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The marine environment is emerging as a biodiversity resource for the discovery of natural molecules or chemical scaffolds with pharmaceutical activity. Marine microbes have a tremendous ability to sense and respond to their surroundings to survive in a stressful environment by producing different molecules. As oxidative stress is directly or indirectly involved in various pathological conditions in humans, we believe that marine-derived antioxidant molecules will have a great prospect as a novel antioxidant molecule. We, in this work, explored the marine microbial resources from the Gulf of Mannar, Bay of Bengal, India. High-throughput screening of antioxidant molecule producing marine microbes has revealed that extract from Kocuria marina CDMP 10, can effectively reduce the DPPH free radical. Methanolic crude extract obtained by the freeze-thawing was fractionated and purified by using activity guided purification with the help of reverse phase HPLC and analysed through UPLC-MS. Chemical analysis, as well as MS-spectra, indicated that marine bacteria K. marina CDMP 10 derived antioxidant fraction contains the short peptides. The antioxidant activity of the three highly hydrophobic peptides, (Ser–Ser–Gln, Phe–Glu, Asp–Ile and Leu–Glu) was confirmed by in vitro as well as a cell-based assay. These small peptide molecules are noncytotoxic and can prevent the human cells from chemical-induced oxidative stress. Ser–Ser–Gln peptide demonstrated a potent free radical scavenging activity in Hepatocellular carcinoma cell lines. This study suggests that these short peptides from K. marina CDMP 10 may serve as a potential pharmaceutical candidate with antioxidant activity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background Osteogenic augmentation is required in various orthopaedic conditions. Defects caused by removal of malignant or local bone tumours requires reconstructive surgeries to restore skeletal continuity and bone grafts to fill bone defects. Different modalities which can help to increase osteogenesis include autografts, allografts and synthetic bone graft substitutes. Autograft is the gold standard, provides osteogenic, osteoinductive and osteoconductive properties but has limitations of requirement for additional incisions, poor bone quality in elderly patients, increases operation time, causes donor site pain and morbidity and likely permanent residual disability and limited amount. Autograft is the gold standard but is available in limited amount and morbidities associated with it. Bone graft substitutes are costly, limited in quantity and don't integrate with host bone. Bone allografts are a good option, but not widely used in India and there are sparse reports in literature from developing countries. Our study signifies use of gamma irradiated deep freezed bone allografts in treatment of various bone tumours. Methods It's a prospective descriptive study. Strict inclusion and exclusion criteria, as per standard guidelines of American and European Association of Tissue Banking, were followed. We have a in-house facility of gamma irradiated deep freezed bone allografts available in hospital. 20 patients with giant cell tumours of proximal tibia, proximal ulna and distal radius, aneurysmal bone cysts of proximal humerus and distal radius, etc were operated during one year and followed up for atleast 24 weeks thereafter. Sloof's Criteria was used for assessing osteointegration of grafts. Results Allografts have not only accepted well but defects have healed and bone integration is at various stages. Only one patient got infected (5%). 19 out of 20 patients (95 %) in our study group had either attained or at various stages of osteointegration and healing. Conclusions We conclude that deep freezed bone allografts is a viable option in patients with large bone defects after resection of bone tumours, thus give satisfactory surgical outcome, with no serious side effects. Legal entity responsible for the study The authors. Funding Has not received any funding. Disclosure All authors have declared no conflicts of interest. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]