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DNA ligases play an essential role in repair, replication, and recombination of DNA, and catalyzes the formation of a phosphodiester bond at a nick junction on single- and double-strand breaks. We have conducted a hospital-based case–control study to examine the role of polymorphism of DNA repair gene ligase I ( LIGI) in the context of lung cancer risk for north Indian population. One hundred, fifty-one primary lung cancer cases and an equal number of matching hospital controls were collected. The LIGI polymorphism was determined by using the PCR-RFLP method. The association between polymorphisms in the LIGI gene with the risk of lung cancer was estimated by computing odds ratios (ORs) and a 95% confidence interval (CI) using a Multivariate Logistic Regression Analysis. The risk for lung cancer was not associated for individuals featuring LIGI (AC) (OR –0.8, 95% CI = 0.44–1.40) and (AA) (OR –0.8, 95% CI = 0.41–1.80) genotypes. The DNA repair gene ( LIGI) may not be playing an important role in modulating the risk of lung cancer in the north Indian population. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]