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Background: The surgical removal of impacted lower third molars produces a significant degree of trauma to the soft tissue and bony structures of the oral cavity, which can initiate considerable inflammatory reaction. Consequently, patient experiences pain, swelling, hemorrhage, nerve paraesthesia, limited mouth opening etc. The kinesiologic tape (KT) can help with blood and lymphatic circulation and has shown acceptable outcomes in reducing pain and in managing post-operative muscle spasm. Methodology: The study was aimed to compare the effects of kinesiologic tape on post operative pain, swelling and trismus following surgical removal of mandibular third molar when compared to control group. 15 patients with bilaterally impacted mandibular third molar were included in the split mouth study. One side was randomly assigned as Group A where patient's face was subjected to Kinesio tape application post extraction. The other was Group B where Kinesio tape was not applied. After extraction each patient was evaluated in terms of post op pain, swelling and trismus in post-op day 1,2 and 7th. Results: The pain was found to be significantly less (p = 0.042) in group A when compared to group B on the first day. The mean pain was 5.07 in KT group and 6.20 in No KT group on day 2nd. Post OP Swelling was statistically significantly less (p < 0.01) in Group A on 2nd & 3rd day. The postoperative mouth opening was more from the 2nd day in group A with mean of 26.07 mm and 20.33 mm in group B (p < 0.01). Conclusion: The kinesiologic taping originates from sports medicine, but can also used therapeutically for reducing post operative sequelae as demonstrated in our study. Kinesiologic tape (KT) enables patients to have a comfortable time post-operatively and helps to regain better quality of life. Trial registration: Registered in Clinical Trial Registry—India. Registration number—CTRI/2021/05/033359, registration date – 04/05/2021. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Context: Age estimation is one of the prime requisites in forensic human identification cases and the criminal justice system. There are several age estimation methods using dental parameters. A method proposed by Mincer et al. which uses the mineralization stages of third molars based on Demirjian's developmental stages is less tested in the Indian population. Aim: The present study aimed to assess the developmental status of the third molars and to apply and validate Mincer et al.'s method on the Western India population. Methods and Material: A total of 306 orthopantomograms (OPGs) from 128 males and 178 females with a mean age of 16.89 years ± 3.68 were analysed. Demirjian's A-H staging was applied to record the developmental stages of 1100 third molars. Mincer et al.'s mean age of attainment was applied based on the American Whites (Caucasian) population for males and females separately using stages of #18 and #38. Results: There was a slight overestimation of the chronological age (CA) in both #18 and #38. The females showed more accurate estimated age (EA) than males. Conclusions: Mincer et al.'s method is a convenient age estimation method using the third molar's developmental stage. The mean age of attainment mentioned in the original Mincer et al.'s study can be used in the Western Indian population, with a residual value ranging from 0.21 to 0.25 years. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Forensic age estimation and its medicolegal implications are gaining lot of importance mainly to determine the age of undocumented youths and to differentiate juvenile from adults. Radiographic evaluation of third molars in terms of its stages of development, its position and extent of mineralization provides an important tool for age estimation, especially in middle teens and early twenties. Hence, this study was designed to assess the reliability of lower third molar development as an indicator for chronological age estimation in young adults of South Indian Population. Material and methods: The study sample comprised of OPG's (orthopantamographs) of 188 subjects from a restricted geographic area and known chronological age and gender. Radiographs were evaluated using Demerjian's method to assess the various stages of mandibular right and left third molar development. Data obtained were subjected to statistical analysis. Regression analysis was performed to obtain formula for dental age calculation. Results: Study revealed strong correlation between Demirjians third molar developmental stages and chronological age. Our study also showed that accuracy of age estimation is enhanced when bilateral third molar is evaluated and used for age estimation. The probability of an individual being adult at developmental stage G is still remains uncertain, however at developmental stage H it is almost assured. Conclusion: Several research groups have evaluated the reliability of third molars in age estimation but consensus on the usefulness of these teeth in forensic view has not been reached. The present study has discussed the utility of 3rd molar calcification stage in differentiating between juvenile and adolescent. Demirjian's stage H can be used as cut off point for determining the majority/minority status of the individual. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• Radio-visiogram(RVG) has been found to be a cheaper and safer alternative to Orthopantomograms(OPG) for age assessment without compromising accuracy. • Stage 1of root pulp changes are valuable to determine the 18-years-age threshold in both sexes. • Stage 2 of root pulp changes can be used to determine the 21-years-age threshold in both sexes. • Stage 3 of root pulp changes can be used as a 25-years-age threshold in both sexes. • Visibility of the root pulp decreases as the chronological age increases. • Secondary dentine deposition in the third molar occurs earlier in males. Recently, Olze et al. came up with a staging system based on the radiological changes in the root pulp of the third molar. The current study seeks to ascertain the utility of visibility of the root pulp of the third molar as a system of forensic age estimation in the Indian population, as suggested by Olze. et al. and to assess the accuracy of cut-off stages for 18, 21, and 25 years of age. Radio-visiogram of 220 Patients (116 males and 104 females) of age 15 to 30 years were examined and staged as per Olze. et al. stage-based system. The statistical methods included descriptive analysis, chi-square test, and Rank-order correlation [rho] test of Spearman. EasyROC web tool was used for ROC analyses and calculating ROC curves (AUCs), likelihood ratio, predictive values, and screening tests for accuracy. Youden's index was used to decide the cut-off stage for the different age groups. Specificity close to 100% was observed among both the Sex for cut-off levels 1, 2, and 3 among 18, 21, and 25 years of age correspondingly with minimal Type II error. Inter and Intra observations with a kappa value of 0.66 and 0.65, respectively, indicate good agreement. Olze's third molar root pulp 1, 2, and 3 stages can be used as an optimal cut-off for the 18, 21, and 25-year-old thresholds correspondingly with high specificity for both the sexes for age estimation among the Indian population. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aim: The aim of the study was to compare the healing and osseous regeneration of mandibular third molar extraction sockets with and without platelet-rich plasma (PRP) with the evaluation of clinical objectives such as pain, swelling, trismus, soft tissue healing, pocket depth distal to second molar and radiological evaluation of the bony density in the postextracted third molar socket., Materials and Methods: In this prospective study, 100 patients were selected by the random sampling method from the outpatient department of oral and maxillofacial surgery in the year 2016-2017. Patients were equally allocated into intervention (transalveolar extraction followed by PRP placement) and nonintervention (transalveolar extraction without PRP placement) group as group I and group II, respectively, and evaluation parameters were considered accordingly. The statistical analysis was done using SPSS (Statistical Package for Social Sciences) Version 15.0 (IBM, USA) statistical analysis software., Results: The pain score of patients of group I (non-PRP) was found to be higher as compared to group II (with PRP). Mean trismus of patients of group II was found to be higher than that of group I at postoperative day 7, but this difference was not found to be statistically significant. Swelling at T-Sn (Tragus-Subnasale) and T-Pog (Tragus-Pogonion) was higher among patients of group I as compared to group II. Healing in group II was two to three times faster than group I. Healing among patients of group I and group II was found to be statistically significant. The mean pocket depth of patients of group I was found to be significantly higher than that of group II at follow-up of 1 and 2 months. The bone density of patients of group II was found to be significantly higher than that of group I at 3 months and 6 months follow-up., Conclusion: The procedure of PRP preparation is simple and cost-effective, and can be prepared at the point of care. It had a significant impact on the postoperative healing of the third molar socket., Clinical Significance: The use of PRP application increases the bone density, healing process, and improvement in the pain and swelling, and there was a definite reduction in trismus and periodontal probing depth after the impacted mandibular wisdom teeth extraction.

The aim of present study was to determine the chronology of third molar root mineralization and to establish south Indian reference data. Therefore, a cross-sectional study was undertaken by evaluating 192 intraoral periapical radiographs in order to assess the root mineralization status of the mandibular third molar of south Indian individuals (101 males and 91 females) between the age of 13 and 25. The evaluation was carried out using the seven-stage developmental scheme of Kullman et al. (1992). The range, mean age, standard deviation, Student t test and percentile distributions are presented for each stage of mineralization. Statistically significant differences between males and females were not found. All individuals from this study with mature third molar roots were at least 18 years of age. For medicolegal purposes, the likelihood of whether a south Indian individual is older than 18 years or not was determined.