The primary objective of this study was to examine the effects of task-related trunk training on balance in people with Parkinson's disease. The secondary objective was to observe whether trunk control, thoracic rotation range, pulmonary function and quality of life would change for patients with Parkinson's disease after trunk training. Methods: A total of 32 individuals participated in this randomised controlled trial. They had a mean age of 70.8 years, with a modified Hoehn and Yahr Scale grade of 1.5–3, could take more than six steps in the 360° turn test, were scored as grade I or II on the retropulsion test and had an absence of severe cognitive deficits. Task-related trunk training emphasised the thoracic spine's extension and rotation in prone position on elbows, hands and knees and in kneeling, sitting and standing positions. Standard physiotherapy included breathing exercises, stretching of shoulder and neck muscles, balance and walking training. Both groups practised for 1 hour a day, 3 days a week over 6 weeks. The primary outcome measure was the Mini-Balance Evaluation Systems Test. The secondary outcome measures were the Trunk Control Test, thoracic rotation range of movement, Pulmonary Function Test and Parkinson's Disease Questionnaire-39. Results: Repeated measure analysis of variance revealed significant group by time interaction for the Mini-Balance Evaluation Systems Test and thoracic rotation range (P<0.05), but not for the pulmonary function test and quality of life measures. Conclusions: Task-related trunk training appears to be more beneficial in the balance capacity of individuals with Parkinson's disease than standard physiotherapy, but does not have any significant effects for pulmonary function and health-related quality of life. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objectives: Upper limb motor impairment causes limited activities of daily living in stroke survivors. Bimanual therapy is based on Bimanual movement that facilitates cortical balancing by simultaneous movement of paretic and non-paretic arms while performing a task. Studies aimed at exploring the effects of resisted Bimanual therapy with rhythmic auditory cues on arm function, balance, and endurance in stroke survivors. Methods: A pilot study was commenced after the institutional ethical committee approval. Twenty stroke survivors were randomly allocated into two treatment groups; Group A received conventional therapy along with resisted bimanual therapy with rhythmic auditory cues and group B received only conventional therapy. All patients received 14 treatment sessions within three weeks. Each session lasted for 45-60 minutes. The outcome measures used to assess hand function, trunk function, balance, gait, and endurance were Wolf Motor Function (WMFT), Trunk Impact Scale (TIS), Berg's Balance Scale (BBS), Dynamic Gait Index (DGI), and Six Minute Walk Test (6MWT), respectively. Results: Pre-post-analysis in resisted bimanual therapy with rhythmic auditory cues showed statistically significant difference in WMFT (P=0.005), TIS (P=0.005), BBS (P=0.005), DGI (P=0.008), and 6MWT (P=0.003). Pre-post-analysis in conventional therapy showed statistically significant difference in WMFT (P=0.005), TIS (P=0.016), and BBS (P=0.014). Inter-group analysis of mean difference between resisted bimanual therapy with rhythmic auditory cues and conventional showed statistically significance difference in WMFT (P=0.037), TIS (P=0.003), BBS (P=0.0001), and DGI (P=0.004). Discussion: Although both groups showed improvement individually in arm function, balance, and functional capacity among stroke survivors, resisted bimanual therapy with rhythmic auditory cues showed better improvement than conventional therapy in all three components: arm function, balance, and functional capacity in stroke survivors. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Lockdown due to corona virus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has affected physical, mental, social, economic and emotional aspects of life around the globe. People of all age groups, from children to older adults have had to compromise overall life-style by adapting to the changes necessary for preventive and safety measures. Children are also overwhelmed due to changes in routine, occupation, leisure activities, and social participation. These have added to the psychosocial stressors of parents and caregivers and have influenced their quality of life (QOL) and occupational balance (OB). Objective: The aim of the study was to investigate QOL and OB among Indian parents of children below 16 years during COVID-19 lockdown. The secondary objective was to examine the relationship between QOL and OB as well as explored the level of QOL and OB among parents during COVID-19 lockdown. Study Design: An online based cross-sectional survey was conducted through different social media platforms. Methods: Parents (N = 277: n = 116 male and n = 161 female) of children below 16 years of age from different parts of India who were able to understand English language, filled an online questionnaire that assessed their QOL by World Health Organization QOL Short form (WHOQOL-Bref) and OB by OB Questionnaire (OBQ). Parents were recruited by a snow ball sampling method. Results: Results showed that the majority of the parents were having good self-rated WHOQOL-Bref and OBQ scores. Various socio-demographic variables including family structure, educational status, employment status and number of children did not influence OB and QOL of the parents. However, Independent sample "t" test showed a significant association (P = 0.014 and 95% confidence interval [95% CI]:-7.845, 0.902) between age of the parents and OBQ scores. In Karl Pearson correlation analysis, it was also found that the association between scores of OBQ and WHOQOL-Bref was positive with a highly significant (P = 0.001 and [95% CI]: 0.243, 0.465). Conclusion: The result of the study showed most of the parents of children below 16 years old were having good QOL and OB during COVID-19 lockdown. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Functional community ambulation demands the ability to accomplish both mobility and cognitive tasks at the same time (dual-tasking). When gait and cognitive deficits are done concurrently, this is referred to as cognitive-motor interference. Some hypothesis says that Individuals with low balance confidence would have higher cognitive-motor interference, indicating a behavioral change during dual-task settings. The purpose of this study is to see if cognitive-motor interference is linked to stroke patients' confidence in their balance. Methodology: The participants in this pilot trial were sub-acute and chronic community-dwelling stroke survivors. The MFES questionnaire assessed balance confidence. Participants completed four 10-meter walking trails to evaluate Cognitive-Motor Interference. Two of the walking trails were performed without any additional tasks, while the other two were completed with a concurrent cognitive challenge. Conclusion: A total of 30 people participated in this study, with a mean age of 64±7.7 years. Pearson correlation discovered a statistically significant (p=<0.05) negative correlation (r=-0.202) between balance confidence and CMI. This study found that balance confidence is not associated with cognitive motor interference in stroke patients. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Aging is the decline in efficiency of various physiological processes which is continues and irreversible. The age related changes affect maintenance of balance control in steady state balance, reactive balance and anticipatory balance. The purpose of the study was to find out the effectiveness of single task and dual task balance training in improving the quality of life among elderly with impaired balance. Objectives: To compare the effectiveness of single and dual task training in improving the quality of life of elderly with balance impairment and to compare the single and dual task balance training in elderly with impaired balance Study Design: Pre-post experimental study design Method Thirty-four elderly adults with impaired balance were assigned into two groups, one group underwent single task training and other dual task training of about 4 weeks. Baseline measurement were taken pre and post training by using TUG, BBS and SF-36. Results: Dual task training was more effective in improving quality of life and balance in elder adults with impaired balance than the single task training. The TUG scores showed improvement in both the groups. The group which performed dual task training showed significant difference from pre to post measure that with mean 0.51(p=0.005). The single task training group showed an improvement of mean 0.337(p=0.069). The SF-36 score showed significant improvement in both the groups except certain components. Conclusion: Dual task training improves quality of life and balance in elderly adults with impaired balance than single task training. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: To investigate the relationship between static and dynamic postural stability and functional disability associated with chronic low back pain (CLBP). Methods: A total of 80 patients (age 44.64 ± 1.27 years) were recruited in this cross sectional study using convenience sampling. The One Leg Stand Test (OLST) was used to assess static balance with eyes open and eyes closed; Y Balance Test- Lower Quarter (YBT-LQ) was used to assess dynamic balance in the anterior, posterolateral and posteromedial directions; and functional disability was assessed using modified Oswestry Disability Index (mODI). Karl Pearson correlation coefficient was used to estimate the relationship between the variables. Results and Conclusion: mODI was negatively correlated to OLST with eyes closed (r= -0.721); YBTLQ composite score (r= -0.865); and reach distances in the posterolateral (r= -0.815) and posteromedial (r= -0.832) directions suggesting that control of postural stability was reduced with an increase in disability in patients with CLBP. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Impairment in the ability to perform another task while walking i.e., dual tasking is associated with an increased risk of fall, diminished mobility, loss of independence leading to decrease in the quality of life among patients with Parkinson's disease. So, the present study aims to determine the retention effect of dual task training on mobility, fear of fall, quality of life. Method: 30 subjects between the age group of 65-75 years diagnosed with PD were included in the study and were allocated to a single group after fulfilling inclusion and exclusion criteria. Baseline data like age, gender, Hoehn&Yahr stage was noted. Subjects underwent dual task training 5 times a week, for 4 weeks. All the subjects were assessed using Timed Up and Go test, Fall Efficacy Scale and Parkinson's Disease Questionnaire-39. Results: The dual task training on mobility showed significant improvement in mobility, fear of fall and quality of life in post-test 1. Retention effect (post-test 2) also showed significant improvement but compared to post-test 1 (p<0.001), it has reduced (p<0.05). Conclusion: The result of present study shows significant retention effect of dual task training on mobility, fear of fall and quality of life. The results also show that regular training is required for the subjects to maintain the progress achieved. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: The rapid growth of the elderly population has resulted in a corresponding rise in the number of elderly individuals who experience disability during their lifetimes. Objective: The purpose of this study was to test the usefulness of four established clinical measures of balance, gait, and subjective perceptions of fear of falling as screening methods for referring community individuals living in residential care for detailed physical therapy evaluation and possible intervention. Methods: 50 elderly individuals living in two residential care for the elderly were tested on clinical measures of balance and mobility. Their performance on these measures was compared with a physical therapist's brief evaluation of disability and appropriateness for more detailed evaluation. The usefulness of these tools as screening methods was determined by calculating validating levels using the physical therapist's evaluation as a standard. Results: Thus, it can be analysed that the p < 0.0001 was kept as a highly significant reference value. Conclusion: This study concludes that screening for balance and gait in elderly stroke patients with a combination of components which mainly measures the balance and gait using the performance oriented mobility assessment (POMA) scale gives the highest validity for the screening of stroke patients compared to the other scales. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background and Objectives: Long standing Diabetes Mellitus leads to Diabetic Peripheral Neuropathy in the subjects which alter their daily activities performed. As physical activities are the key elements to prevent the further progress of Diabetes Mellitus. The neuropathy also affects the postural stability leading to impaired balance and risk of falls in the subjects. The integrated activity of the motor and the sensory systems play an important role in maintain the postural stability which depends upon the strength of the core muscles and proper integrated activity of the proprioceptors of the lower limb. The prevalence of the Diabetic Peripheral neuropathy in India is around 10.5% to 32.2%. The Toronto Clinical scoring System is used as a marker to assess the level of neuropathy which has a relation on the stability. Thus, the aim of the study is to find the effectiveness of proprioception exercise or core stability exercise on balance in Diabetic Peripheral Neuropathy subjects. Objectives: To assess the effectiveness of core stability exercise on balance in Diabetic Neuropathy subjects. To assess the effectiveness of proprioception exercise on balance in Diabetic Neuropathy subjects. To compare the effectiveness of core stability exercise and proprioceptive exercise on balance in Diabetic Neuropathy subjects. Design: Comparative Randomized Parallel Open Label Study Methods: Eighty subjects between the age 40-60 years were recruited for the study. Written informed consent and institutional ethical clearance was obtained. Demographic data were obtained and subjects were assigned to one of two groups: Group A: experimental group given Proprioception exercise (n=40) and Group B: control group given Core Stability exercise (n=40). The therapy was given for six weeks with three days in a week and was measured with Berg Balance Scale as an outcome measure at the end of the 6 week protocol. Results: Both the groups showed improvement in the balance according to the Berg Balance Scale. The mean ± SD of pre and post Berg Balance Scale of GROUP A was 37.18 ± 4.81 and 39.41 ± 4.95 respectively and that of GROUP B was 36.95 ± 4.27 and 38.55 ± 4.29 respectively. Conclusion: The results showed a significant improvement within Group A and Group B (P<0.001) but there is no significant improvement between both the groups (P>0.05). Thus the study concluded that proprioception exercise and core stability exercise are worthwhile in improving the balance in subjects with diabetic peripheral neuropathy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The Study was conducted to evaluate the effectiveness of dual task exercise on selected parameters among patients with Cerebro Vascular Accident. Quasi experimental, non-randomized control group design was utilized to perform the study with convenience sampling technique. Data were collected from the patient with Cerebro Vascular Accident who fulfilled the inclusion criteria through Tinetti Balance Assessment Tool and Walking speed test. The findings revealed that the unpaired't' test value for gait and balance was 20.123 and the walking speed was 28.09 which was significant at p<0.05 and was highly significant at p<0.01, p<0.001. It showed that dual task exercise was effective in increasing the level of selected parameters (gait, balance and walking speed) among patients with Cerebro Vascular Accident. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Various factors influence balance and mobility in older people. The purpose of this study was to examine the influence of age, gender, and body mass index (BMI) on balance and mobility in Indian Community-Dwelling older people. Cross-sectional, observational study. Elderly men (n = 53) and women (n = 47) aged between 65 and 83 years were assessed using Berg balance scale (BBS), functional reach test (FRT), and timed up & go (TUG) test. Participants were categorized into normal weight, overweight, and obese. Age was significantly correlated with all the measures (BBS: r = −0.91; FRT: r = −0.46; TUG: r = 0.81). No significant difference was noted among weight groups in all the measures. Gender differences were found in BBS (p = 0.048) and FRT (p < 0.0001), but not found in TUG (p = 0.14). BMI had no influence on balance and mobility. Age was significantly correlated with all the measures. Gender differences were found in balance, but not in mobility. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The ability to change direction and position of the body quickly and effectively while maintaining postural stability and orientation are important in badminton sports. There is also harmony related to skill and plan achievement during dynamic balance and agility. Purpose: The purpose of the study to ascertain the effects of core strengthening training (Pilates) versus Plyometric training in promoting dynamic balance and agility in elite Indian badminton players. Study design: Quasi experimental design. Methodology: 34 subjects who met the inclusion and exclusion criteria were allotted to the study. General Assessment Proforma like AGE, HEIGHT, WEIGHT, LEVEL OF COMPETITION, HOURS OF PRACTICE, MEDICAL AND SURGICAL HISTORY, AND LIMB LENGTH MEASUREMENTS (ASIS TO MEDIAL MALLEOLUS) are collected from each players. The subjects were divided into two equal groups. Group A was given CST (Pilates) and Group B Plyometric training. Outcome measures were taken before and after the program schedule of 2 sessions alternately in 1 week for 6 week. Outcome measures: Star Excursion Balance Test (SEBT), Core Muscle Endurance Test (CMET), Illinois Agility Test (IAT). Results:- In Group A (Pilates) and Group B (Plyometric), all data was expressed as mean ±SD and was statistically analyzed by using paired t-test and unpaired t-test to determine the statistical difference among the parameters at 0.05% level of significance. Statistical data of SEBT, CMET, and IAT in badminton players shows that, there was no significant difference between the groups, but both were individually effective with p<0.05 i.e 95% of significant. Conclusion:-In this study, we concluded that both the groups were equally effective in promoting dynamic balance, core endurance and agility in elite Indian badminton players, no, one treatment program is proved to be superior than the other statistically. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]