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The consumption of seafood containing marine biotoxins called ciguatoxins (CTXs) can result in ciguatera poisoning (CP), a globally prevalent seafood-born human illness. The southwestern coast of India is a regional source of seafood attributed to isolated and mass outbreaks of CP since 2015, both locally and exported globally. Samples of frozen snapper product (Lutjanus bohar) described herein, were part of a 7000 kg international shipment into the European Union from southwest India and implicated in a CP outbreak in the Netherlands. DNA barcoding confirmed the species as Lutjanus bohar with a base pair identity of 99%. LC-MS/MS and HRMS analyses describe CTX-3C-group compounds with an in vitro Neuro-2a (cell-based) cytotoxicity MTT-assay based toxicity range of 0.79–5.39 ng CTX-3C equivalent (eq.) per g wet tissue eq. This CP traceback includes an investigation and description of the production chain distribution, catch region, outbreak, toxin-group, and follow-up actions for the seafood products associated with the outbreak. Together this in-depth traceback investigation provides an account of the CP outbreak from harvest to consumption for a region of coastal India with a sizable seafood production industry but with limited CP data. • Ciguatera Poisoning incident in Europe was linked to snapper exported from India. • Fish was identified through DNA barcoding as Lutjanus bohar. • All tissue extracts (n = 7) revealed toxicity in Neuro-2a cell based assay. • Analogues of Ciguatoxin-3C group are described by LC-MS/MS and HRMS. • Traceback to harvest region, outbreak description, follow-up actions are described. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]