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Further analysis of the effectiveness of integrating project-based learning (PjBL) in Invertebrate Zoology courses to improve students' science process skills and conceptual understanding needs to be carried out. This research was aimed to analyze the integration of PjBL in the Invertebrate Zoology course on scientific process skills and conceptual understanding of student. As for seeing the effect of each indicator from each predictor, a qualitative descriptive analysis was carried out. Respondents in this study were students of the Biology Education Study Program FTTE Universitas Bengkulu. A sample of 30 respondents was taken by random sampling technique. The research instrument is a questionnaire for scientific process skills and tests for understanding concepts. The hypothesis is tested using Analysis of Variance (ANOVA). The integration of PjBL has a significant influence on the scientific skills process of 0.038 with an F value of 4.524 and also has a significant influence on concept understanding at 0.018 with an F value of 0.018. It was concluded that there was an effect of the integration of PjBL on scientific process skills and conceptual understanding of Invertebrate Zoology, with a significance level of 0.05, so that it can be taken into consideration in developing learning in the Invertebrate Zoology course.

Islamic university students in Indonesia must improve disaster literacy by developing science-Islamic integrated disaster geography textbooks. This study aims to determine the appropriateness of science-Islamic integrated disaster geography textbooks and the effect of using them on students' learning outcomes. The Dick and Carey model was used in this development. The product was validated by experts in material, design, and the integration of Islamic science and tested on students and lecturers on a limited basis. The experiment subjects were 27 Social Science Education students from Universitas Islam Negeri Maulana Malik Ibrahim Malang. Instruments are in the form of a questionnaire to determine the appropriateness of the book and test questions to determine the effect of book products on learning outcomes. Data were analyzed descriptively and using an independent sample t-test. The results showed that science-Islamic integrated disaster geography textbooks were appropriate for use in learning with an effective category (appropriateness score = 81.08%). The use of science-Islamic integrated disaster geography textbooks affected students' learning outcomes (p=0.000) < [alpha]=0.05). Further research suggests developing digital books on other materials because the Islamic science integration curriculum has been proven to improve students' learning.

This research aims to investigate social science education students' preparedness before they attend problem-based hybrid learning (PBHL). This research is quantitative research with an explorative survey method conducted on college students taking Social Science Education Program in Universitas Islam Negeri Maulana Malik Ibrahim Malang, Indonesia. The participant of this study were 118 students, subsisting of 32 male and 86 female students. This research used a questionnaire with a 1-4 Likert scale as an instrument to measure students' readiness, weighted from their motivation, prospective behavior, and information and communication technology (ICT) skills. The data collection process was carried out through Google Form in April 2020. This research used descriptive quantitative analysis to discover students' preparedness and one-way ANOVA to identify the effect of gender type to the students' preparation in PBHL. The results of this research show that social science education students' preparedness (motivation, prospective behavior, and ICT skills) in PBHL is classified high, namely in the B+ category. Furthermore, the gender type has no significant effect on students' preparedness for PBHL (p>0.05). Recommendation based on the research result is the university has to facilitate easy internet access, such as by accelerating the bandwidth, internet connection, and promote other policies that support PBHL.

This study aimed to examine authentic models of science assessment in assessing the competence of senior high school students who met the criteria of validity, practicality, and effectiveness. The methodology applied was an evaluation and developmental research. Research was conducted in senior high school in accordance with the needs of the development of authentic Statistical Analysis System (SAS) models. The participants were students of class X senior high school Gowa in South Sulawesi academic year 2020/2021. The instruments comprised (1) SAS model validation sheet; (2) science achievement test; (3) questionnaires; and (4) observation sheet. The findings of the quality authentic science assessment model met the validity and effectiveness criteria for high category learning outcomes with positive student responses. The practicality implications of the SAS model were also very worthy of applied science in teaching science for assessing the competence of senior high school students.

In the era of globalization, digital literacy has become one of the competencies that students must possess. Rarely can one find research that examines the effect of the WE-ARe model on digital literacy in biology education. WE-ARe is a constructivist-based active learning model consisting of Warm-up, Exploring, Argumentation, and Resume phases that emphasize students' collaborative and elaborative qualities. The objective of the study was to determine the impact of the WE-ARe model on the digital literacy of future biology teacher candidates. This is a quasi-experimental study using the Pretest-Posttest Control Group Design. The research population comprised all Tadris Biology students from IAIN Ternate and STKIP Kie Raha in the City of Ternate, North Maluku, Indonesia. The research sample contained 60 fourth-semester students from the Department of Tadris Biology. The validity score for the literacy digital instrument was 3.89 (very valid), while the correlation value (r-calculated) was 0.585. The Cronbach-Alpha analysis showed a score of 0.939, indicating that the literacy digital instrument was valid and reliable for use in data collection. This study was conducted during the even semester of the 2021/2022 academic year. The data were analyzed through ANACOVA using 5% level of significance. The results demonstrated that the WE-ARe model had an impact on the preservice biology teachers' digital literacy. The findings of this study provide an insight on the use of a new learning model that can be used to enhance students' 21st century skills.

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the quality of research-based learning conducted remotely through the use of the Moodle learning management system using the Context, Input, Process, and Product (CIPP) evaluation model. Data sources include lecturers, students, faculty documents, study program materials, and Moodle learning management systems (LMS) used in lectures. Data were gathered using the CIPP evaluation checklist (2002), semi-structured interviews, document analysis, and observation. The data were analyzed using content analysis. The findings indicate that learning occurs entirely within the Moodle LMS, which includes lecture tools, is guided by lecturers with subject-specific expertise, is collaborative within the lecture system, and is conducted using appropriate and effective virtual synchronous and self-directed asynchronous learning approaches. Additionally, employing various approaches and learning strategies has a major influence on students' abilities, attitudes, behaviors, and values when it comes to developing educational research and writing a quantitative research proposal. However, because proposal assignments are often assigned towards the program's ending, the time necessary to complete them is typically quick. This looks to be an omission of certain students' abilities. Slow learners will fall behind on these assignments.

Differentiated classrooms accommodate students' diverse needs, however, tailoring learning to meet students' individual needs is challenging for teachers. This study explores students' diversity in an English as a foreign language (EFL) classroom setting, especially students' needs in differentiated English language tasks and assessments through a quantitative survey. The survey consists of a questionnaire investigating students' different needs in a differentiated English classroom. The data were gathered through an online survey for junior high school grade 8 students in Yogyakarta Province, Indonesia. Eight hundred and eighty-five students aged between 12 to 15 years participated in this study. The survey data were analyzed using descriptive statistics. Additionally, 102 students voluntarily joined a semi-structured interview session. The results of the interview were then analyzed using thematic analysis. This study revealed that students have various needs regarding their English learning goals, as well as the assessment of the four language skills activities and products, media preferences, favorite topics, task setting, and teacher's role preferences. Implications of the results for accommodating students' diverse needs in the EFL classroom are discussed.

This study aims to find out: How the community's efforts to maintain Syarafal Anam's local wisdom, Why the application of Syarafal Anam can prevent radicalism, and how to prevent radicalism. This research uses qualitative and quantitative research studies together, namely mixed methods. Data were analyzed by inferential statistics (quantitative data) and Miles & Huberman (qualitative data), data reduction, data presentation, and drawing conclusions. The results obtained in the form of quantitative and qualitative results, as for the quantitative results, namely the influence between tolerant attitudes towards radicalism at the Madrasah Tsanawiyah 1 Bengkulu city school of 65.9 percent and the influence of the Madrasah Tsanawiyah 2 Bengkulu city school of 62.3 percent. Qualitative data also shows that Syarafal Anam has several functions, namely education, gratitude, and prevention of radical culture with a safe and peaceful life in the community. The conclusion of this study shows that Syarafal Anam's local wisdom has an influence on student tolerance, with this tolerance attitude, it can certainly foster anti-radical attitudes from outside students.

Metacognitive skills are one of the abilities required in the twenty-first century, to achieve independent learning. However, these skills still need to review whether these skills have been empowered by educators, particularly in universities. This research was aimed at determining the metacognitive skill profile of Biology Education students at the Institute of Teachers' Education in South Sulawesi, Indonesia. This research used a descriptive quantitative method. The population of this research was all the students of the Biology Education Study Program at the non-state Institute of Teachers' Education in South Sulawesi. The samples of this research were 356 Biology Education students in the second semester who programmed the Environmental Science course in the 2020/2021 academic year. The instrument used in this research was an essay test to measure students' metacognitive skills in the Environmental Science course. The results of the data analysis indicate that the students' metacognitive skills are in the category of undeveloped as much as 89.27%. Therefore, some efforts to improve students' metacognitive skills are required by those institutes through the implementation of a learning model which can empower the metacognitive skills of the prospective Biology teacher students.

A preliminary study showed that Biology learning in the classroom could not encourage the integration of science concepts and Islamic values. The aims of this study are to (1) develop a new learning model that integrates scientific principles and Islamic values, and (2) characterize the RQANI model's validity, practicability, and effectiveness. This study belonged to the research and development study. The learning model was developed in four stages, including (1) preliminary investigation, (2) design, (3) realization/implementation, and (4) test, evaluation, and revision. The study population included all biology education students at IAIN Ternate, STKIP KIE Raha Ternate, and UIN Alauddin Makassar in Indonesia. The study enrolled 120 fourth semester biology education students from IAIN Ternate, STKIP KIE Raha Ternate, and UIN Alauddin Makassar, Indonesia. The research instruments employed in this study are validation sheets for learning models, observation sheets for learning implementation, learning achievement tests, and response questionnaires for the learning model. The results of this study include: (1) a new learning model, namely RQANI, that consists of five learning stages (Reading, Questioning, Answering, Elaboration, Integration); (2) The validity of the RQANI prototype was very high with an average value of 3.74. The RQANI learning model was considered fairly practical and effective in improving student learning outcomes and positive responses. Therefore, it can be concluded that RQANI has met the requirements for a valid, practical and effective learning model.

Learners need to possess scientific literacy in order to be able to analyze and explain scientific concepts and solve daily life problems. The current study aimed to analyze the potential of the Socio-Science Spirituality learning model to improve the scientific literacy of students at the junior high school level. The sample of this research contained eight-grade students from an Islamic based school in Surabaya. A quasi-experimental design was used in this study involving the Socio-Science Spirituality class as the experimental group and the conventional class as the control group. Data were collected using multiple choice tests where the questions were developed based on 37 scientific literacy indicators. The data were analyzed using ANCOVA. The results showed that the application of the learning model influenced students' scientific literacy, where the Socio-Science Spirituality group increased their scientific literacy 28.37% higher than the conventional group. In short, the Socio-Science Spirituality learning model has a higher potential to increase students' scientific literacy, so that it can be used as a new reference to empower students' scientific literacy.

Today the world of social media has immersed in the world of education and influencing the world of the students' activities. It is inevitable that students in many levels of education have been using social media in their life either as students or as interactants in the certain community. Therefore, it is interesting to see the existence of social media among the students. In this study, the researchers highlight the use of social media among the students in the university. This research applied a qualitative research design taking 60 students of English in the universities in Makassar. The data of this research were collected by employing a survey of Google Form and analyzed descriptively and qualitatively. The result of the research shows that the English students in the universities in Makassar gave their positive perceptions about the use of social media. The informants have been using social media in their daily life and also nowadays has applied the social media as a tool of learning English. Some advantages and strategies in using social media in learning English were displayed in this study. Findings from this study will become important input for students themselves in the university context and also as beneficial information among the university practitioners in order to make use the social media in the university not only as communication tool but also as learning and teaching tools.

Character education gets a lot of attention from stakeholders and educators to be developed; hence, many models have been created to develop the affective domain. This study aimed to analyze the relationship and contribution of critical thinking skills and social skills with students' character through the application of discovery models. The population of this study were high school students in Situbondo. The research sample was chosen from SMA Negeri 1 Besuki with the purposive sampling method. The research instrument to measure critical thinking skills was an essay test developed from Facione's critical thinking skills rubric. Social skills were measured using instruments adopted from Social Skills inventory. To examine students' character, observation sheets were developed from six pillars of character element of the Josephson Institute. The validity and reliability of the instruments were performed before using them. The results of the validity calculation with product-moment correlation analysis and the reliability calculation with Cronbach's alpha analysis showed that the instrument was valid and reliable so that it could be used in this study. Data were analyzed using multiple regression. The results showed critical thinking skills and social thinking skills together had a contribution to the development of students' character in the application of discovery learning models. This research can be a reference for readers about the contribution of students' critical thinking skills and social skills to developing students' character. Further research is needed to find out other impacts that affect students' character.

How dyslexia students solve number operations is still challenging to unravel. This study aimed at revealing the types of errors conveyed by a dyslexic student in performing fractional operations on mathematical tasks that combined non-verbal text (symbols and pictures) and verbal text. The data were collected using a task-based interview with a 13- year-old dyslexic student that was recorded and focused on the types of errors on fractional operations (addition, subtraction, multiplication, and division). Results depicted that the student overgeneralized whole number operations when adding two fractions with different denominators although she successfully converted the area model of fraction into a correct fraction operation, identified a common denominator but failed to change the fractions into equivalent form when subtracting two mixed fractions, failed to interpret a multiplication word problem into subtraction operation, and applied only part of the "invert and multiply" algorithm on a word problem. The assumption of the phonological disturbances that was found in the student participant's performance was not found consistently in all the given word problem.

Students need to possess sensitivity to the environment in order to behave positively when they notice a problem and find the right solution. This study intends to investigate whether the PBHL model affects the environmental sensitivity of Social Science Education students on environmental issues and conservation materials. The quasi-experimental design of the pretest-posttest controlled group was used in this study. Students of the Social Science Education Department, Universitas Islam Negeri Maulana Malik Ibrahim Malang, Indonesia, were selected as research subjects using a purposive sampling technique. The research subjects were determined to consist of class D as the experimental class (29 students) and class B as the control class (29 students). Questionnaires with a Likert scale of 1 (strongly disagree) -- 4 (strongly agree) were used in taking student environmental sensitivity data on environmental issues and conservation materials, totaling 28 items with indicators: knowledge, attitudes, and skills. Subsequently, the data were tested for normality and homogeneity and analyzed using an independent sample t-test. The results showed that the PBHL model had a significant effect on the environmental sensitivity of Social Science Education students on environmental issues and conservation materials ((p (0.009) < [alpha] (0.05)). The average results of the sensitivity of the experimental class environment (N-Gain = 13.29) were higher than the control class (N-Gain = 8.75). This goal can be achieved through the syntax in the PBHL model. The suggestion for further research is that it is necessary to develop further by combining the PBHL model and interactive mobile learning media as a means for students to investigate and actualize problem-solving.

A survey and exploratory study were conducted to analyze Lake Tempe as a resource for contextual learning (CTL). The first phase of the study included exploring the lake's potential through interviews with the people who live in the lake's coastal region. Quadrat transects were done to identify aquatic plants around the lake. A feasibility analysis was conducted to see the lake's potential as a learning resource. Field data were collected and compared to the environmental biology (EB) curriculum, responses, and learning outcome. The data were analyzed descriptively and tested using a paired sample t-test. The results showed differences in the three stations' physicochemical parameters and decreased quality of the water. It was found that anthropogenic activity had a significant contribution to the lake's pollution. Nine species of six aquatic plant families were found in the lake. The survey revealed that the lake was feasible as a learning resource with criteria easy to access, safety, time efficiency, costs, and the material's suitability for EB courses. The t-test showed a difference in the students' scores between before and after exploration practices. These findings suggest that Lake Tempe can serve as a resource for CTL in EB courses.

Students' previous knowledge at a superficial level is reviewed when they solve mathematical problems. This action is imperative to strengthen their knowledge and provide the right information needed to solve the problems. Furthermore, Pirie and Kieren's theory stated that the act of returning to a previous level of understanding is called folding back. Therefore, this descriptive-explorative study examines high school students' levels of knowledge in solving mathematics problems using the folding back method. The sample consists of 33 students classified into male and female groups, each interviewed to determine the results of solving arithmetic problems based on gender. The results showed differences in the level of students' understanding in solving problems. Male students carried out the folding back process at the level of image having, formalizing, and structuring. Their female counterparts conducted it at image-making, property noticing, formalizing, and observing. Subsequently, both participants were able to carry out understanding activities, including explaining information from a mathematical problem, defining the concept, having an overview of a particular topic, identifying similarities and differences, abstracting mathematical concepts, and understanding its ideas in accordance with a given problem. This study suggested that Pirie and Kieren's theory can help teachers detect the features of students' understanding in solving mathematical problems.

The increased awareness of the impact of carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions and consumption of fossil fuels on the environment has led to world-wide research focused on sustainable transportation solutions. University campuses are one of the affected environments involved in this issue as a high dependency on private vehicles causes' traffic congestion in the campus area particularly during peak hours leading to concerns about parking especially for the established universities. Therefore, alternative transport solutions should be considered in minimizing the environmental consequences specifically within the campus area. This study aims to examine the extent of sustainable transportation practices implemented by a university campus in a developing country, Malaysia and Indonesia. A survey methodology was applied using self-administered questionnaires as the main technique of data collection. Both, UiTM Puncak Alam, Selangor, Malaysia and Universitas Negeri Semarang, Indonesia are selected as the sample study and the target observations are focused on the transportation pathway which includes transportation modes, passengers, terminal and parking space. The study is expected to enrich the existing sustainable model of Stakeholder Theory to deliver a more robust competency model to provide solutions in creating sustainable transportation in university campuses. Subsequently, the outcome would support Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs 2030), Mid-term Review of the Eleventh Malaysia Plan [2016-2020], Indonesia's long-term development plan to phase IV period 2020-2025 through better adoption of low- carbon supply chain practices in order to reduce GHG emission. This is in line with Malaysia and Indonesia's commitment in being a key part of the global transition to a low-carbon, and eventually carbon- neutral society by 2050.

This research aimed to develop instructional media for occupational safety and health android-based for vocational schools. The second aim is to determine the feasibility of instructional media and student responses. The type of research is research and development (R&D) with the Analysis, Design, Development, Implementation, Evaluation (ADDIE) method, namely, analysis, design, development, implementation, and evaluation. The instrument used for data collection was a questionnaire with fourth scales. Data collection used an assessment questionnaire for two experts and 103 users. Research data analysis techniques used quantitative descriptive analysis. This study's results have produced products in the form of android-based instructional media for Occupational Safety and Health. In this study, we designed and developed an application called Zerosicks for mobile devices to help students learn occupational safety and health principles. The results of testing for all features and navigation work well and under their functions. The assessment results by content experts, media experts, and students as users indicate that this media has a very decent level of eligibility. Suggestions for product development are to add videos to the media, provide selected music, and add discussion forums for users.

This study was conducted to determine the effectiveness of virtual laboratory based on semi second life (s-SL) on higher order thinking skills of general senior secondary school in chemistry learning process. The research design was adopted posttest only design approach to a quasi-experimental. This study was conducted in the one of public general senior secondary school in 3T regions -- Bangkalan City -- one of the cities in East Java Province, Indonesia. There were 81 students in the grade 11 of natural science who involved in this study. The participants were divided into three groups, namely the students who did practical work by demonstration methods in chemistry real laboratory, the students who did practical work by experiment methods in virtual laboratory based on s-SL, and the students who did practical work by combination both of them (demonstration methods in chemistry real laboratory and experiment methods in virtual laboratory based on s-SL). The students in each group was tested by posttest of higher order thinking skills. The data was analysed with one-way ANOVA. The results of data analysis shows that there is a significance difference of each groups. Virtual laboratory based on s-SL has enough effect on the students' higher order thinking skills.

Textbooks provide students with models of written scientific literacy and also access to a wide range of knowledge. However, deconstructing their text structures which has potential contribution to facilitating students' reading comprehension receives lack of attention. The present study is to classify the genres and their generic structures within the textbooks used at Universitas Islam Negeri, North Sumatra, Indonesia (UIN-SU) for the purpose of teaching reading Economics and Islamic Economics texts. Data of the study were two textbooks of Economics and Islamic Economics. Five main genre frameworks based on Systemic Functional Linguistics (SFL) were used as method of the analysis: Report, Explanation, History, Argument, and Response genres. In the Economics, 17 genre types including two new ones under four main genre families of Explanation, Report, Argument, and History were found. On the other hand, in its counterpart, 25 genre types including 6 new ones under five genre families of History, Report, Explanation, Argument, and Response were identified. The difference of the key findings between the textbooks is proposed to be the consequences of the ideological discrepancy to which the textbooks belong as well as the resource discrepancy from which the two subdisciplines of Economics are oriented.

The empowerment of metacognitive skills has an important role in increasing the capacity of critical thinking and active control of students' cognitive processes in learning. Metacognitive skills can be enhanced through the implementation of learning strategies involving higher-order thinking. The RQA, ADI, RQA integrated with ADI are constructivistic learning strategies that can accommodate these skills. The researches specifically examining the correlation between metacognitive skills and critical thinking skills at the implementation of RQA, ADI, and RQA integrated with ADI learning strategies are still rarely found. This research is a correlational research, aiming at revealing the correlation between metacognitive skills and critical thinking skills. The data of metacognitive skills and critical thinking skills are collected by using a valid and reliable essay test. The samples of this research are the fourth semester (IV) biology education students programming Animal Physiology course in the 2016/2017 academic year consisting of 109 students. The results of this research show that (1) there was a significant correlation between metacognitive skills and critical thinking skills at the implementation of the four learning strategies, (2) the regression equations analyzed using Anova obtain regression lines (not coincide), and non parallel regression lines (intersected); meaning that there is a difference in the increase rate and magnitude of the critical thinking skills influenced by the four learning strategies. It is expected that the teachers and the lecturers always strive to improve the quality of the learning process through the implementation of active and constructive learning strategies.

This study aims to describe: (1) The validity and reliability of the PISA model mathematical problems on the change and relationship content developed; (2) The practicality of PISA mathematical problem models on the developed change and relationship content; (3) Students' mathematical problem-solving abilities on mathematical problems in the PISA model of content change and relations developed. This research is a Tessmer type development model. This study consists of 2 stages, namely the preliminary stage, and the formative evaluation (prototyping) stage which includes expert reviews, one-to-one, and small groups and the field test (high resistance in revision) stage. The subjects of this study were 32 students of Grade VIII-2 of SMP Negeri 6 Padangsidimpuan. Data collection techniques used were walkthrough, documents, tests, and questionnaires. Based on the results of the study, it was found that the mathematical problems of the PISA model on the content of change and relationship that has been developed produce valid questions that are reliable with high interpretation, as well as practical. PISA mathematical problem tests on the content of change and relationship with the students' mathematical problem-solving ability reached a score of 62.50% with enough categories.

This study was intended to display the role of eco-school program (Adiwiyata) towards environtmental literacy (EL) of high school students by analyzing, (a) EL of students in Adiwiyata and non-Adiwiyata high schools, and (b) EL of students in Grade X and XI, Adiwiya and non-Adiwiyata high schools in Malang-East Java, Indonesia. The survey involved 275 students. The respondents were from four state high school i.e. SMAN 1, SMAN 3, SMAN 4, and SMAN 7. Data were taken via MSELS questionnaire that was modified and filled online. Aspects of EL include ecological knowledge, environmental affect, cognitive skills, and behavior. The results of multivariate analysis showed that the level of students' EL was significantly influenced by school type and grade. However, the interaction both of them had no significant effect on their EL. Univariate results on school type factor informed that significant differences occured in all aspects of EL, where the lower identified level of students in Adiwiyata schools compared to NonAdiwiyata was only in the environmental affect. On the other hand, the significant influence of grade level only occurred in cognitive skills aspect. Broadly speaking, all data analyzes concluded that the application of the Adiwiyata program was able to bring a positive impact on the level of students' EL. There was also a tendency that the higher the student's grade, the better their EL level.

The great importance of textbooks in the English language in the academic, pedagogic, and scientific world is uncontested. Acquiring holistic knowledge of legal transdisciplinary is of great importance to Islamic law students in Indonesia. Nevertheless, English reading proficiency of Indonesian students is problematic. The present research was to identify the genre types and unfold them through what patterns the genres are mostly structured. Data of the study were one Islamic law textbook and one jurisprudence textbook used as teaching resources and required reading at Universitas Islam Negeri Sumatera Utara, Indonesia. Based on the five main Systemic functional linguistics-based genre frameworks for the analysis, findings from the Islamic law textbook showed 18 genre types including three proposed ones under four genre families of which History genres are the most frequent ones followed by Explanation, Report, and Argument genres. On the other hand, 16 genre types including three new ones belonging to four genre families were identified in the jurisprudence in which Report genres are the most frequent ones followed by Argument, Explanation, and History genres. The commonalities and discrepancies of the findings between the two legal textbooks are assumed to be the logical results of the ideological differences and the resource aspects from which the legal discipline is oriented. The findings of the study would be useful to design teaching of reading legal English texts that can facilitate students which is unfortunately neglected by both English and law teachers.

Questions serve as an element that can be used to access and stimulate students' thinking ability. This research aimed at analyzing the students' ability to pose Higher-Order Thinking Skills (HOTS) questions during the learning process. This research was a survey research using a descriptive quantitative approach. The samples used in the research were biology education students of UIN Alauddin Makassar and Universitas Muslim Maros, South Sulawesi with the total of 92 students. The instrument used in this research was an observation sheet of questioning skills for the biology pre-service teachers. The results of this research showed that the implementations of RQA, ADI, and RQA integrated with ADI learning strategies were dominated with HOTS questions, while the learning using the conventional learning strategy was dominated with the Lower-Order Thinking Skills (LOTS) questions. The percentages of the HOTS questions in the learning using RQA, ADI, RQA integrated with ADI, and the conventional learning strategy were 60.53%, 55.71%, 64.91%, and 19.35% respectively. This finding indicates that the RQA integrated with ADI strategy contributes the significant impact in stimulating students' ability in posing HOTS questions in the classroom.

The state requires leaders who own intelligence and characters. Indonesia as a developing country is clearly very interested in finding out how to integrate the character values into the learning process in the classroom. Japan becomes a destination because it can provide character education to its students. Research Team of Universitas Negeri Semarang (UNNES) held collaborative research with Professor Takuya Baba, Ph.D. from Hiroshima University, Japan as the Partner Lecturer. The purpose of this qualitative research was to get input on how elementary school teachers in Japan integrate the character values in learning, especially in math lessons. Its main activities, conducting class observations, interviews, Focus Group Discussion, and triangulation with guidance from the Partner Lecturer. The research site was Miyauchi Elementary School of Hiroshima and at IDEC of Hiroshima University. As a result, the UNNES research team obtained ways to integrate the values of characters in learning, especially in math lessons. The result of this research is expected to be applied at elementary schools in Semarang, Indonesia.

Mathematical problem solving ability is one of the most important abilities students must have to process the information provided in solving problems. Before using mathematical problem solving skills, prior knowledge becomes the most crucial thing that makes students able to connect all available information so that they can construct new knowledge through the process of assimilation or accommodation.The purpose of this reseach is to:(1) Analyze prior knowledge what student has so the student can solve the problem of tangent circle given; (2) Know how learning trajectory in student's mathematical problem solving ability by applying metacognition approach. This reaseacrch is a design research to improve the quality of learning. In this reseacrh researchers gave 3 test questions on students' mathematical problem solving abilities. One trial was conducted in class VIII-B and trial II was conducted in class VIII-A, each consisting of 30 students junior high school. The result of students answer analysis shows the mast problematic topic that makes the studnts are difficult to solve the problem is about the tangent cicrcle that is the elements of the circle and the concept of circle circumtance there are three phased in learning path of students mathematical problem solving skill that are under standing the problem, making the problem solving plan by prrior knowledge and doing problem solving and evaluating it. From this explanation, it is better for teachers to ensure students have sufficient prior knowledge to make it easier to construct new knowledge, as well as make the learning process fun and meaningful so that students will remember knowledge in long-term memory.

Mathematical creative ability is one of the most important skills students must have to process the information provided in resolving the problem. Before using mathematical creative skills, prior knowledge becomes the most crucial thing that allows students to connect all existing information so that they can construct new knowledge through assimilation or accommodation processes. The process of forming mathematical concepts with metacognitive questions that might be carried out by students causes a metacognitive process in students that will affect their mathematical behavior. The purpose of this study is to (1) analyze prior knowledge of what students miss or forget so that they have difficulty to answer the given geometry problem, (2) how the learning path of creative thinking of students with the application of metacognitive approach. This type of research is Design Research to improve the quality of learning. This type of research is research design, data collection techniques .The researcher gave 2 geometry questions to 38 8th graders selected randomly in SMP Medan city. Questions given are tailored to Cognitive level 4 (C4) for questions 1 and C5 for question 2 based on Bloom's taxonomy. Data analysis techniques are descriptive qualitative.This study shows that prior knowledge becomes important to build students' mathematical creative ability to gain new knowledge, especially in the field of geometry. The most problematic topics that make it difficult for them to understand geometry are the area of the rectangle and the cube webs. In dividing the rectangle into two equal parts, students still have not created another form of flat build or have not been able to get out of the rectangular pattern or exactly the same as the available problem. There are five phases of learning trajectory of hierarchically creative mathematical thinking, which is orientation to problem, problem solving plan, plan realization, previous knowledge mastery / concept of mathematical creativity and evaluation of result obtained. Students do metacognition on the learning path of creative thinking in a comprehensive way from evaluation to planning, action to the formation of prior knowledge and selection of creative ideas. From these explanations, it is important that teachers need to ensure students have enough prior knowledge to make it easier to construct new knowledge, as well as to make learning fun and meaningful so that students will remember knowledge in long-term memory.

This study aims to determine the effect of government policy, school principal leadership, and parental participation on the strengthening of KKG/MGMP teacher organizations and developing students' problem solving abilities. This paper is part of a field study on KKG (elementary school) and MGMP (Junior/senior high school) in DKI Jakarta, Indonesia, with a total sample of 120 teachers. Data collection was carried out using questionnaire techniques, interviews, and conducting focus group discussions (FGD). The distribution of questionnaires to test the relationship between variables was analyzed with the help of the LISREL 8.80 program. The results showed that the three exogenous latent variables had a positive influence on the endogenous latent variables in the strengthening of the KKG/MGMP teacher organization, reinforcing that the teacher organization had a positive influence in developing students' problem solving ability. The influence of parental participation had a considerable effect and it made an important contribution in supporting teachers to participate in KKG/MGMP activities. It is recommended that the government revoke the regulations on prohibiting schools from collecting funding from parents, in order to let the school design school improvement programs with strict supervision and control to prevent deviations.

Purpose: It is still unclear how Asian universities incorporate the theory or practice of sustainable development (SD) in their research and education programmes. To address this gap, the purpose of this paper is to report on a study that has examined how universities in Asian countries handle and address matters related to SD. Design/methodology/approach: The study used a bibliometric analysis and an online survey-method. The online survey data were analysed through descriptive analysis and one-sample student's "t"-test. Findings: The study indicates that there is considerable variation among the Asian countries regarding sustainability practices in higher education institutions (HEIs). The HEIs in far eastern countries, such as Indonesia, Malaysia and Thailand are perceived to demonstrate more sustainability practices. Research limitations/implications: Even though a substantial number of participants participated in the survey, it did not cover all Asian countries. The online survey was carried out over a limited period of time, and not all HEIs in the field may have received information about the study. Practical implications: Asia is the largest continent facing a number of sustainability challenges. In this context, the contribution of HEIs is very important. The findings of the current study may serve as a baseline for Asian HEIs to take more initiatives towards SD goals, as HEIs are responsible for the education and training of hundreds of thousands of students who will be occupying key positions in industry, government or education in the coming years. Originality/value: The study contributes to the existing literature in two distinct ways. First, it was possible to develop a comprehensive instrument to measure sustainability practices in HEIs. Second, this study has filled the gap of the scarcity of studies regarding sustainability practices in HEIs in Asia.

This study aimed at: 1) Examining the effect of RMS learning model to metacognitive skills. 2) Examining the effect of different academic abilities against metacognitive skills. 3) Examining the effect of interaction between RMS learning model and different academic abilities against metacognitive skills. This study is quasi experiment which employed pretest and posttest non equivalent group design. The instrument of this study was essay test with high level of reliability 0.712. Descriptive analysis and ANACOVA statistical analysis were applied to analyze the obtained data. The results showed that RMS learning model effectively improved metacognitive skills and able to aligned students' metacognitive skills in different academic abilities. The highest indicator metacognitive skills are shown on the indicator planning with descriptions set goals with a value of 90%. The impact of RMS learning models was 51.5% higher than conventional models on metacognitive skills.

Metacognitive knowledge is a necessity in starting learning process. Solving physics problems requires metacognitive knowledge which comprises factual, conceptual and procedural knowledge. The purpose of metacognitive knowledge is to train students in developing their abilities in higher order of thinking. The problem is what kind of strategies can be used by teachers to facilitate student's comprehension? This study used "sketch knowledge strategy" (SKS) as a strategy to help students in solving high order of physics problems and its influence on their metacognitive understanding. The target variable strategy was used as a comparison in order to examine its effects. The results showed that the concept of sketch strategy was more significant in solving metacognitive problems than that of the target variable strategy.

This research aims to describe the condition of learning media for writing expositions in accordance with the needs of teachers and students, the development of VCD learning media for writing expository texts using a scientific approach, and to test the effectiveness of VCD learning media for the expository writing using a scientific approach at senior high schools in Wonogiri Regency, Indonesia. This research used a research and development (R & D) approach. The data were analyzed qualitatively and quantitatively to know the effectiveness of the Indonesian language development model, and experiments set to conduct the pretest and posttest of control group designs. The results of this research prove that students and teachers need learning media manifested in the form of learning expository VCD texts that contain two or more exposition texts. In terms of form, the title used in the prototyped VCD learning of exposition text is "Writing exposition texts for senior high schools using a scientific approach" and the selected image is an expository text illustration with simple and casual colors. In terms of the content, the VCD learning of exposition text is equipped with a list of menu impressions consisting of an exposition text known as writing exposition texts for senior high schools using a scientific approach with a model of voice. The assessment results of expert lecturers and teachers show (1) a dimension of VCD learning of exposition texts that has three average values obtained from the teacher and the other three average values from the expert. The dimension of a VCD feature is good, (2) in terms of the VCD text menu dimension, three average values were obtained from the teacher and the other three average from the expert. In short, the text menu dimension on the VCD is good, and (3) on the VCD content dimension, three average values were obtained from the teacher, and the other three average values from the expert. The main menu dimension on the VCD is good.

It is believed that the students' low reading proficiency, as shown in their TOEIC scores, is due to their poor reading habit. One of the ways to overcome such a problem is by facilitating them with a lot of reading practices in an extensive reading program. Since today non-printed multimodal texts (NPMT) and Linear texts (LT) are available in the society, an experiment on which mode is most effective to enhance the students' reading proficiency needs to be done. This study aims to investigate the effect of implementing non-printed multimodal text in an extensive reading program on the students' reading comprehension. Two groups of students undertaking engineering major at a polytechnic in Surabaya, one group was exposed to NPMT and the other to LT in a one-semester extensive reading program, were chosen to be the subject of this quasi experimental study. A pretest and posttest on TOEIC were conducted to measure the students' reading proficiency (only the reading scores of the test were analysed for the purpose of the study). The t-test analysis using SPPS for windows 23 shows that there is a significant difference in achievement between those who are exposed to NPMT and LT after the reading program ends (p-value = 0.010). The NPMT group gain better reading proficiency than that of the LT. It means the use of non-printed multimodal text in extensive reading can boost the students' reading comprehension.

The aim of this research was to: (1) compare the effectiveness of OIDDE (Orientation, Identify, Discussion, Decision, and Engage in Behavior) learning model and conventional learning models in improving bioethics knowledge; (2) compare the effectiveness of OIDDE learning model and conventional learning models in improving ethical decision-making abilities; and (3) comparing the effectiveness of OIDDE learning model and conventional learning model in improving ethical attitudes. The research design was a quasi experimental non-equivalent control group design pretest post-test. The research population was the second semester students of the biology pre-service teachers' department of biology education of the FTTE Muhammadiyah University of Malang. Sampling was done by simple random sampling and obtained 76 students were divided into 37 students in the experimental group and 39 students in the control group. Data collecting is carried out through bioethical knowledge tests, and ethical decision- making, and scoring of ethical attitudes. Data were analyzed by ANCOVA, Kolmogorv-Smirnov, and unpaired T test. The results showed that there were significant differences in the effectiveness of achieving improved bioethics knowledge, ethical decision making, and ethical attitudes between OIDDE and conventional learning models, namely the effectiveness of OIDDE learning models higher than conventional learning models.

Students' critical thinking skills are very important in the 21st century. Learning strategies can play a role in enhancing students' critical thinking skills in the Nutrition and Health lecture. The results of a survey in 2013 showed that the implementation of learning strategies had not given students the opportunity to practice their critical thinking skills optimally. The new strategy, a combination of "PDEODE" and "STAD," can be used to overcome the occurring problems. The purpose of this research was to determine the increase in students' critical thinking skills in the nutrition and health lecture after they were taught using a combination of "PDEODE" and "STAD." This was a pre-experimental research using a "one group pretest-posttest" research design. The samples of this research were one class consisting of 41 university students. The results of the test were analyzed with quantitative methods, by using statistical analysis, "paired samples T-test," and to know the effectiveness using gain scores. The results showed that the significance was 0.000 (p <0.05) and the gain score was 0.58. Thus, it can be concluded that the strategy of combining "PDEODE" and "STAD" can effectively improve the students' critical thinking skills in the nutrition and health lecture.

This study aimed at determining the effect of recycle materials usage for science practicum on students' basic science process skills of the Open University, Surakarta. Recycle materials are the term used for the obtained materials and equipment from the students' environment by taking back the garbage or secondhand objects into goods or new products which have a benefit for practicum activities. Randomized posttest only control group design was applied in this study and involving 83 students which divided into experimental class and control class. Collected data were science process skills test and questionnaire. The results of this study obtained Kruskal Wallis test result of 0.000<0.05. So, there was effect of recycle materials usage for science practicum on students' science process skills. Students also provided positive feedback on the use of recycle materials for science lab activities.

This research aims to develop a student-centered learning model based on local culture and instrument of mathematical higher order thinking of junior high school students in the frame of the 2013-Curriculum in North Sumatra, Indonesia. The subjects of the research are seventh graders which are taken proportionally random consisted of three public junior high schools with 86 students and two private schools with 40 students. As a Developmental Research, the work is done within three stages. The results obtained in the second stage, both learning tools (books of students, teachers, and students' activities sheet) and research instruments are valid with minor revisions, and the results of the trial showed that the reliability scores of the tests comprising of Comparison (MAT-1), Social Arithmetic (MAT-2), Triangle (MAT-3), Quadrilateral (MAT-4), and Transformation (MAT-5) respectively 0.835, 0.588, 0.438, 0.833, and 0.908. The findings showed that the student-centered learning based on local culture model and the instrument for higher order mathematical thinking ability are valid and effective to use in teaching mathematics for junior high school.

This article reports on a study investigating the perceptions of EFL teachers in schools and language courses (henceforth, teachers) and EFL lecturers in tertiary educational institutions (academic staff) from Indonesia regarding their definitions of and their engagements in teacher research. An online questionnaire was used to gather quantitative data from almost 400 EFL teachers and academic staff from Indonesia. The questionnaire was followed by in-depth interviews with some respondents who met the criteria set and agreed to be interviewed. Results from the study show that both teachers and academic staff align research with evidence-based practice, survey, literature-driven practice and professional communication, and observation-based popular article. In terms of engagements, most of the teachers and academic staff read research papers occasionally, and more academic staff did research compared to teachers. Research done by both teachers and academic staff is largely associated with internal and external factors, such as, professional awareness and professional obligation, with academic staff seem to receive more support to engage in research. The findings of the study provide insights for future continuous professional development (CPD) activities for English teachers and academic staff. The activities might involve exploring ways to integrate teacher research into teachers' and academic staff's teaching responsibilities and integrating teacher research into the short-term and long-term goals of CPD.

Objective: This study aimed to determine the correlation between pentraxin-3 and procalcitonin levels with Sequential Organ Failure Assessment (SOFA) scores in septic patients. Design: This observational analysis with a cross-sectional method assessed the correlation between pentraxin-3 (PTX-3) and procalcitonin (PCT) levels and the SOFA scores of septic patients. Setting: We conducted this study in the Intensive Care Unit (ICU) of Dr. Wahidin Sudirohusodo Hospital and Medical Laboratory Center of Hasanuddin University from December 2023 to April 2024. Patients and participants: Thirty-two patients with clinical sepsis were admitted to the ICU of Dr. Wahidin Sudirohusodo Hospital. Intervention: Blood samples were collected on day 1 and day 2 of ICU care in septic patients to measure pentraxin-3 and procalcitonin levels. Measurements and results: The Wilcoxon test showed a significant difference in pentraxin-3 levels on ICU care's first and second days (p=0.036). Similarly, there was a significant difference in procalcitonin levels on the first and second days of ICU care. The Spearman correlation test found a significant correlation between procalcitonin and SOFA scores (p=0.008) with a correlation value r=0.462 on the first and second days. The resulting correlation value showed a positive correlation, which meant that the higher the procalcitonin level in septic patients, the higher the SOFA scores with moderate strength (correlation value 0.4-<0.6). The correlation of pentraxin- 3 with the Spearman test showed a positive correlation on the first day. In contrast, on the second day, there was no significant statistical value with the SOFA scores with a correlation value p=0.093 (p>0.05). Conclusion: Pentraxin-3 and procalcitonin levels correlate with SOFA scores in septic patients admitted to the ICU. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This research aims to produce a learning instrument based on hypermedia which is valid, interesting, practical, and effective as well as to know its influence on the problem based skill of students Mathematical and Science Faculty, Makassar State University. This research is a research and development at (R&D) type. The development procedure was referred to Four-D model consisted of definition phase, design phase, development phase and dissemination phase. The trial test used non-equivalent control group design. The subject of this study was 14 students year 2014/2015 majoring Physics Education as a control class and 30 students of International Class Program (ICP) of Physics Education as an experimental class. The data analysis used Content Validity Ratio (CVR), descriptive analysis, and inferential analysis. The results obtained after applying physics learning instrument based on hypermedia were valid, interesting, practical, and effective assessment. Based on descriptive analysis the average score of ICP class (experimental class) was higher than those of physics education (control class) and the test result based on t-test it was found that there is significantly difference of problem solving skill between control class which used power point with experimental class which used learning instrument based on hypermedia. The results showed that its differences identify the increase of problem solving skill which consists of mapping problems, mathematical skills, numerical skill, space and graph awareness, and estimation skill. Thus, physics learning instrument based on hypermedia can give influence the improvement of problem solving skill of students in FMIPA UNM.

The study reports the evaluation and analysis of the implementation of the Nature Environment Exploration approach in the Department of Biology, Universitas Negeri Semarang State University. The method used was survey method. The results showed that the implementation of the Nature Environment Exploration approach was still far from optimal results determined in the indicators within learning preparation, implementation of the process of learning, and assessment of learning outcomes, even to the level of understanding of lecturers in implementing the approach in the classroom. The implementation of JAS approach was needed a model of teaching, one of which is Experiential Nature Environment Exploration (EJAS).

This study is conducted to determine the effectiveness of teaching grammar-in-context to minimize students' grammatical errors in writing. The design of the study was a quasi-experimental with a non-randomized pretest-posttest control group. The samples of the study were taken from the population of the tenth-grade students. The control group was taught by conventional grammar which was separately given with writing skills. Likewise, the experimental one was treated by teaching grammar-in-context. The results of the study showed that the mean score in the post-test was higher than that in the pretest; and the mean score of experimental group increased 16.20 point after the treatment. This result indicated that teaching grammar in-context is considered to be effective in minimizing students' grammatical errors in writing.

This study aimed to investigate the Multiple Intelligences profiles of the students at junior secondary school in Makassar. The Multiple Intelligences Inventory was used to identify the dominant intelligence among the students. The sample of this research was 302 junior secondary schools students in Makassar Indonesia who willing to participated in this study. Descriptive and inferential statistics were used to investigate the students' MI profiles. The results of this study showed that all intelligences were possessed by the students either in strong, moderate, or weak category. Existential intelligence became the strongest intelligence among the nine types of multiple intelligences. Moreover, other types of multiple intelligences in strong category were interpersonal intelligence and verbal-linguistic intelligence. They were the second and the third intelligence of the strongest intelligences. The other types were in moderate category, were intrapersonal intelligence, musical intelligence, visual-spatial intelligence, logical mathematic intelligence, bodily-kinesthetic intelligence, and naturalist intelligence. In terms of gender, the study revealed, male students significantly possessed stronger in logical-mathematic intelligence, bodily-kinesthetic intelligence, and intrapersonal intelligence, Meanwhile, Female students were significantly stronger in musical intelligence, interpersonal intelligence, and existential intelligence. The results also showed that there was no significant difference between male students and female students in verbal linguistic intelligence, visual-spatial intelligence, and naturalist intelligence.

The meaning of fractions with integer multiplication is something that is difficult to understand by students. They tend to think that the product it produces a larger number, while the multiplication of fractions with integers, the result can be any number larger or smaller. This study is a research design that aims to develop a local instructional theory to support the students expand their understanding of the meaning of multiplication of fractions with integers. By applying the characteristics of realistic mathematics education (Realistic Mathematics Education), the researchers designed a series of instructional activities related to daily life, such as Indonesia prepares dishes and equitable distribution. Participants of this study were Grade 5 students from an elementary school in Surabaya, along with a mathematics teacher of that class. Some students of the class participated in the first cycle, in order to see how the design of the hypothetical learning trajectory (Hypothetical Learning Trajectory) is running. After going through several revisions, HLT is then implemented in all the other students in grade 5. The results showed that students' prior knowledge affect their learning process. The fractions solve multiplication problems with whole numbers, some students convert the integers to fractions and then use a fraction by a fraction multiplication procedure. The learning process begins with students exploring the contextual situation of fair division, where students extend their understanding that the fraction associated with the division and multiplication. One indicator that the student has broadened his understanding is the more varied representation of the given problem.

This paper focuses on an implementation a sequence of instructional activities about addition of fractions that has been developed and implemented in grade four of primary school in Surabaya, Indonesia. The theory of Realistic Mathematics Education (RME) has been applied in the sequence, which aims to assist low attaining learners in supporting students' thinking in the addition of fractions. Based on the premise that eliciting and addressing learners' alternative conceptions in mathematics is beneficial in assisting them to improve their understanding, the paper seeks to explore the role that RME plays pertaining to this particular supposition. The paper presents and discusses examples of learners' responses to contextual problems given to them during the course of the instructional activities.

Learning the concept of perimeter and area is not easy for students in grade 3 of primary school. A common mistake is that students think that if the area is the same, the perimeter also has to be the same. It is difficult for them to understand that for a given area, there are many possibilities of perimeter and vice versa. When student are not aware of this relation they might be confused about the concept in their continuation of the learning process. This research was conducted to study if it would support students' understanding of the concept of perimeter and area if we let them explore the relation between perimeter and area in the very first phase of the learning process. Design research was chosen as the method to study this issue and the three basic principles in The Realistic Mathematics approach were applied in this study to support the learning process of perimeter and area. Real life context such as picture frames was chosen in developing a sequence of learning line to reach the learning goal of perimeter and area. The partipants of this research were students and mathematics teachers of grade 3 in one of the elementary school in Surabaya. Two classes were taken to involve in the first cycle and second cycle respectively. The teaching experiment shows that the class activities such as making photo frame, measuring photo paper with sticky paper and arranging shapes with wooden matches are activities which can be used to reveal the relation of perimeter and area. From those activities students build their own understanding that in fact area and perimeter are not in one to one correspondence, they found that for the given area they might find different perimeter or vice versa. They also found the reason why they multiply length and width to count the area of rectangular or square shape from sticky paper activity. Somehow some students were found to still struggle with their understanding of area and perimeter. They often simply count the area and perimeter but when it comes into comparing the area or perimeter they still struggle to differentiate between area and perimeter.

Quality assurance for distance higher education is one of the main concerns among institutions and stakeholders today. This paper examines the experiences of Universitas Terbuka (UT), which has initiated and implemented an innovative strategy of quality assurance (QA) for continuous improvement. The credo of the UT quality assurance system is "We write what we do. We do what we write. We check. We improve continuously!" Implementing a quality management system at the UT, a mega-university with a student body of more than a quarter of a million and which involved a network of participating institutions and regional centers, was a formidable task to accomplish. To achieve its lofty goal, UT adopted and contextualized the draft of the Asian Association of Open Universities (AAOU) QA Framework to launch its own quality assurance program. This has taken a great deal of commitment and participation of all staff involved. QA at the UT required systematic and step-by-step processes, including development of the QA framework and job manuals, raising awareness and commitment amongst all staff involved, internal assessment, and integration of QA programs into the university's annual action plans, external assessment and benchmarking. This paper concludes that quality assurance must be developed as institutional policy and strategy for continuous improvement. [This article was published in the Regional Focus Issue: Changing Faces of Open and Distance Education in Asia.]