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The COVID-19 pandemic presented an unprecedented challenge to public health as well as an extraordinary burden on health systems worldwide. COVID-19 vaccines were attributed as a key tool to control the pandemic, with healthcare workers (HCWs) as a priority group to receive the vaccine. Healthcare workers are considered one of the most trusted sources of information on vaccines and vaccination. This study was conducted to evaluate the acceptability of the COVID-19 vaccine among HCWs in four different provinces of Indonesia. An anonymous cross-sectional study was conducted online among HCWs between December 2020 and February 2021. Out of 2732 participants, 80.39% stated that they would accept the COVID-19 vaccine, while 19.61% were hesitant to receive the vaccine. Concerns about the safety profile of COVID-19 vaccines and potential side-effects after vaccination were the main reasons among the participants to refuse the vaccine. Male gender, single status, higher education level, and higher risk perception increased the acceptability of the COVID-19 vaccine. Other motivators of COVID-19 vaccine acceptance include a high level of trust in the government and increased confidence in vaccine safety and efficacy studies. Dissemination of information in a timely manner as well as training programs for HCWs are crucial to increasing confidence in the COVID-19 vaccination program. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: This study aimed to assess STIGMA's effect and knowledge of the COVID-19 vaccine on COVID-19 vaccination. Methods: The research design is cross-sectional with consecutive non-random sampling. The method used is a questionnaire-based survey given online. The questionnaire included respondent characteristics, history of COVID-19 vaccination, stigma, and factors that influenced the COVID-19 vaccination. The data were exported from the Google form to Microsoft Excel version 16.57 for cleaning and coding, and analysis with SPSS 25.0. Variables were analyzed using the chi-square and Fisher's exact tests (95% confidence level and P-value 5%). Correlation using the Spearman test (r is significant if > 0.001) and the odds ratio (OR) of the two variables. Results: The study was attended by 291 respondents aged 15-59 years, 51.9% worked in the health sector, and 48.1% were the general public. Perception regarding knowledge of COVID-19 shows that 79.7% know and 20.3% don't know. 95.5% of respondents knew about the COVID-19 vaccine program, and the remaining 4.9% did not know. Respondents who had received vaccinations were 97.3%, and 2.7% had not been vaccinated. Factors related to the STIGMA of the COVID-19 vaccine were work in the health sector (P = 0.001, r = 0.200), knowledge of COVID-19 (P = 0.001, r = 0.195), and knowledge of the COVID-19 vaccine program (P = 0.000, r = 0.221). Factors related to receiving vaccinations were knowing the COVID-19 vaccine program (P = 0.000, r = 0.574) and the STIGMA of the COVID-19 vaccine (P = 0.000, r = 0.225). Conclusion: Implementing the vaccination program will be successful if the community has good knowledge about vaccines and does not have a STIGMA for vaccines. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: To limit the SARS-CoV-2 transmission, the Indonesian government launched a COVID-19 vaccination program in January 2021. Studies on the clinical treatment and implementation of COVID-19 vaccination have shown promising results; however, it is necessary to estimate the effectiveness of the vaccines. With the ongoing COVID-19 pandemic, studies have highlighted the impact of COVID-19 vaccines, especially CoronaVac, on Indonesian healthcare workers. To get a better picture of how the vaccines work in Indonesia, it is necessary to estimate the prevalence of SARS-CoV-2 anti-S IgG antibody induced by the COVID-19 vaccine in individuals who have already received two-to-three doses of vaccines. Materials and Methods: Four-hundred and ninety-six whole-blood samples were collected from participants residing in Surabaya, East Java, Indonesia, who received a minimum of a two-dose COVID-19 vaccine. Serums were then isolated from the blood and subjected to detect SARS-CoV-2 anti-S IgG antibodies using a lateral flow immunochromatographic assay. Results: The prevalence of positive anti-S-IgG antibodies was 91.7% (455/496) in all participants receiving a minimum of a two-dose COVID-19 vaccine. As many as 209 (85.3%) and 141 (96.6%) participants were seropositive for receiving CoronaVac and AstraZeneca, respectively. Meanwhile, all participants receiving two-dose CoronaVac with one booster dose of Moderna (105/100%) were seropositive (p < 0.05). Age, comorbidity, and time after the last vaccine were significantly correlated with seropositivity (p < 0.05). Conclusion: Different vaccines might produce different antibody responses. Adopting a stronger policy regarding the administration of booster doses might be beneficial to elicit positive anti-S-IgG antibodies, especially among older individuals, those with comorbid diseases, and those with a longer time after the second vaccination dose. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The COVID-19 vaccination can help to reduce the spread of the COVID-19 virus. Low vaccine acceptance among adolescents could exacerbate the risk of COVID-19. The purpose of this study is to determine the prevalence of COVID-19 vaccine acceptance and risk factors among adolescents. This study used cross-sectional with adolescents who are domiciled in Medan City. The sample was gathered through an online survey, and the data was analysed using bivariate and multivariate statistics (Multiple Logistic Regression). According to the findings, 96.2% of respondents are aware of the COVID-19 vaccination programme, and 47.9% are willing to be vaccinated. Social media was predominantly a source of information on COVID-19 vaccination among respondents. The results revealed that economic status, social media information, and knowing the vaccination program had an influence on COVID-19 vaccine acceptance. Health education and promotion amongst the targeted group is needed to increase future COVID-19 vaccine coverage. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: The administration of the COVID-19 vaccine is facing resistance from pregnant women, leading to a lower attitude toward vaccination uptake. Previous studies have explored several factors that contributed to the issue. However, no studies have investigated further the direct and indirect effects of factors that simultaneously influence attitudes toward the COVID-19 vaccine in pregnant women. Purpose: This study aimed to investigate the direct and indirect effects of factors that influence attitudes toward the COVID-19 vaccine (ACV) in pregnant women, particularly hesitancy, motivation, and history of COVID-19 infection (HCI), and to describe a pathway model that represents the effects. Methods: This cross-sectional study recruited 440 pregnant women living in Bekasi and Pandeglang, Indonesia, in May-June 2022 using consecutive sampling methods. This study employed the Motivations of Vaccination Questionnaire, the Reasons for Hesitation Questionnaire, and the Attitudes toward COVID-19 Vaccine Questionnaire. A path analysis was performed to calculate the data. Results: Hesitancy had a more indirect effect (ß=-0.270; p=0.00) than the direct effect (ß=-0.193; p=0.00) on ACV, whereas motivation had a more direct effect (ß=0.092; p=0.04) than the indirect effect (ß=0.074; p=0.00). HCI acted as the mediation variable because it could intercede with the effect of hesitancy on ACV (ß=-0.449; p=0.00). It indicated that HCI in pregnant women would lead to a different approach to increasing ACV. Conclusions: All studied factors had significant impacts on ACV, both directly and indirectly. It is recommended that interventions be adjusted according to the program's purpose, with the aim of increasing motivation or reducing hesitancy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background Parents usually make the decisions on COVID-19 vaccinations for their children under the age of 18. Objective To explore parents' perceptions and expectations of COVID-19 vaccination for children in Banda Aceh. Methods This study used a qualitative design with a phenomenological approach. Data were collected through in-depth interviews of 36 parents in Banda Aceh. The data were analyzed qualitatively through thematic analysis. Results Three themes were studied: (1) perceptions of parents willing to have their children vaccinated against COVID-19, (2) perceptions of parents who refused or delayed their children's vaccination against COVID-19, and (3) parents' expectations regarding COVID-19 vaccination in children. Benefits of the vaccine and government policy were among the reasons that parents were willing to have their children vaccinated. Vaccine safety concerns, lack of information, strong immunity, healthy lifestyle, and religious beliefs were the main reasons for parental refusal or delay in vaccinating their children. Reduced cases of COVID-19 and the end of the pandemic, not being infected, developing immunity, and no adverse events following immunization, faceto-face learning in schools, as well as increased education and socialization from the government, society that was critical and selective in receiving information were the expectation of parents regarding COVID-19 vaccination in children. Conclusion The perception of vaccine benefits and government policy influence parents to have their children vaccinated, while perception of vaccine safety concerns, lack of information, strong immunity, healthy lifestyle, and religious beliefs influence parents to refuse or delay their children being vaccinated. Parents' expectations regarding COVID-19 illness, their children's response to the vaccine and education, as well as the government's and society's roles during the pandemic are qualitatively elucidated. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

COVID-19 was declared a world pandemic in early-mid 2020. After about a year, several vaccines for this virus have been found and become alternative solutions to reduce the spread of the COVID-19 pandemic and build up herd immunity in society. Since early 2021, Indonesia has been one of the countries that participate in using vaccines for the public to fight the COVID-19 pandemic. However, there are a lot of positive and negative responses from Indonesian society related to these COVID-19 vaccines. Implementing a sentiment analysis model for a specific topic like a "vaccine" from social media could help us to see and understand the responses from society in Indonesia towards the vaccine program that is being conducted by the Indonesian government. Understanding society's response towards vaccines is expected to be able to support the Indonesian government, for example in formalizing the distribution strategy of vaccines in the future. This paper discusses how to develop a sentiment analysis model, by implementing several existing technologies such as Twitter API, TextBlob , and Googletrans Python libraries. The utilization of these existing technologies could show how a sentiment analysis model could be developed conveniently, for example in using cases to analyse Indonesian society's responses towards the COVID-19 vaccine program. Besides the solution design, this paper also shows a sample of data visualization of the sentiment analysis model in a meaningful infographics format. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic imposed a pressing global threat. Vaccines against COVID-19 are a key tool to control the ongoing pandemic. The success of COVID-19 vaccination programs will largely depend on public willingness to receive the vaccine. This study aimed to evaluate the acceptability of COVID-19 vaccines among university students and lecturers in four different provinces of Indonesia. An anonymous, cross-sectional study was conducted online among university students and lecturers in Indonesia between 23 December 2020 and 15 February 2021. Of 3433 respondents, 50.3% stated that they would accept COVID-19 vaccination, while 10.7% expressed unwillingness and 39% were not sure about receiving the vaccine. Concern regarding the side effects after COVID-19 vaccination was the main reason among the participants for not willing to receive the vaccine. Being male, associated with the health sector, having a higher monthly expenditure and having health insurance could increase the acceptability of the COVID-19 vaccine. Low trust in the government and low confidence towards vaccine safety and efficacy could hinder participants' decision to be vaccinated. Simple, clear and fact-based information from trusted sources on a regular basis will be important for building confidence towards the COVID-19 vaccination program in Indonesia. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

People living with HIV (PLHIV) are considered a high-risk population for developing a severe form of COVID-19. Vaccination is still one of the most important modalities in combating the disease due to the lack of an effective treatment. This multicenter study was performed from September to December 2021 with the aim to analyze the intention of PLHIV to receive the COVID-19 vaccination based on an integrated behavior model (IBM) in Indonesia. Of a total of 470 participants, 75.6% of patients were intent to be vaccinated. The model that was designed in this study explains 43.4% of the variance in intention to be vaccinated against COVID-19 in PLHIV (adjusted R2 = 0.434). Furthermore, the determinants used included instrumental attitude (β = 0.127, p < 0.05), subjective norm (β = 0.497, p < 0.01), and perceived behavioral control (β = 0.116, p < 0.01). This study concluded that an IBM could predict the intention of PLHIV to receive COVID-19 vaccination. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

International forums have discussed the need for the original/genuine COVID-19 vaccine to cure and protect the populace from the deadly virus and the issue of its counterfeiting. The International Criminal Police Organization issued global alerts to the law enforcement agencies of its 194 member nations to be aware of Covid-19 vaccine counterfeits. Consequently, the present study's focus has been on the international laws associated with the fundamental rights of individuals to have equitable access to the COVID-19 vaccine worldwide. It has also addressed the international laws used to combat COVID-19 vaccine counterfeits. In addition to the objectives mentioned above, the current study examined the case of Indonesia as a low- and middle-income nation to assess the presence of laws governing the rights of citizens to access COVID-19 vaccination and their protection from counterfeits. The researchers utilized a normative judicial research methodology based on secondary data from the available literature and legal documents. Globally, diverse organizations and agencies have stepped forward to secure the rights of individuals to have access to the COVID-19 vaccine without discrimination and to safeguard against counterfeits, according to the findings. Similarly, the results revealed the laws in Indonesia that address infectious diseases and provide citizens with health care protection. The current study is an important addition to the existing body of literature because it not only presents international laws for the prevention of COVID-19 vaccine counterfeiting but also discusses the case of a developing country as a starting point for future researchers. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study aimed to determine the determinants of seeking information related to COVID-19 vaccination by Generation Z through the use of social media. This study used a cross-sectional design. The total sample was 588. Data collection was carried out in July 2021 and analyzed using the Chi-square test. The results showed a significant relationship between gender and the type of social media; education level with a duration of social media; gender and basic information about vaccines; gender and information about the side effects and safety of vaccines; gender and reinvestigation of vaccine information; gender and ability to recognize hoaxes on social media. Gender has a more significant relationship than education level in using social media as a source of information on COVID-19 vaccines. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The paper aims to examine how the Indonesian Ministry of Health utilizes Instagram for communicating the message regarding the COVID-19 vaccine. The widespread awareness, access, and acceptance in Indonesia of COVID-19 vaccines is a social and communication endeavor that is a highly essential consideration of spreading the messages to millions of people. The authors gathered data of Instagram posts from January 1 – May 31, 2021. The data were classified into three groups; risks and crisis information, self-efficiency and sense-making, campaign, events, and activities. The authors applied van Dijk’s critical discourse analysis concept of macrostructure, superstructure, and microstructure. The results show that the Instagram posts of the Indonesian Ministry of Health regarding the COVID-19 vaccine are classified into several sub-themes of each group. The Indonesian Ministry of Health's Instagram account uses a public information model to disseminate COVID-19 vaccination information, according to the message dissemination strategy. It applies one-way communication and indicates that the use of Instagram as a communication channel for promoting COVID-19 vaccinations has not been optimized. Another developing discourse on the Instagram account is that health workers have been prioritized and portrayed as the pandemic's hero. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This research analyze the MOOD analysis in news text about Indonesia's covid-19 vaccine in online newspapers. The purpose of this study is to explain the formula of MOOD analysis realized in grammar and to describe the speakers' mood in the application of the MOOD analysis in Indonesia's covid-19 vaccine article from online newspaper. The main focus of this research is on descriptive text articles and MOOD structure. This type of research is descriptive qualitative, the writersors present the analysis in a description based on the relevant quality on the data and the knowledge on sfl. The data were obtained by applying the theory of Gerot and Wignell. The results of data analysis from six texts, in the formula there are five types of relations between the speakers and its related finite. Such as Subject + Finite (Tense), Subject + Finite (Do), Subject + Finite (Modal), Subject + Finite (Have) and Subject + Until (To be). The most commonly category that used in the online newspaper article is Finite (Tense). In the mood of the speaker, it is found that the speaker expresses certainty, possibility, uncertainty, obligation and advice. What most of the speakers said was certainty. In the analysis the writers also found the grade of modality: from high, medium, and low. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: COVID-19, a pneumonia-like disease, started to spread at the end of 2019 and became a pandemic globally. Vaccination is one of the programs to reduce the severity of particular conditions, including COVID-19. However, in Indonesia, the response to COVID-19 vaccination remains low. This study aimed to assess the correlation between age and educational background to the perception of COVID-19 in Yogyakarta City, Indonesia. Method: This cross-sectional study was conducted from August to September 2021 at several vaccination centers in Yogyakarta City of Yogyakarta province. Total sampling was used to recruit participants during the mass vaccination period. Data were analyzed using univariate and bivariate analysis. Results: 1,068 participants joined this study, with an age average of 29.8. Most respondents graduated from senior high school 528 (49.4%). Bivariate analysis showed a significant correlation between education and knowledge about Adverse Events Following Immunization (p=0.01). Conclusion: Perception of the adverse event following immunization was significantly associated with education. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: The determinants of intention to accept the COVID-19 vaccine and associated factors among nursing students during this pandemic need to be identified. Aims: The study assessed nursing students’ attitudes to vaccination, health engagement and trust in government, as well as their intention to have a COVID-19 vaccination. Methods: A cross-sectional study was carried out among nursing students in three provinces of Java, Indonesia, from December 2020 to February 2021. Convenience sampling was used to gather primary data from 640 participants through a structured online survey. Multiple linear regression was used to analyse the results. Findings: All items of vaccine attitude and health engagement as well as trust in government were positive predictors of vaccine acceptance after adjusting for confounding factors. Conclusion: Nursing students were more likely to accept vaccination if they had a positive attitude to vaccination, high levels of health engagement and trust in the government regarding tackling the COVID-19 pandemic. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Good governance is an approach to creating good organizational management founded under the principles of transparency, equity, and accountability to achieve organizational goals. The rising public demand for good governance has encouraged the central and local governments to apply transparency and accountability in their administration. Public distrust of the government in dealing with the Covid-19 pandemic through the vaccine program can be affected by the level of education, age, political affiliation, religion, and perceived experience. The community assumes that every action decided by the government always involves political and economic interests; the government takes advantage of the momentum amidst the calamities suffered by the community. The purpose of this study is to examine the trust factor, political party, and level of education in correlation with the influence of the variable level of public trust in the Covid-19 vaccine program as an embodiment of good governance. This study is descriptive quantitative research. The primary data used derives from questionnaires distributed via Google Form with a total of 391 respondents. The results from the analysis and discussion indicated that all utilized variables in this study for both the independent variable of public trust and moderation variables (religion, political affiliation, and education level) affect the transparency of good governance in the delivery of the Covid-19 vaccine program. It is also known that the moderation variables consisting of religion, political affiliation, and the latest education level are considered partial moderation because the magnitude of the direct influence is greater than the indirect one, meaning that the independent variable can directly influence the dependent variables without going through or involving moderation variable. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• The role of COVID-19 survivor towards antibody titers post-Sinovac vaccination are unknown • The gender role towards antibody titers post-Sinovac vaccination are also unknown • COVID-19 survivorship was associated with higher antibody titers during first two months • Females had higher antibody titers than males in all 3 months after vaccination Male and female titers differed most in the 1 month and 3 months after vaccination Background: Sinovac was the first vaccine used in Indonesia against severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). However, data regarding the effects of certain variables such as clinical demographics on antibody levels in individuals vaccinated with Sinovac are scarce. This study aimed to investigate the impact of gender and previous SARS-CoV-2 infection status on neutralizing antibody titers 1, 2, and 3 months after administration of the Sinovac vaccine. Method: A cross-sectional study was conducted from February to May 2021. Data on neutralizing antibody levels, previous SARS-CoV-2 infection status, and gender were retrieved from the monthly quantitative serology evaluation database of Siloam Hospitals Lippo Village, Tangerang, Indonesia. The role of each variable was analyzed using the t -test or Mann-Whitney U test, depending on data distribution. Result: Data from 350 participants were collected for the study. Participants with a history of a positive SARS-CoV-2 RT-PCR test had significantly higher neutralizing antibody titers in the first (144 U/mL, p = 0.036) and second months (144 U/mL, p = 0.005) after vaccination compared with those without a history of positive RT-PCR test. Female participants also had significantly higher neutralizing antibody titers in the first, second, and third months (43 U/mL, 42 U/mL, and 39 U/mL, respectively; p = 0.001, p = 0.002, and p = 0.003, respectively) after vaccination compared to males. Conclusion: COVID-19 survivor status and the female gender were associated with higher neutralizing antibody titers after Sinovac vaccine administration. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: To limit the SARS-CoV-2 transmission, the Indonesian government launched a COVID-19 vaccination program in January 2021. Studies on the clinical treatment and implementation of COVID-19 vaccination have shown promising results; however, it is necessary to estimate the effectiveness of the vaccines. With the ongoing COVID-19 pandemic, studies have highlighted the impact of COVID-19 vaccines, especially CoronaVac, on Indonesian healthcare workers. To get a better picture of how the vaccines work in Indonesia, it is necessary to estimate the prevalence of SARS-CoV-2 anti-S IgG antibody induced by the COVID-19 vaccine in individuals who have already received two-to-three doses of vaccines., Materials and Methods: Four-hundred and ninety-six whole-blood samples were collected from participants residing in Surabaya, East Java, Indonesia, who received a minimum of a two-dose COVID-19 vaccine. Serums were then isolated from the blood and subjected to detect SARS-CoV-2 anti-S IgG antibodies using a lateral flow immunochromatographic assay., Results: The prevalence of positive anti-S-IgG antibodies was 91.7% (455/496) in all participants receiving a minimum of a two-dose COVID-19 vaccine. As many as 209 (85.3%) and 141 (96.6%) participants were seropositive for receiving CoronaVac and AstraZeneca, respectively. Meanwhile, all participants receiving two-dose CoronaVac with one booster dose of Moderna (105/100%) were seropositive ( p < 0.05). Age, comorbidity, and time after the last vaccine were significantly correlated with seropositivity ( p < 0.05)., Conclusion: Different vaccines might produce different antibody responses. Adopting a stronger policy regarding the administration of booster doses might be beneficial to elicit positive anti-S-IgG antibodies, especially among older individuals, those with comorbid diseases, and those with a longer time after the second vaccination dose., Competing Interests: The authors declare that they have no competing interests., (© 2023 Megasari et al.)

Background: It is critical to understand the factors that could affect the acceptance of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) vaccine in the community. The aim of this study was to determine factors that could possibly affect the acceptance of Indonesian citizens of COVID-19 vaccination using a Technology Acceptance Model (TAM), a model how users come to accept and use a technology. Methods: An online survey was conducted between the first and fifth of November, 2020. Participants were asked to respond to questions on acceptance, perceived usefulness, perceived ease of use, perceived religiosity towards, and amount of information about COVID-19. This study used the Technology Acceptance Model (TAM) as the framework to decide factors that affect vaccine acceptance. Structural Equation Model was employed to assess the correlation between all explanatory variables and vaccine acceptance. Mann-Whitney test and Kruskal-Wallis rank were employed to assess demographic factors associated with acceptance. Results: In total, 311 responses were included for analysis. Our TAM model suggested that high perceived usefulness significantly increased COVID-19 vaccine acceptance and high perceived ease of use significantly increased the perceived usefulness. Perceived religiosity did not substantially affect vaccine acceptance. The amount of information on COVID-19 also did not significantly affect vaccine acceptance. Our data suggested that vaccine acceptance was associated with age, type of occupation, marital status and monthly income to some degree. Conclusion: Since perceived usefulness affects vaccine acceptance, the government should focus on the usefulness of the vaccine when promoting the COVID-19 vaccine to Indonesian citizens. In addition, since perceived ease of use significantly affects users' acceptance to COVID-19 vaccine, the easier to acquire the vaccine in the community, the higher chance that the citizens are willing to be vaccinated., Competing Interests: No competing interests were disclosed., (Copyright: © 2021 Faturohman T et al.)

It has been a year since the Indonesian government announced its first COVID-19 identified in Jakarta. Since then, there have been more than 900,000 cases in Indonesia with case fatality rate (CFR) of 2.9%. The number of new cases per day is now ranging from 9,000 cases to almost 13,000 cases. Not only in Indonesia, but the number of new cases along with the mortality rate in other countries, such as Malaysia, Japan, United States, and Europe region also increased dramatically. COVID-19 vaccines are being investigated and the world hopes that vaccines will be the answer to tackle this pandemic. Is it really so? Immunization is an effort to induce immunity in individuals to prevent a disease or the complication related to the diseases that may be catastrophic. Immunization can be divided into passive, which is by giving certain type of antibody and active, which means that either we get the disease, or we get the antigen injected into our body.Having prior vaccination or past COVID-19 does not mean that someone is totally immune to COVID-19 as a recent study suggested that the antibody related to COVID-19 past infection is significantly decreasing after 3 months post-infection. Compliance to implementation of health protocol remained the most crucial strategy during this pandemic.