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Objective: COVID-19 is still a global emergency with no effective treatment. Vaccination is the greatest option for disaster management. COVID-19 vaccination is now universally acknowledged as an effective primary COVID-19 preventive strategy. In the case of the introduction of a new strain, as well as the likely loss of public immunity following routine mass vaccination, some scientists are recommending a fifth dosage vaccine. Because the efficacy of the fifth vaccine dose is unknown, any investigation into its efficacy is intriguing. Materials and Methods: To evaluate an additional protection rate against omicron COVID-19 infection and death resulting from a fifth dose of COVID-19 vaccine, the authors of this study used a clinical model technique. Results: According to simulations, the fifth immunization dose can still enhance immunity and provide additional protection against omicron COVID-19 infection. Despite this, the fifth immunisation dose can still enhance immunity while providing no additional protection against omicron COVID-19 mortality. Conclusions: There is no additional benefit in terms of avoiding omicron COVID-19 death because just four vaccination doses are required to protect against mortality. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: The COVID-19 outbreak has had a negative influence on common public health services in a number of ways. The authors of this particular study discuss the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on antenatal care programs used to treat syphilis in pregnant women in areas where the illness is a major problem. Materials and Methods: In Southeast Asia, where syphilis is extremely prevalent, data on the treatment of syphilis among pregnant women in accordance with normal prenatal care programs are examined. Results: The total treatment rate has decreased as compared to the period before COVID-19. Conclusion: According to the regular antenatal care program, the COVID-19 pandemic had an impact on how pregnant women were treated for syphilis in the research area. The reduced coverage is a severe issue that has to be effectively addressed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: Viral gastroenteritis is an important clinical problem. This disease is common in many developing countries and becomes important considerations in tropical pediatrics. Of several diseases, enteric adenovirus‑associated acute gastroenteritis is an important disease. The effect of meteorological factors on the disease is an interesting issue. The effect of rainfall and temperature is well mentioned. Materials and Methods: Here, the authors reviewed publicly accessible data on the annual detection rate of acute gastroenteritis caused by an enteric adenovirus in pediatric patients in an Indochina nation. The relationship with sunlight intensity, an important meteorological factor, is assessed. Results: The detection rate of enteric adenovirus‑associated acute gastroenteritis in pediatric patients is nonsignificantly positively related to average annual sunlight intensity (r = 0.138). Conclusion: The association between annual detection rate of enteric adenovirus‑associated acute gastroenteritis in pediatric patients and average sunlight intensity is detected. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article discusses the potential impact of the COVID-19 lockdown on malaria control in an endemic area in Indochina. The authors analyzed public data on the incidence of malaria after the lockdown and found that it had increased, contrary to the decreased incidence of COVID-19. This suggests that the strict lockdown policies implemented to control COVID-19 may have hindered routine malaria control measures, such as active case screening and antimalarial drug distribution. The authors emphasize the importance of not neglecting vector control efforts during the COVID-19 pandemic. [Extracted from the article]

Background The relationship between coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) incidence and genetic background is an important clinical issue. A relationship has been proposed between COVID-19 and congenital hereditary blood disorder. Methods The authors report on a link between G-6-PD deficiency frequency and COVID-19 prevalence in an endemic area of a tropical Indochina country where G-6-PD deficiency is common. Results The scattergram can illustrate the descriptive distribution of both researched parameters based on the original data. There is no evident pattern of association between G-6-PD-deficient carrier frequency and COVID-19 incidence in the dual axis image. Conclusions In the research scenario, there was no significant link between G-6-PD insufficiency frequency and COVID-19 incidence, according to the data. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Dioxin is accepted as an important toxic chemical that can induce carcinogenesis. The dioxin contamination in air is accepted as an important air pollutant. Apart from the industry, the dioxin in air can be generated by other little mentioned sources. Methods: Here, the authors assessed the cancer risk due to inhalation exposure to dioxins air pollutant generated by dead body incineration at Buddhist temple based on situation in Indochina. Indeed, there are many thousand Buddhist temples in Indochina and the dead body incineration is routinely done at the temple every day and the dioxin generated from this activity is little mentioned. Results: According to this study, the risk of cancer due to exposure to dioxins air pollutant generated by dead body incineration at Buddhist temple is high and should be the issue for proper public health management. Conclusion: Dioxins air pollutant generated by Dead bodyIncineration at Buddhist temple is an important cancer risk for both adult and children living in that area. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Chronic hepatitis B infection is an etiology of hepatocellular carcinoma. The high prevalence of hepatitis B can be seen in several regions including Indochina. In Thailand, a country in Indochina, according to the local public health policies, the universal hepatitis B vaccination is freely given to any infant at birth without charge. Despite the universal vaccination, the hepatitis B seropositive rate is still observed, and it can still be a cause of hepatocellular carcinoma among the hepatitis B carriers in the future. Methods: Here, the authors try to estimate the expected hepatocarcinoma cancer rate due to escape mutant among local population in Thailand, the situation after the implementation of universal hepatitis B vaccination at birth. Results: Based on the present study, the mutant escape contributes to only a few parts of overall estimated cancer cases in the situation that there is an implementation of universal hepatitis B vaccination at birth. Conclusion: Efficacy of theuniversal hepatitis B vaccination is not improved by specific management on escape mutants. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Dioxin is accepted as an important toxic chemical that can induce carcinogenesis. The dioxin contamination in air is accepted as an important air pollutant. Apart from the industry, the dioxin in air can be generated by other little mentioned sources. Methods: Here, the authors assessed the cancer risk due to inhalation exposure to dioxins air pollutant generated by dead body incineration at Buddhist temple based on situation in Indochina. Indeed, there are many thousand Buddhist temples in Indochina and the dead body incineration is routinely done at the temple every day and the dioxin generated from this activity is little mentioned. Results: According to this study, the risk of cancer due to exposure to dioxins air pollutant generated by dead body incineration at Buddhist temple is high and should be the issue for proper public health management. Conclusion: Dioxins air pollutant generated by Dead bodyIncineration at Buddhist temple is an important cancer risk for both adult and children living in that area. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Chronic hepatitis B infection is an etiology of hepatocellular carcinoma. The high prevalence of hepatitis B can be seen in several regions including Indochina. In Thailand, a country in Indochina, according to the local public health policies, the universal hepatitis B vaccination is freely given to any infant at birth without charge. Despite the universal vaccination, the hepatitis B seropositive rate is still observed, and it can still be a cause of hepatocellular carcinoma among the hepatitis B carriers in the future. Methods: Here, the authors try to estimate the expected hepatocarcinoma cancer rate due to escape mutant among local population in Thailand, the situation after the implementation of universal hepatitis B vaccination at birth. Results: Based on the present study, the mutant escape contributes to only a few parts of overall estimated cancer cases in the situation that there is an implementation of universal hepatitis B vaccination at birth. Conclusion: Efficacy of theuniversal hepatitis B vaccination is not improved by specific management on escape mutants. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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