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Tooth bleaching has become increasingly popular in recent times. It is the preferred conservative approach for lightening discolored teeth. The primary objective of tooth bleaching is to whiten teeth using oxidizing chemicals that work on both enamel and dentin. The noninvasive nature of modern bleaching systems allow for effective treatment options that meet the high expectations of patients. The objective of this study was to investigate the knowledge, attitude, and practices of dental practitioners in South India for managing discolored upper front teeth. We created and distributed a structured, validated questionnaire about bleaching discolored anterior teeth to South Indian dental practitioners and analyzed the data. We found a statistically significant relationship between endodontists and general dentists in their preferences for isolation techniques, choice of materials for vital bleaching, management of intact nonvital teeth, and management of postbleaching sensitivity. Women exhibit a greater preference for teeth-whitening procedures than men, with 74% opting for whitening treatments. The predominant method for addressing tooth discoloration is bleaching, which makes up approximately 63.8% of the whitening procedures. In-office bleaching is the preferred method for both vital and nonvital bleaching procedures, demonstrating its widespread acceptance and preference among practitioners. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: Following bleaching with natural and commercial bleaching agents, to reverse the bond strength of enamel various antioxidants are used. The 3% Grape Seed Extract (GSE) has been more potent to be used as an antioxidant and has shown the immediate improvement in the Shear Bond Strength (SBS) values. Aim: To evaluate the effect of 3% GSE as an antioxidant on the bond strength of bleached enamel with natural {Sweet Potato Extract (SPE)}, commercial {35% Hydrogen Peroxide (H2O2)} bleaching agents. Materials and Methods: This experimental in-vitro study was conducted at Sibar Institute of Dental Sciences, Guntur, Andhra Pradesh, India, over a period of one week in January 2021. According to the bleaching agent used, the labial surfaces of 40 extracted maxillary central incisors have been divided into two groups. Group I (n=20) include teeth bleached by SPE (natural for about 30 minutes. Group II (n=20) included teeth bleached using 35% H2O2 (Pola office) for about eight minutes. Each group were again divided into two subgroups (n=10) based on the application of 3% GSE. After bleaching procedures, composite resin cylinders were bonded incrementally on the labial surface and stored in artificial saliva at 37°C for 24 hours. The samples were subjected to SBS under Universal Testing Machine. Data obtained were analysed using One-way Analysis Of Variance (ANOVA) and Tukey's post-hoc test. Results: On comparison of mean SBS values, statistically significant difference (p-value <0.05) was observed in all groups. The SBS values observed in 35% H2O2 bleached teeth were highly significant than the teeth bleached using 3% GSE application. Conclusion: Application of 3% GSE immediately after bleaching the enamel surfaces, neutralises the deleterious effects of bleaching and increases SBS significantly. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Bleaching of the vital teeth can be considered as a safe and effective modality of managing discolored teeth. The aim of the current survey was to evaluate and assess awareness and practice of the bleaching of the vital teeth amongst dental practitioners. A cross sectional online survey was conducted. A questionnaire was designed that evaluated the knowledge, attitude and practice of dental practitioners on vital bleaching. 17 closed-ended pre-structured multiple choice questions were included in the form and all the questions were marked mandatory. A total of 102 responses were obtained. A fair knowledge and awareness of the criteria, materials used and practice developed for bleaching of vital teeth was obtained. Most of the respondents are seen to prefer at-home supervised bleaching techniques and low concentration of carbamide peroxide as the bleaching agent. Use of desensitising agents to prevent postoperative sensitivity, which is the most commonly reported adverse effect of extracoronal bleaching has been reported too. Within the limitations of the survey, it can be concluded that the scope of vital bleaching can be made better by conducting CDE programmes, seminars and webinars and the practice of vital bleaching should be propagated as it is very minimally traumatic to teeth. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Dentistry plays a crucial role in shaping the esthetics of a person and thus boosts the self-esteem of an individual. Whitening of the teeth is the most popular procedure where surface and deep stain removal whitens the teeth. Teeth whitening is achieved by professional application of chemicals and can also be self-administered by numerous products available. The most popular product is teeth whitening paste which is simple in application and easily available. Recently, teeth whitening tooth paste is commercially available where natural ingredients or their derivatives are used instead of chemicals for teeth whitening. Aims: To investigate and compare the effect of commercially available chemical teeth whitening toothpaste and teeth whitening toothpaste containing ingredients of herbal origin on human enamel (at the Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Pathology, Royal Dental College, Kerala, India). Materials and Methods: An in vitro study with a duration of 14 days was conducted. Settings and Design: An in vitro study was conducted twenty samples were taken and assembled in to two groups of 10 each. Group A for teeth treated with conventional chemical toothpaste and group B for teeth treated with toothpaste containing ingredients of herbal origin. Premolars extracted for orthodontic purpose were checked for shade with Vita 3D shade guide and were observed under a stereomicroscope for surface morphology before the procedure. Each section was cleansed twice daily for 1 min with specified toothpaste and soft bristle toothbrush according to their groups and then cleansed with tap water and stored again in the same solution. After 14 days, the teeth were tested for the shade using vita 3D shade guide and surface morphology using stereomicroscope. Statistical Analysis Used: Student's unpaired t-test. Results and Conclusion: In this 14-day in vitro study, the chemical whitening toothpaste showed better whitening of teeth than toothpaste containing ingredient of herbal origin, whereas the surface irregularities was increased on the surface of the enamel with chemical whitening toothpaste when compared with toothpaste containing ingrtedients of herbal origin. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Context: Dental fluorosis is caused by successive exposure to high concentrations of fluoride during tooth development leading to enamel with lower mineral content and increased porosity.Aims: The aim of the study was to evaluate and compare the effectiveness of minimally invasive techniques for the removal of dental fluorosis stains in children in vivo.Design: Ninety children in the age group of 10-17 years were selected.Materials and Methods: The study sample was equally and randomly divided into three groups; Group 1: In-office bleaching with 35% hydrogen peroxide (HP) activated by light-emitting diode (LED) bleaching unit (35% HP), Group 2: Enamel microabrasion (EM) followed by in-office bleaching with 44% carbamide peroxide gel (EM), Group 3: In-office bleaching with 5% sodium hypochlorite (5% NaOCl). Statistical analysis was done using one-way ANOVA test.Results: Bleaching with 35% HP activated by LED bleaching unit and EM followed by bleaching with 44% carbamide peroxide were equally effective for the removal of dental fluorosis stains in children in vivo. However, bleaching with 5% NaOCl could not completely remove moderate to severe stains. It was effective in removing only mild stains. Bleaching and microabrasion procedures caused slight decrease in tooth sensitivity readings by electric pulp vitality tester which continued to increase over time. However, none of the patients reported sensitivity in their teeth at any point of time. Patients were highly satisfied with the treatment outcome postoperatively but reported slight relapse of color in the three groups.Conclusions: Bleaching and microabrasion techniques can consider as an interesting alternatives to conventional operative treatment options. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The aim of this clinical trial was to compare tooth sensitivity during and after bleaching with hydrogen peroxide gel following application of GLUMA Desensitizer PowerGel or placebo. Forty-six subjects with sound maxillary incisors and canines were enrolled. Tooth shades were determined by comparison with a Vitapan Classic Shade guide. GLUMA Desensitizer PowerGel and placebo were randomly applied to the labial surfaces of the left or right anterior teeth for 1 min, which were then rinsed and dried. Then, Opalescence Boost PF 40% gel was applied onto labial enamel for 15 min. Sensitivity scores [recorded on a 10-point visual-analog scale ( VAS)] were determined before, at 5, 10, and 15 min during, and 1, 24, 48 h and 1 wk after, the bleaching treatment. Shades were determined postbleaching and after 1 wk. Prebleaching application of GLUMA Desensitizer PowerGel significantly reduced tooth sensitivity during and after bleaching when compared with treatment with placebo. The whitening effects immediately and 1 wk after bleaching were significant when compared with the prebleaching shades. In conclusion, tooth pretreatment with GLUMA Desensitizer PowerGel for 1 min prior to 15 min of in-office bleaching with 40% hydrogen peroxide gel was highly effective in reducing tooth sensitivity during and after bleaching. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study was conducted to determine the effect of 15% carbamide peroxide bleaching agent on color change and surface topography of different composite veneering materials (Filtek Z350 (3M ESPE), Esthet X (Dentsply India), and Admira (Voco, Germany). Methods. 30 samples were fabricated for evaluation of color change using CIELAB color systemand Gonioreflectometer (GK 311/M, ZEISS). 45 disc-shaped specimens were made for evaluation of surface topography after bleaching (Nupro White Gold; Dentsply) using SEM. Statistical analysis. One way ANOVA and Multiple comparison tests were used to analyze the data. Statistical significance was declared if the P value was .05 or less. Results and conclusion. All the specimens showed significant discoloration (ΔE > 3.3) after their immersion in solutions representing food and beverages. The total color change after bleaching as compared to baseline color was significant in Filtek Z350 (P = .000) and Esthet X (P = .002), while it was insignificant for Admira (P = .18). Esthet X showed maximum surface roughness followed by Admira and Filtek Z350. Bleaching was effective in reducing the discoloration to a clinically acceptable value in all the three groups (ΔE < 3.3). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]