1. Authentication of Garcinia fruits and food supplements using DNA barcoding and NMR spectroscopy.
- Author
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Seethapathy GS, Tadesse M, Urumarudappa SKJ, V Gunaga S, Vasudeva R, Malterud KE, Shaanker RU, de Boer HJ, Ravikanth G, and Wangensteen H
- Subjects
- Anti-Obesity Agents chemistry, Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid, Citrates analysis, DNA Barcoding, Taxonomic, Food Contamination prevention & control, Fruit chemistry, Garcinia genetics, India, Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy, Anti-Obesity Agents analysis, Dietary Supplements analysis, Drug Contamination prevention & control, Food Contamination analysis, Garcinia chemistry
- Abstract
Garcinia L. (Clusiaceae) fruits are a rich source of (-)-hydroxycitric acid, and this has gained considerable attention as an anti-obesity agent and a popular weight loss food supplement. In this study, we assessed adulteration of morphologically similar samples of Garcinia using DNA barcoding, and used NMR to quantify the content of (-)-hydroxycitric acid and (-)-hydroxycitric acid lactone in raw herbal drugs and Garcinia food supplements. DNA barcoding revealed that mostly G. gummi-gutta (previously known as G. cambogia) and G. indica were traded in Indian herbal markets, and there was no adulteration. The content of (-)-hydroxycitric acid and (-)-hydroxycitric acid lactone in the two species varied from 1.7% to 16.3%, and 3.5% to 20.7% respectively. Analysis of ten Garcinia food supplements revealed a large variation in the content of (-)-hydroxycitric acid, from 29 mg (4.6%) to 289 mg (50.6%) content per capsule or tablet. Only one product contained quantifiable amounts of (-)-hydroxycitric acid lactone. Furthermore the study demonstrates that DNA barcoding and NMR could be effectively used as a regulatory tool to authenticate Garcinia fruit rinds and food supplements.
- Published
- 2018
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