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Objective: Contraceptive use is subject of scientific interest for its contribution to reduced fertility and improved maternal and child health in India. This study answers the changes in method mix and the influence of factors associated with contraceptive use in India during 1992-93 to 2015-16., Methods: The study used data from all the four rounds of National Family Health Survey (NFHS) conducted during 1992-93 to 2015-16. Binary logistic regression was conducted in the pooled data of contraceptive users of four rounds of the survey to examine the adjusted contribution of various contraceptive methods over time. Also analysed the determinants of contraceptive use in 1992-93 and 2015-16. The pooled data of 1992-93 and 2015-16 was used to explore the change in users through creating interaction between time and predictors. STATA (V 13) was used for analyses and result was reported at 5 percent level of significance., Results: Female sterilization continued to dominate the contraceptive method mix, use of pills and condoms had considerably increased, and traditional method use had remained almost unchanged during 1992-93 to 2015-16. Age, education, surviving son, religion, social group, household size, region, and economic condition of the woman remained as significant determinants of contraceptive use during the study period., Conclusion: Contraceptive use, method mix, the profile of the users, and determinants of contraceptive use has changed significantly during 1992-93 to 2015-16 in India. Increased use of modern spacing methods albeit continuous dominance of female sterilization in method mix suggests relooking at the family planning implementation strategy., (Copyright © 2019 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.)

Objective: We examined the men's attitudes and perceptions toward the concept of female nonsurgical permanent contraception (NSPC) or novel approaches to permanent contraception (PC) that do not require incisions or surgical equipment/hysteroscope., Study Design: Cross-sectional survey of married/partnered men in Portland, OR, and rural eastern Maharashtra, India. Descriptive analysis was performed., Results: In India (N=150), most men (80%) anticipated that their partners would undergo PC in the future, compared to 30% in Portland (N=170). About a third (39.6% in India, 82% in Portland) reported being uncomfortable with PC for partners due to the need for surgery. Most men (85% in India, 82% in Portland) expressed a preference for a hypothetical new method of female NSPC over surgery, if safe and effective., Conclusion: Most men sampled in two diverse settings expressed interest in NSPC for women., Implications: Men's perceptions of new female contraceptive methods are important to the contraceptive development process. Men may find a safe and effective nonsurgical method of permanent female contraception more acceptable than surgical PC., (Copyright © 2015 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.)

The author looks into the comparatively newly introduced procedure of 'no-scalpal vasectomy' as it is practiced in Orissa, compares it with the conventional vasectomy and other methods of sterilisation in terms of advantages and gives the outline of the NSV procedure along with postoperative advice in a brief manner.

Context: The total fertility rate in Andhra Pradesh, India, has recently decreased to near-replacement level; however, the reasons for the fertility decline are unknown., Methods: Data from the second round of the National Family Health Survey were used to examine the reproductive span-the duration between first marriage and menopause or sterilization-among 4,032 ever-married women aged 15-49 living in Andhra Pradesh in 1998-1999., Results: Between 1992-1993 and 1998-1999, the median age at which women married remained at 15.1, whereas the age at which they adopted sterilization decreased from 24.5 to 23.6. In life-table analyses, reproductive spans of successive cohorts of women decreased-from 22 years among those who married during the 1960s to 15 years among those who married in the 1970s, 10 years among those who married in the 1980s and five years among those who married in 1990-1996. Proportional hazards regression analyses that controlled for demographic and social characteristics, as well as reproductive attitudes, confirmed this cohort effect (hazard ratios, 1.5-2.6)., Conclusions: These findings suggest that women are making the decision to end childbearing faster than older generations did. The gradual compression in reproductive spans is attributable mainly to sterilization acceptance among younger women.

Globally, sterilization protects more couples from pregnancy than any other contraceptive method. However, use of sterilization has grown only gradually and annual rates of adoption remain low. The high prevalence of sterilization can be explained by its excellent continuation rate, its appeal to a broad age range at the time of adoption, and its long history of availability. International patterns show that sterilization users are concentrated in the two large countries of China and India, but numerous smaller countries also have high proportions of couples using the method. Four personal characteristics differentiate its use within each country: age, parity, residence, and sex. A new projection method indicates that approximately 159 million sterilization adoptions are expected between 1990 and 2000, half of them in China. Most future sterilization users will be found where they have been in the past, due to their concentration in China and India and to the large carry-over of current users in all countries. Projections for sterilization are more dependable than are those for other contraceptive methods, because most current users are young enough to remain in the pool of active users for 10 years. They constitute a large component of the expected total in the year 2000--about 269 million users, or 29 percent of all couples.