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The goal of research on traditional commercial banks listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange (IDX) is to use earnings as a moderator to ascertain the impact of the capital adequacy ratio (CAR), non-performing loan (NPL), and BOPO on the value of the company. Variables This study uses a quantitative approach and sample data collection through purposive sampling. The samples obtained for this study are 69 samples that meet the standards of the Indonesia Stock Exchange (IDX) and financial statements for the 2020-2022 period. Classical hypothesis testing and moderate regression analysis (MRA) methods were used to analyze the results of this study. The results showed that the Capital Adequacy Ratio (CAR) did not have a significant effect on the value of the company, and non-performing loans (NPL) did not have a significant effect on the value of the company and operating costs. (BOPO) does not have a significant influence on the value of the company. Capital Adequacy Ratio (CAR) can be changed and affect company value, profit cannot moderate the impact of non-performing loans (NPL) on company performance Product value cannot reduce Operating Costs and Operating Income (BOPO) to company value. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

To ensure the financial stability of Indonesian banks, especially Sharia banks, it is essential to focus on various factors and elements. This study investigates the endogenous and exogenous factors influencing the financial stability of Sharia banks in Indonesia. The study utilized data from the annual financial statements of Sharia banks in Indonesia spanning from 2010 to 2021. Panel data regression served as the analytical tool for the research. The findings indicate that the stability of Sharia commercial banks in Indonesia is influenced by both capital structure and credit risk. Financial leverage also affects sharia bank's financial stability. While ownership distinguishes a bank in terms of organizational structure, it does not necessarily guarantee stability. Islamic commercial banks remain stable amid the COVID-19 pandemic, showing no significant impact on their overall stability. These findings will enhance bank understanding of the risks faced by banks and form the basis for new regulatory efforts to strengthen overall risk management, including liquidity risk and credit risk. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Indonesia's Tobacco Excise Sharing Fund (DBHCHT) policy mandates that part of the fund be allocated for tobacco crop diversification – reducing the farmers' reliance on the tobacco industry as well as implementing Article 17 of the Framework Convention on Tobacco Control (FCTC). We collected primary data from key stakeholders in four main tobacco-producing municipalities. A number of challenges related to DBHCHT utilization remained at subnational levels. The suboptimal use of DBHCHT could be explained in part by (i) constantly changing central government regulations, (ii) farmers' unawareness of DBHCHT regulations, (iii) delays in DBHCHT allocation, and (iv) supply and demand mismatches. Although Indonesia has not been a part of the FCTC ratification, the DBHCHT mandate is in line with the FCTC article 17, i.e., promoting economically viable alternatives for tobacco farmers. This study concluded that DBHCHT utilization needs to go further to void this mandate given the challenges at the subnational level. Therefore, this study recommends additional technical and practical regulations involving multisectoral stakeholders and the use of DBHCHT to meet the financial needs of crop diversification. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The Toba Batak community in Indonesia has a rich cultural heritage, including traditional funeral ceremonies. The language used in these ceremonies is the Toba Batak language, which is influenced by various factors such as people's names, gender, and other cultural aspects. This study aims to analyse the language structure used in the death ceremony, focusing on the phrases used in the ceremony. This research used a qualitative approach with a qualitative descriptive method and a constructivist paradigm. Data collection techniques included in-depth interviews and observation. The research explored the verbal and non-verbal meanings in each of the activities in the death ceremony, the figurative language used, and the traditional bureaucratic system involved. The findings from this research will contribute to a better understanding of the language structure of Toba Batak funeral ceremonies and its cultural significance. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper evaluates social and economic convergence across 514 districts in Indonesia during 2010–18. By applying spatial panel data methods, this paper reexamines the regional convergence hypothesis using a novel set of data on the human development index (HDI) and GDP per capita. These two indicators are used as proxies for social and economic progress, respectively. Results show a significant neighbourhood effect on the convergence process for both indicators. Specifically, a district's HDI and GDP tend to increase faster if its neighbours' HDI and GDP are high. A spatial Durbin model further indicates that the convergence speed of HDI is slightly faster than that of GDP per capita. These results are robust to two spatial connective structures: a contiguity-based Thiessen polygon and an inverse distance matrix. Among the determinants of social convergence, the share of industry and share of services sector produce statistically significant effects. In contrast, only initial economic size produces a significant effect on economic convergence. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Several languages displayed in Language Landscape (LL) in tourism cities are foremost to be explored since they can depict the battle and position of each language. As China has a tight cooperation with Indonesia and other countries, Mandarin has begun to be utilized in the public sphere, such as in the LL. Thus, this present study intends to analyze the use and position of Mandarin, the underlying reasons for using Mandarin, society’s perspective, and its implication. The qualitative method was applied in which all data were explained descriptively by engaging documentation and a questionnaire for data collection. The former was done through the 831 signs displayed in tourism cities in East Java (27 Mandarin LL involved). The latter was conducted through the 127 responses from various backgrounds: old and younger generations. The results indicate that (1) Mandarin LL with top -down signs get a higher percentage than bottom -up signs in which Mandarin is in the fourth position, (2) the utilization of Mandarin in LL is to reveal their identity of the LL owner, (3) it is not vital to display Mandarin in LL due to the lack knowledge of it. Even if societies have negative perceptions of Mandarin, they confess that Mandarin is extensively spread due to its fast growth in any sector. Consequently, this study is crucial to give a wake -up call to the government and speakers of indigenous languages that they should take essential action to preserve the position of local -ethnic languages in LL. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Technological developments have an impact on business activities and consumer behavior. This can be seen from the increasing number of online businesses. This study looks at consumer behavior by exploring the relationship between e-service quality, product brand perception, and social support on satisfaction; trust; behavioral intentions & repurchases on marketplaces in Indonesia. This quantitative research uses the Structural Equation Model (SEM) method with Lisrel 88 program. The respondents in this research are 450 X-Z generation and have filled out the online questionnaires through google form. The results of this study indicates that e-service quality has a significant effect on consumer satisfaction, product brand perception has a positive impact on trust, and social support has a direct impact on both trust and behavioral intention. Satisfaction, trust, and behavioral intentions, positively affect repurchase. This research offers significant managerial implications for companies, especially in making policy and formatting strategy of business management marketing by taking into account the aspects of customer satisfaction and trust. Companies can formulate strategies through the results of this research by creating innovative products, responsive services, wider and sustainable networks. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Motivation: Much of the world's population still lacks access to safe drinking water and sanitation, particularly people living in poverty and in rural areas. The literature suggests that lack of access to water, sanitation, and hygiene (WASH) contributes to poor development of young children. That further leads to inadequate cognitive stimulation, stunting, iodine and iron deficiency, and lower productivity. Purpose: We aim to study the status of early childhood health in Indonesia by measuring an Early Childhood Health Index and to examine the role of access to safe water, sanitation, and hygiene in improving children's health using the national representative data of Indonesian Family Life Survey (IFLS) waves 4 (in 2007) and 5 (in 2014). Methods and approach: Our methodological approach consisted of two steps. First, we developed WASH Index and Early Childhood Health Index using polychoric Principal Component Analysis (PCA), then assessed the association between the two indices using Ordinary Least Squares (OLS) regression. Findings: Overall, we found significant associations between the WASH Index and children's health status and nutritional status. The results also show that several important indicators of WASH (in particular, quality of drinking water, washing and bathing water, and sanitation) improved between 2007 and 2014. Children's access to health care and several children's health indicators also got better. Nevertheless, we still observed stable conditions or even worsening conditions in other components, namely an increase in stunting and children's morbidity. Policy implications: This study provides evidence that access to safe drinking water, sanitation, and hygiene is essential to improve children's health status. In accordance with Government Regulation of the Republic of Indonesia number 185 from 2014, the government at the national, provincial, and district levels must accelerate the development of public infrastructure to ensure access to safe drinking water, sanitation, and hygiene for the entire population as this investment is essential to improve young children's health and reduce the prevalence of stunting in Indonesia. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Skin damage among healthcare workers has been reported by many centers around the world. Occupational hand dermatitis is one of the most commonly known occupational skin diseases and a socially significant health issue. The use of gloves is one of the risk factors for the occurrence and/or aggravation of hand dermatitis. This cross-sectional study involved healthcare workers in 14 referral hospitals for COVID-19 throughout Indonesia. Questionnaires were distributed to the participants, which consisted of the subject's characteristics, glove-related skin problems, history of glove use, and clinical history. This study involved a total of 845 healthcare workers. Approximately 156 healthcare workers (18.46%) had glove-induced hand dermatitis during the pandemic. Itchy skin was the most common symptom (44.23%), and the palm was the most frequently complained area (48.72%). There was a significant association between glove use and glove-induced hand dermatitis among healthcare workers. In particular, equal to or more than 2 hours per day of glove use was significantly associated with hand dermatitis. Glove-induced hand dermatitis also had a significant association with the subject's history of atopic dermatitis and previous history of hand dermatitis. The use of gloves by healthcare workers should be considered carefully, especially in individuals at increased risk, including those who use gloves for 2 hours or more per day and those who have a history of atopic or hand dermatitis, in order to prevent the incidence of glove-induced hand dermatitis among healthcare workers, as well as to provide a safe working environment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Mangroves are ecologically significant plants in marine habitats that inhabit the coastlines of many countries. Being a highly productive and diverse ecosystem, mangroves are rich in numerous classes of phytochemicals that are of great importance in the field of pharmaceutical industries. The red mangrove (Rhizophora stylosa Griff.) is a common member of the Rhizophoraceae family and the dominant species in the mangrove ecosystem of Indonesia. R. stylosa mangrove species are rich in alkaloids, flavonoids, phenolic acids, tannins, terpenoids, saponins, and steroids, and are widely used in traditional medicine for anti-inflammatory, antibacterial, antioxidant, and antipyretic effects. This review aims to provide a comprehensive understanding of the botanical description, phytochemical profiles, pharmacological activities, and medicinal potentials of R. stylosa. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study investigates the patterns and trends in the returns to skill in the Indonesian labor market over the period 2007 to 2013, a period of rising earnings and income inequality. The study takes into account the labor demand and supply across regional development regions and over time. It presents evidence on the returns to skill related to structural changes in the economy through the growth of modern services and the resource boom. It confirms that skill premiums varied across regional development areas. The composition of industries across regions, female labor participation, the proportion of casual workers, the supply of tertiary-educated workers and factors unique to each region are all determinants of the regional skill premiums. The results support the policy focus on developing human capital in Indonesia to meet the rising demand for skilled workers and show the role of the manufacturing sector and minimum wages policy in reducing the skill premium. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The objective of this study is to examine the relationship between various factors and the performance of Islamic commercial banks in Indonesia over the next 12 periods. The variables considered include NonPerforming Assets, Capital Adequacy Ratio, Insolvency-risk, Inflation, Financial Technology, and Bank Size. The research methodology employed is a quantitative approach with a descriptive analysis. The sampling technique utilized is saturated sampling, resulting in a total of 96 data points. The findings indicate that the Non-Performing Assets (NPA) variable has a significant impact on Return on Assets (ROA), while the ROA variable does not significantly affect the NPA variable. Additionally, the inflation variable does not have a statistically significant effect on ROA, and vice versa. In the short term, the variables that influence bank performance are NPA, Capital Adequacy Ratio, Insolvency-risk, Financial Technology, and Bank Size. In the long term, significant factors influencing bank performance are NPA, Insolvency-risk, Financial Technology, and Bank Size. The Impulse Response Function (IRF) test demonstrates that ROA shows a positive response to the impact of NPA, Capital Adequacy Ratio, Inflation, Financial Technology, and Bank Size, while it exhibits a negative response to shocks caused by inflation. Throughout the study period, the variable with the greatest contribution remains Financial Technology, followed by other variables. Ultimately, the aim of this study is to provide insights for future policy implementation and decision-making within companies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This research aimed to investigate the implementation of Read, Encode, Annotate and Ponder (REAP) strategy using technology to improve analytical exposition text comprehension of the private senior high school students. The research was in an experimental study with pre-test and post-test design. In experimental class consisted of 26 students and in the control class consisted of 26 students as the sample of this research. The data were collected by using reading comprehension test with multiplechoice form and analyzed by using t-test formula. The finding showed that there was a difference mean-score before and after using REAP Strategy. So, by implementing REAP Strategy to students' analytical exposition text comprehension at grade XI of private senior high school students in Indonesia in digitalization era, the students' reading comprehension improved. Moreover, it is suggested next researchers, to conduct a deeper exploration in teaching expositional texts using REAP strategy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study explores the opportunities and challenges of developing halal pharmaceutical industry in Indonesia following the issuance of the Halal Assurance Product Law (UU JPH) and Indonesia's Masterplan of Islamic Economics and Finance (MEKSI) 2019-2024. It employs a qualitative research approach with the content analysis method. It collected primary data through interviews and Focus Group Discussion with various stakeholders of the Indonesia's pharmaceutical industry, including regulators, industry players, Muslim scholars, and academics. The study identified five opportunities for the Indonesian halal pharmaceuticals industry, including the enormously growing global and local market, increasing awareness for halal products, more flexible timeline to adjust with the Indonesian Halal Products Assurance Law, involvement of crossinstitutional regulators in maintaining the halal regulation, and abundance of pharmaceutical resources. Meanwhile, the challenges faced include a substantial proportion of imported raw materials for producing halal pharmaceutical products, a lack of technical guidance regarding the halal certification regulation, and a lack of qualified human resources. Two strategies are suggested to overcome the challenges: promoting domestically produced raw materials and encouraging halal certification among the global raw materials supplier. The findings and analyses also highlight the urgency for the government and industry to implement appropriate strategies in implementing the halal-related Law effectively and capture the opportunities. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This Survey discusses the effects of the Covid-19 pandemic on the livelihood of Indonesian women. The pandemic has disproportionately affected women around the world, including in Indonesia, owing to gender inequalities at work and at home. Women bear most of the burden of unpaid domestic work and care for families. The pandemic has also forced adjustments in labour utilisation, and the movement of workers from formal to informal sectors. However, it has created new opportunities, including for micro, small and medium enterprises that harness digitalisation, although the sustainability of these opportunities for women is still too early to assess, owing to the persistent gender divide in Indonesia's digital economy. The possible long-term mental health effects of the pandemic are also something to watch. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Stunting is still a major public health problem in low- and middle-income countries, including Indonesia. Previous studies have reported the complexities associated with understanding the determinants of stunting. This study aimed to examine the household-, subdistrict- and province-level determinants of stunting in Indonesia using a multilevel hierarchical mixed effects model. Methods: We analyzed data for 8045 children taken from the 2007 and 2014 waves of the Indonesian Family and Life Surveys (IFLS). We included individual-, family-/household- and community-level variables in the analyses. A multilevel mixed effects model was employed to take into account the hierarchical structure of the data. Moreover, the model captured the effect of unobserved household-, subdistrict- and province-level characteristics on the probability of children being stunted. Results: Our findings showed that the odds of childhood stunting vary significantly not only by individual child- and household-level characteristics but also by province- and subdistrict-level characteristics. Among the child-level covariates included in our model, dietary habits, neonatal weight, a history of infection, and sex significantly affected the risk of stunting. Household wealth status and parental education are significant household-level covariates associated with a higher risk of stunting. Finally, the risk of stunting is higher for children living in communities without access to water, sanitation and hygiene. Conclusions: Stunting is associated with not only child-level characteristics but also family- and community-level characteristics. Hence, interventions to reduce stunting should also take into account family and community characteristics to achieve effective outcomes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: According to the World Health Organization, total body fat is one of the main risk factors for metabolic syndrome, which is the most significant cause of morbidity and mortality in the world. The excessive fat mass harms the function of the heart, lowers the oxygen uptake by working muscles and decrease physical fitness. Objective: This research was aimed to determine the correlation between total body fat and physical fitness index in medical students. Methods: This was a cross-sectional study in 45 male medical students of Universitas Islam of Indonesia under 25 years old. The total body fat percentage (TBF) was measured by the bioelectrical impedance analysis method (Karada's scan), while the physical fitness index was examined by the Harvard step test. The data were analyzed by Spearman's correlation test. Results: The mean of TBF and physical fitness index levels was 23.68 ± 6.29 and 60.05 ± 31.27, respectively. Spearman correlation test resulted in r = -0.314 with a significance of p = 0.038 (p<0.05), meaning that total body fat and physical fitness index has a significant negative correlation. Conclusion: There was a significant negative correlation between total body fat and physical fitness index. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In developing countries, such as Indonesia, urbanization equates to industrialization. To actuate rapid economic development, the government generally puts in place strong policies to transform rural into industrialized peri-urban/urban areas. This triggers a number of environmental problems, one of which is the degradation of groundwater resources. This study aimed to investigate whether rural to urban transformation caused such environmental degradation. We selected the Majalaya District, a typical peri-urban area of Bandung Metropolitan, where rapid industrialization, mainly related to the textile industry, is taking place. This research adopted a water balance analysis applied to a shallow groundwater resource, contrasting supply with demand after 9 years of development (2005–2014). Data concerning water supply and demand were collected from relevant stakeholders, except for water consumption by vegetation and agricultural land use. For the latter, GIS and QuickBird image analysis were conducted. The results indicate that the industrial development in Majalaya has caused a groundwater crisis. A nine-year period of fast-growing number of industries has caused water deficit, which was also intensified by the rate of land conversion. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The use of pesticides in fresh food of plant origin (FFPO) such as horticulture products is widely known. Such broad implementation of pesticide can result in a tremendous usage of pesticides and, afterward, in intolerable levels of pesticide residues in the products. In this work, we analyzed the pesticide residues in FFPO - which include fruits, vegetables, and rice - from some provinces in Indonesia. These products are taken from the market as samples for this analysis and they were not washed before the test. The test for pesticide residues uses two kinds of tests, which are: Rapid Test Kit that gives the qualitative result (presence or absence of active ingredients residual) without showing the amount of pesticide residue itself; and laboratory test that gives a quantitative result of pesticide active ingredients residual. Lab test data analysis shows that 98.58% of total samples from 26 provinces do not contain or have residues under MRLs so that it is stated as achieving food safety requirements. The pesticide residues include Organophosphate, Carbamate, Pyrethroid, Organochlorine, N-Phenylpyrazole, and Neonicotinoid groups of pesticide. Considering the effect of pesticide (residue) on human health and to environmental sustainability, efforts to control pesticide use need to be continued. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: This study aims to determine the factors that influence the intention to use online platforms in paying zakat in Indonesia. Design/methodology/approach: This study used the extended unified theory of acceptance and use of technology as the theoretical framework, where zakat literacy is added to the model's main components (i.e. performance expectancy, effort expectancy, facilitating condition and social influence). Primary data was collected through an online survey involving 223 Indonesian Muslims who have used various online channels to pay zakat and analyzed by using structural equation modeling as the empirical approach. Findings: The findings indicate that performance expectancy, effort expectancy, facilitating condition and zakat literacy significantly affect the intention to use an online platform to pay zakat in Indonesia. However, social influence is found to be insignificant in this study. Research limitations/implications: The study used a relatively small sample size compared to the Indonesian population's size. Thus, the results must be interpreted with the sample observed. Practical implications: Zakat organizations should make sure that their system is easy for people to make an online zakat payment, as easy access is the most important factor influencing the intention to pay zakat online. They must also increase efficiency and effectiveness of the payment system, enhance quality of the organizational and technical infrastructures and contribute to improving zakat literacy together with other zakat stakeholders. Originality/value: This study offers new insights related to the quantitative study on digital zakat and behavior of zakat payers, particularly in Indonesia. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Rice is an essential crop in Indonesia, but it also contributes to greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions. Although several aspects of rice that increase productivity have been well studied and documented, studies are exploring its environmental aspects, including GHG emissions, are still lacking. More research may have been conducted, but only a few studies have been published in peer-reviewed journals. Robust data on GHG emissions from rice fields in Indonesia is still lacking, including factors affecting it and technology to reduce GHG emissions. Publications of GHG emissions research in Indonesia have been downloaded from several search engines, including ScienceDirect and Google Scholar, and searches using certain keywords. These reviewed publications reveal that research has only been conducted within controlled environmental settings. Thus, this review focuses on studies that have been carried out in Indonesia and other countries and assesses water regimes, rice varieties, fertilizer, soil types, and organic matter on GHG emissions in rice fields. More research into factors controlling GHG emissions in rice fields (e.g., water management, rice cultivar, soil types, and fertilizer) is still needed. This review identifies knowledge gaps concerning future research and development in Indonesia. The research should meet the needs, either national or global strategies to cope with climate change, develop sustainable farming practices, which will only succeed if there are government policies. Therefore, this research should involve an intensive interdisciplinary approach that includes both researchers and other stakeholders. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Benign vocal cord disorder is a common case but its prevalence is difficult to determine. Reporting on the number of benign vocal cord disorder events is important for data management to arrange the effective management. Objective this research to determine the prevalence of benign vocal cord disorders, i.e. nodules, cysts, and vocal cord polyps. Method is a retrospective descriptive study conducted using medical record data of outpatient unit of Otolaryngology-HN division of larynx-pharynx Dr. Soetomo General Hospital Surabaya in the period of June 2015 to July 2016. Result benign vocal cord disorders consisted of 65.00% of subjects with nodules, 15.00% of subjects with polyps, and 20.00% of subjects with cysts. The ratio of male and female was 1: 1. The most age was 20-59 years old with 60.00%. The largest occupational group is professional voice user with 60.00%. The location of benign vocal cord disorders was in 1/3 of the bilateral anterior as much as 85.00%. The most frequently used therapy is non-operative with 65.00%. The conclusion benign vocal cords disorder with the types of vodal, polyps, and vocal cord cyst occurred in 4.21% of all patients with dysphonic complaints. Vocal cord nodules had the highest incidence among other types of cord vocal diseases with 2.73% while the highest prevalence was shown by vocal cord nodules with 4.42%. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: The elderly are human who experience various decreases in anatomical, physiological, social and economic aspects, this can cause some elderly aren't able to be independent in fulfilling their daily needs. One of efforts to improve the quality of life for the elderly, through the government issued a policy on the implementation of Aged-Friendly Primary Health Care Program for the elderly. Purpose: This study aimed to explore the factors that affect the success of Aged-Friendly Primary Health Care Program for the elderly. Method: This study used qualitative study with a phenomenological approach. The saturation of data was obtained by 15 participants which were conducted the data collection by using indept interview. Data analysis used Collaizi analysis method. Results: The identification found four main themes and eight sub themes: (1) characteristics of elderly (physiological and psychological factors), (2) Health workers (knowledge, services quality provided); (3) Health facilities (the availability of tools and technology, the distance of health care); (4) Family support (material supports, psychological supports). Conclusion: Aged-Friendly Primary Health Care Program for the elderly was affected by several factors, all of the factors were interrelated so that it is needed a good coordination among the elderly, family and health workers to provide a quality of aged-friendly services for the elderly. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

University is primarily being a wide place or facility to produce capable, intelligent and professional workforce. Students are equipped with various kinds of knowledge theoretically as well as trained through the internship process. However, the findings on graduates who don't reflect some aspects of professionalism, less competent in each of their fields or even their soft skills should be classified as urgent issues at any rate. Driven by these contrary sides, we highlighted that the less maintained students' internship period might be a variable for the problems. We started by collecting previous studies on the dissatisfactions from employers about trainees/interns from universities, analyzed the solutions, and triangulated the solutions we proposed by exploring internship masterplan at a university in Indonesia. From all of these steps, we found that appropriate, intensive mentoring ways in the students' internship period are the main points to create the skills that meet any employers' demands. We believe that the results of this study will be very useful for those who need answers to the best ways to improve the quality and capabilities of higher education graduates. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background, since the 1997 economic crisis the number of poor people in Indonesia has increased. One result of the crisis was the increasing number of street children. Street children are one of the conditions of children in difficult circumstances, their lives are very worrying, especially health and the future. The goal is to know the nutritional status of street children as a scientific basis for further intervention programs. Research Methods, discrete-analytic observational research. Using quota sampling as many as 30 street children in the Gundih settlement of Bubutan District, Surabaya City. Nutritional status was assessed by using anthropometric parameters of height according to age and sex and carried out a 2x24 hour recall to determine diet and consumption levels. Conclusion, (1) 70% of street children have poor nutritional status and only 6.7% have good nutritional status. (2) The most common diet patterns for street children are rice, side dishes, and vegetables. (3) The level of consumption achieved is still below 100% of the AKG and the majority are in the less and moderate category. (4) There is no significant relationship between nutritional status and consumption level (p> 0.05). Suggestions, intervention programs on street children need to be done to prevent further serious nutritional problems. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This document is a correction notice for an article titled "Early assessment of tobacco excise sharing fund as policy for farmers' viable alternatives in Indonesia: case study of four municipalities in Indonesia." The correction addresses an error in the affiliation details for one of the authors, Yayi Suryo Prabandari. The correct affiliation should be 'Department of Health Behavior, Environment and Social Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Public Health and Nursing, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Yogyakarta, Indonesia.' The original article has been updated to reflect this correction. [Extracted from the article]

Purpose: The purpose of this paper is to examine the role of volunteers and its impact on related accountability practices towards beneficiaries by a large humanitarian non-governmental organisation (NGO) in Indonesia. Design/methodology/approach: The authors adopted a qualitative case study design. The empirical evidence comes from rich fieldwork carried out in an Indonesian NGO. The authors collected the evidence mainly via 46 interviews and five focus groups. Findings: The authors found that the case NGO drew heavily on the social and cultural capitals of volunteers in the process of serving its beneficiaries, which, in turn, facilitated the enhancement of its accountability to the beneficiaries. The authors also found that volunteers play a bridging role to reduce the distance between NGOs and beneficiaries. Research limitations/implications: For NGO managers, this study provides necessary empirical evidence on the positive role played by the volunteers in the development and operationalisation of accountability to the beneficiaries. In the authors' case, beneficiary accountability is enhanced by the social conduct and practices performed by the NGO's numerous volunteers. Beneficiary accountability is of significant concern to the policy makers too. This study shows that volunteers and NGO can work in a reciprocal relationship where social and cultural capital can be mobilised to each other's advantage. To facilitate beneficiary accountability, NGOs can draw on the socio-cultural capitals held by the volunteers who appear to share the same norms and expectations with the beneficiaries. This process can also lead to the building of social and cultural capital by the volunteers themselves as they achieve great satisfaction and gain valuable experience in this process that could lead to greater satisfaction in their spiritual and material lives. Originality/value: The authors extend the previous literature on beneficiary accountability by highlighting the under-researched role of volunteers in such accountability practices. In this paper, the authors first discuss the facilitating role of volunteers in enhancing NGOs' accountability towards beneficiaries. Then, this is illustrated empirically. In addition, the authors argue that although Bourdieusian concepts like field and capital have been widely used in the analysis of various organisational practices the concept of habitus received limited attention particularly from the context of developing countries. The authors undertake an examination of the habitus of volunteers in the Indonesian case organisation and explore their linkages with the field and associated capitals. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Pyrethroid residues in the Citarum River, Indonesia, was first investigated based on their occurrences, water assimilative capacity, and risk assessment. In this paper, first, a relatively simple and efficient method was built and validated for analysis of seven pyrethroids in a river water matrix: bifenthrin, fenpropathrin, permethrin, β-cyfluthrin, cypermethrin, fenvalerate, and deltamethrin. Next, the validated method was used to analyze pyrethroids in the Citarum River. Three pyrethroids, β-cyfluthrin, cypermethrin, and deltamethrin, were detected in some sampling points with concentration up to 0.01 mg/L. Water assimilative capacity evaluation shows that β-cyfluthrin and deltamethrin pollution exceed the Citarum river water capacity. However, due to hydrophobicity properties of pyrethroids, removal through binding to sediments are expected. Ecotoxicity risk assessment shows that β-cyfluthrin, cypermethrin and deltamethrin pose risks to the aquatic organisms in the Citarum River and its tributaries through bioaccumulation in food chain. Based on bioconcentration factors of the detected pyrethroids, β-cyfluthrin poses the highest adverse effect to humans while cypermethrin is the safest. Human risk assessment based on hazard index suggests that acute non-carcinogenic risk associated to consuming fish from the study location polluted with β-cyfluthrin, cypermethrin and deltamethrin is unlikely. However, hazard quotient shows that chronic non-carcinogenic risk associated to consuming fish from the study location polluted with β-cyfluthrin is likely. However, since the risk assessment was performed separately for each pyrethroid, further assessment on the impact of mixture pyrethroid to aquatic organisms and humans should be performed to explore the real impact of pyrethroids to the river system. [Display omitted] • Pyrethroids occurrence and risk assessment in the Citarum River was first reported. • A simple and efficient method was built and validated for pyrethroids analysis. • β-cyfluthrin, cypermethrin, and deltamethrin, were detected in the Citarum River. • β-cyfluthrin and deltamethrin have exceeded the Citarum river water capacity. • Chronic non-carcinogenic risk associated to β-cyfluthrin is likely. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Alternate wetting-drying (AWD) is known to reduced water use and at the same time also reduced greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions from rice fields. The research aimed at comparing AWD on contrast soil textures. Field experiments were conducted at two sites representing coarse-texture soil (silt loam) and finer-texture soil (silty clay) to study the efficiency of AWD on water use, methane (CH 4) and nitrous oxide (N 2 O) emission, grain yield, global warming potential (GWP), and GHG intensity (GHGI). The experiments were conducted during the 2020 dry season in Central Java province, Indonesia, evaluating continuous flooding (CF) and AWD as the main plot, and biochar-compost (BC) mixture at a rate of 0, 5, and 10 t ha−1as the sub-plot. The results unveiled that AWD on silty clay and silt loam soil reduced water use by 12% and 18%, respectively. The implementation of AWD on silt loam soil significantly (p < 0.05) reduced the total GWP by 39.6% without yield loss and GHGI by 38.4% compared to CF. Conversely, on silty clay soil, the GWP and GHGI reduction was marginal (only about 4%). Biochar-compost addition was significantly reduced water use in both soil textures. We found that the implementation of AWD on coarse texture is more efficient in reducing water use and GWP. Expanding studies on several rice growing season on multiple location can reduce the limitation of our study and further assist in environmental decision making for the rice system in terms of GHG mitigation action and saving irrigation water. • CH 4 emission from silt loam soil was 8–10 times higher than that from silty clay soil. • In silt loam soil, AWD irrigation reduced global warming potential (GWP) by 39% compared to continuous flooding (CF). • AWD on silty clay and silt loam soil reduced water use by 12% and 18%. • Biochar-compost addition in a short-term did not affect GHG emission from silt loam and silty clay soil. • The AWD irrigation mitigate GHG emission without yield penalty from silt loam and silty clay soil. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In 2014, Indonesia implemented a new, nationwide, subsidised universal-coverage health insurance program, under which poor Indonesians do not pay to become members and others pay a relatively low fee. This program has created a national debate about the effectiveness of the ownership of health insurance in increasing the use of health services—particularly among the poor—given the limitations in their quantity and quality. Using membership data on different health insurance programs from the 2007 rounds of Susenas and Riskesdas, this article researches the impact of having health insurance on health service utilisation, by controlling the levels of quality and quantity of health services in the area. We argue that having health insurance increases health service utilisation by approximately eight percentage points when people feel sick (or by approximately five percentage points if we include those who do not feel sick). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article analyses the consumption growth elasticity and inequality elasticity of poverty in Indonesia, with a particular focus on the decentralisation period. Using provincial panel data, we show that the effectiveness of growth in alleviating poverty across provinces was greater during decentralisation—that is, between 2002 and 2010—than at any other point since 1984. The growth elasticity of poverty since 2002 is estimated to have been –2.46, which means that a 10% increase in average consumption per capita would have reduced the poverty rate by almost 25%. However, we also find that rising income inequality negated a quarter to a third of the 5.7-percentage-point reduction in the headcount poverty rate. This increasing inequality has contributed to a lower level of pro-poor growth than that maintained in Indonesia before decentralisation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study measures the performance of Islamic mutual funds in Indonesia and Malaysia, two countries which have growing Islamic Capital Markets. By using 5 measurement tools, namely Sharpe, Treynor and Jensen Indices, as well as Snail Trail Methodology and Market Timing, the study finds that Malaysian Islamic stocks seem to outperform the Indonesian Islamic mutual funds, even in the period of global economic crises. This study also discovers that risk-return relationship of debt Islamic mutual funds is relatively stable as compared with asset allocation and equity Islamic mutual funds. Lastly, this study finds that market timing ability of investment managers of Islamic mutual funds in the two countries cannot increase the funds' returns as a whole. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper examines the growth elasticity of poverty across three development episodes in Indonesia between 1984 and 2002, after controlling for inequality. It relies on estimation of panel data from the National Socio-Economic Survey conducted by the central statistics agency. Contrary to expectations, the growth elasticity of poverty was virtually indistinguishable across the three development episodes - a period of far-reaching policy liberalisation (1984-90); a second period of slower liberalisation (1990-96); and the period of recovery from the Asian financial crisis (1999-2002). Growth was pro-poor in all three periods, while the impact of growth on poverty was either augmented or offset by changes in inequality, depending on the period. Only during the first liberalisation period did a reduction in inequality serve to augment the impact of growth on poverty. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: The resin compound is obtained from Jernang (Daemonorops draco blume), a plant that grows in the tropical rainforests of Indonesia. Objectives: This study was undertaken to determine the antibacterial ability of ethanol extract of Jernang resin against both Salmonella typhi and Streptococcus mutans. Material and Methods: The crude extract was prepared by soxhlet extraction in ethanol, is then fractionated vacuum liquid chromatography (VLC) with increasing solvent polarity starting from n-hexane (100%); n-hexane: ethyl acetate (80:20); ethyl acetate: methanol (40:60) up to methanol (100%) by. The antibacterial activity were evaluated using the disc diffusion method, these were compared with that of standards chloramphenicol as positive control and DMSO as a negative control. Results: Determination of the antibacterial activity, we verified the diameter of inhibition of growth zone against Salmonella typhi at the variation of the extract concentration were 0.00mm/10ppm, 9.03mm/50ppm, 8.4mm/100ppm, 11.73mm/500ppm. These were compared with that of standards chloramphenicol (21.03mm/300ppm) and DMSO (0.00mm/300ppm). On the other hands, the diameter of inhibition of growth zone against Streptococcus mutans at the variation of the extract concentration were 9.33mm/50ppm, 9.83mm/75ppm, 10.67mm/100ppm, 11.5mm/125ppm, and 13.33mm/150ppm. These were compared with that of standards chloramphenicol (25.7mm/300ppm) and DMSO (0.00mm/300ppm). Conclusion: The ethanol extract of Jernang Resin exhibited antibacterial effects on Salmonella typhi and Streptococcus mutans, but these effects were less than chloramphenicol. The antibacterial effect increased with an increase in the concentration of the extract. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

While pyrethroids and other pesticide residues in cocoa beans have been reported previously, no report on pesticide residues in cocoa powder has been documented. In this paper, pyrethroids residues in cocoa powder were investigated. First, a simple method was specifically built and validated for cocoa powder pyrethroid analysis. The method only employs low volume extraction and d-SPE clean-up before quantification. The linearity of the method was good (r > 0.9992) for lambda-cyhalothrin, permethrin, cypermethrin, fenvalerate and deltamethrin. The repeatability (%RSD) and accuracy (% recovery) are acceptable. For the reproducibility, no significant differences were found between two analysts who conducted the same experiment. Weak matrix effect (<20%) were observed. The limits of quantifications (LoQs) were all below the maximum residue limits (MRLs), accounted for 10 μg/kg for lambda-cyhalothrin and deltamethrin, 20 μg/kg for cypermethrin and fenvalerate, and 30 μg/kg for permethrin. The validated method was then used to analyze cocoa powder samples from 10 major cocoa producing provinces in Indonesia with none exceeded the LoQs or MRLs. The risk assessment suggests that even at concentrations of the LoQs, the short-term and long-term non-carcinogenic effects associated to Indonesian cocoa powder consumption are unlikely. Therefore, cocoa powder originated from Indonesia is safe for consumption. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: Efforts to implement health tax policies to control the consumption of harmful commodities and enhance public health outcomes have garnered substantial recognition globally. However, their successful adoption remains a complex endeavour. This investigates the challenges and opportunities surrounding health tax implementation, with a particular focus on subnational government in Indonesia, where the decentralisation context of health tax remains understudied., Design: Employing a qualitative methodology using a problem-driven political economy analysis approach., Setting: We are collecting data from a total of 12 focus group discussions (FGDs) conducted between July and September 2022 in three provinces-Lampung, Special Region of/ Daerah Istimewa Yogyakarta and Bali, each chosen to represent a specific commodity: tobacco, sugar-sweetened beverages (SSBs) and alcoholic beverages-we explore the multifaceted dynamics of health tax policies., Participant: These FGDs involved a mean of 10 participants in each FGD, representing governmental institutions, non-governmental organisations and consumers., Results: Our findings reveal that health tax policies have the potential to contribute significantly to public health. Consumers understand tobacco's health risks, and cultural factors influence both tobacco and alcohol consumption. For SSBs, the consumers lack awareness of long-term health risks is concerning. Finally, bureaucratic complexiting and decentralised government hinder implementation for all three commodities., Conclusion: Furthermore, this study underscores the importance of effective policy communication. It highlights the importance of earmarking health tax revenues for public health initiatives. It also reinforces the need to see health taxes as one intervention as part of a comprehensive public health approach including complementary non-fiscal measures like advertising restrictions and standardised packaging. Addressing these challenges is critical for realising the full potential of health tax policies., Competing Interests: Competing interests: None declared., (© Author(s) (or their employer(s)) 2024. Re-use permitted under CC BY-NC. No commercial re-use. See rights and permissions. Published by BMJ.)