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Education in automotive vocational high schools faces challenges in improving the quality of learning. This article discusses efforts to improve the quality of learning in automotive vocational schools through the implementation of electronic teaching materials. The implementation of technology in learning is an important solution in today's digital era. This article describes the advantages of using electronic teaching materials, such as flexibility, accessibility, and ease of content updates. This research involves collaboration between teachers, students, and technology experts to create relevant and interesting teaching materials. In addition, electronic teaching materials allow for more personalized learning adaptations, assist students with special needs, and facilitate distance learning. The results show that the implementation of electronic teaching materials in automotive vocational schools has a positive impact on learning, increasing students' motivation, expanding their knowledge, preparing students to enter the industrial world, and improving practical skills in the automotive field. Teachers also reported increased efficiency in the teaching process. The level of practicality of using electronic teaching materials reached 86.5%, with responses indicating that electronic teaching materials are very helpful in the learning.

Technological developments in various fields are the key to progress in the digital era. The utilization of technology-based learning media in education makes learning more interactive and supports independent learning. This study aims to develop and test the practicality and effectiveness of storyline-based nervous system e-comics media to support students' independent learning. This research uses the Research and Development (RnD) method with the Lee & Owen model, consisting of the analysis, design, development, implementation, and evaluation stages. The research was conducted with the subjects in this study, class XI MIPA SMA Negeri 2 Malang students, totalling 60 people. A pre-experimental design of one group pretest-posttest was used to test the effectiveness of the media. Data were collected through questionnaires and tests. The media validation results obtained 100%, material validation 100%, and student response results 98.7% in the class trial. The effectiveness test used a Pretest-Posttest Control Group Design. The results showed a significant difference between the posttest of both classes with Sig. (2-tailed) 0.00 <0.05, there is a significant difference between the control and experimental classes. Storylinebased nerve e-comic media can facilitate independent learning more interestingly and interactively.

The biological concept has a broad scope and requires the visualisation of bioprocesses to provide complex understanding. Learning media can help visualise bioprocesses to enhance students' cognitive abilities. The study aimed to develop, test the practicality, and test the effectiveness of video animation in improving grade XI high school students' understanding of the coordination system. This study involved 66 high school students in grade XI of the science department at State Senior High School 2 Malang, Indonesia. This research used the Lee & Owens Multimedia-Based Instructional Design method, which consisted of analysis, design, development, implementation, and evaluation stages. In the evaluation stage, we conducted face validity by media experts and content validity by material experts, successively getting results of 97% and 100%. Then, the concurrent validity test was obtained from student assessments of the media interface with a result of 97%, the user-friendly with a result of 100%, and the appropriateness of the material with a result of 95%. In the final stage, construct validity was carried out through an effectiveness test using a quasi-experimental design with a pretest-posttest control group design. Data analysis was performed using the Independent T-test, with the results showing a significance of 0.006 < 0.05, which showed a significant difference in the average post-test between the control and experimental classes. The average score in the experimental class increased from 76.32 to 89.03, but the control class increased from 76.38 to 84.56. The results showed that the video animation media effectively improved students' abilities. Therefore, this learning media can be a recommendation in the learning coordination system.

The pandemic has affected many aspects of our lives including education and that has caused the Government to provide alternative teaching methods and make recommendations for online learning. Since smartphones and laptops using the internet are the only tools for learning, students are increasingly playing online games and being exposed to English vocabulary. This research aimed at identifying and analyzing whether students' participation in online games and vocabulary mastery simultaneously correlate with their learning motivation. This research is a quantitative research with a correlation design. The research was conducted at SMPN I Koba, Central Bangka, Bangka Belitung, with 93 students as respondents. The data collection technique used a questionnaire with a Likert scale on the online games questionnaire and learning motivation and the Guttman scale on the vocabulary mastery questionnaire. The prerequisite test uses the normality test, homogeneity test, and linearity test. Analysis using correlation analysis of r-Product moment and multiple regression analysis. The research results have shown that there is a correlation between students' participation in online games and vocabulary mastery simultaneously with learning motivation.

This study aims to describe a learning model of sociology education based on case studies of banking crimes for university students. Sociology learning is considered one of the most important studies for students at the Faculty of Social Sciences. That is why this study can examine the interactions and cases that occur from the perspective of the perpetrator and the victim. Thus, this study can be considered an interesting study to present learning as a form of case study in sociology lectures. Contextual learning is one of the correct learning models used as steps in learning. The study used a qualitative method employing a case study. Researchers used interviews, observations, and document analysis in the data collection process. The number of respondents of this study was 20, consisting of five lecturers and 15 students from the sociology department. The findings of the study revealed that contextual learning models can be an alternative in teaching sociology because this learning model can be used by presenting problems in daily life and problems related to banking crimes. In the end, the lecturers can conduct an evaluation, and the result is that the students can obtain and improve their abilities about banking crimes. Contextual learning can also foster student engagement where students actively give their opinions in class, and gain knowledge and curiosity when learning it.

Manuscripts are known to transmit cultural heritage across generations along with thoughts, knowledge, customs, and people's behaviors. The current study aimed to examine the influence of Arabic manuscripts on the Malay and the Acehnese tradition with the spread of Islam. For this purpose, an Acehnese manuscript, "Kitab Tauhid" (KT), was sampled as the primary data to find out the orthography of Acehnese and the Malay language, a domain that has so far been underrated and understudied. This qualitative study used a descriptive research design and note-taking method, i.e., transcribing and translating for retrieving the absorption of the Malay language and the Jawi orthography. The objective was to obtain a deep analysis of the sampled text and classify the Jawi Script and Malay language into the description. The retrieved data was analyzed by classifying them into different types of loanwords and to examine the Jawi script's orthography and the variety of Malay used in the KT manuscript. The results revealed that after Islam's arrival in Nusantara, the Jawi scripts were influenced by the Malay language. This influence included using diacritical marks or "harakat" as vowel markers being removed and replaced with "alif," "wau," and "ya." The implications include evidence of the Arabic vocabulary and the influence of Arabic phonemes and phrases in the KT manuscript.

Many studies show the effectiveness of using the Flipped Learning model to increase students' understanding. However, there are scant research results that integrate PowerPoint in Flipped Learning to improve students' understanding. The present study aimed to describe the effectiveness of the PowerPoint-Based Flipped Learning model in increasing students' understanding. The recent study is an experimental study with 115 participants divided into a class with a PBFL model, a class with a Flipped Learning model, and a class with a conventional model. The sampling technique used was random cluster sampling, and the data collection was collected through documentation and test method. By using the One-Way ANOVA test, it was found that there was a difference in the mean between the three classes with a significant difference below 0.05. Therefore, a post-hoc test was carried out using the Scheeffe test. The results showed that integrating PowerPoint in the Flipped Learning model significantly increased students' understanding of the material being taught compared to the other classes. All in all, integrating PowerPoint is shown to help strengthen the Flipped Learning-based learning process to improve students' understanding. In addition, this research can still be expanded by broadening the range of research subjects.

Previous studies have tried to improve students' independence in online mathematics learning. However, the Flipped Learning model integrated with GeoGebra is scarce as none of the existing syntaxes accommodate the model. As the existing syntax is based on three phases: pre-class activity, in-class activity, and post-class activity. This research aims to develop GeoGebra-based Flipped Learning syntax to increase students' independence in learning mathematics. The main difference between the existing syntax and the developed one is the integration of GeoGebra in the pre-class activity. The integration is based on previous studies showing that using GeoGebra can improve student's learning achievements. It research employed the Design-Based Research (DBR) model involving 125 second-year undergraduate students of a private university in Indonesia. The syntax results were obtained from the study, indicating an increase in the average value of student independence in learning mathematics based on learning independence, confidence, level of discipline, sense of responsibility, level of initiative, and self-control. This developed syntax is expected to help teachers streamline online mathematics learning.

This case study investigated the enactment of a religious moderation literacy project for pre-service teachers of Islamic education at a university in Indonesia. Ten student teachers who participated voluntarily in an online tutorial session and a field trip program to the village where the community embraced interfaith tolerance were interviewed. They wrote reflective journals and collected photographs after joining the field trip. The data were analyzed using thematic analysis. The study found that the pre-service teachers improved their awareness of religious tolerance, felt empowered to act as tolerant teachers, and found leadership to be important for leading a peaceful life.

Students' critical thinking skills and awareness of the environment are low. One of the efforts to improve this is through the development of eco-literacy-based interactive teaching materials (EITM). This study aims to test the feasibility of EITM to enhance students' critical thinking skills. The EITM feasibility test was conducted by two content experts and two media experts and involved 18 science teachers and the participation of junior high school students. After the teaching materials were revised, they were then tested on 50 students to measure their subsequent critical thinking skills. The results of the expert assessments were determined by percentages and categorized, the teacher assessments were calculated by CVR and CVI, and the acceptance data were analysed descriptively and quantitatively. The results of the feasibility test show that EITM has a valid category. Therefore, they can be used in science learning to promote critical thinking skills.

This research aimed to prove the role of production, attention, retention, motivation, and innovation in students' scientific writing skills at the Islamic Study College (PTAI) in Cirebon. This experimental research used a quasi-experimental design and a nonequivalent control group design. The experiment was conducted in two groups, experiment and control groups. The research samples included Lecturers from a public Islamic University. The experiment group samples were 38 students of the Philosophy of Religion Department. The control group consisted of 33 Islamic Guidance and Counseling Department students. The collection technique used was tested, comprised of a pretest and posttest. The two groups were given the same tests (pretest and posttest), and the results were compared. The instrument used in this research was a test. Validity determination for the scientific writing ability variable was not measured statistically but through construct validity. The reliability test resulted in a reliability coefficient from an assessor of 0.82, while all assessors' average rating reliability coefficient was 0.93. The normality test results on scientific writing ability data with the control class show Lo = 0.106 < Lt = 0.154. Meanwhile, the normality test on the experiment class's scientific writing ability data results in a maximum Lo of 0.106 and Lt = 0.144. The balance test results show the score of tcount = 1.51 < ttable = 1.67. The data analysis with t independent test resulted in the score of tcount > ttable (10.45 > 1.65). This shows that the competence of production, attention, retention, motivation, and innovation can improve students' scientific writing skills.

Purpose of the study: to find out: 1) basic literacy skills (ability to read, write and count) elementary school early grades students; (2) quality of textbooks in aspects of content, presentation, language, and graphic design; and (3) The significance of the relationship between the quality of textbooks and students' basic literacy skills. Methodology: This research uses a quantitative approach with a survey method. It was conducted in eight provinces in Indonesia. The sampling technique used stratified random sampling, 805 teachers. Data collection used a questionnaire for elementary school teachers who teach in low grades. The data analysis used descriptive statistics and correlation analysis. Main Findings: It was found that there are still relatively many early grades elementary school students who are not fluent in reading, writing, and arithmetic. These students' basic literacy skills have a significant and positive relationship with the quality of textbooks in the aspects of substance, presentation, language, and graphic design. Applications of this study: To improve basic literacy skills (reading, writing, and arithmetic) in early grades elementary school students, it is also necessary to improve the quality of textbooks in the aspects of substance/Content, presentation, language, and graphic design. Novelty/Originality of this study: It was found that there is a significant and positive relationship between basic literacy skills (reading, writing, and arithmetic) of early grades elementary school students and the quality of the textbooks they used both in terms of substance/Content, presentation, language, and graphic design.

This study aimed to determine the adaptation of lecturers and students to using technology as a learning medium. The research method used is descriptive qualitative research. The instrument used is a questionnaire. The population in this study were all Madrasah Ibtidaiyah Teacher Education (PGMI) students in Indonesia, and the sample was more than 40 Madrasah Ibtidaiyah Teacher Education (PGMI) Study Programs at public university (PTN) and private university (PTS) in Indonesia involving 1294 students. The study results found that the effectiveness of the application of distance learning methods in the pandemic era was usually responded to by most students; some even responded less and very poorly. Mastery of lecturers in distance learning media is good; some dominant lecturers use google classroom, zoom, and WhatsApp.

This research is an evaluative study to evaluate thematic learning during the COVID-19 pandemic in elementary schools based on the components of context, input, process and product. The subjects of this study were principals, teachers, parents, and students. The data collection of this research was done by interview, documentation, and questionnaire. The data analysis technique used in this research is qualitative analysis. The results of the study indicate that the context in thematic learning is carried out so that students can master and develop various subject competencies in one particular theme. The thematic learning input component during the pandemic is applied on the basis of a simplified national curriculum by selecting essential competencies. Teachers, students, and parents collaborate in the success of thematic learning. The learning process is carried out synchronously and asynchronously. The learning outcomes obtained have been in the good category.

The aim of the article is to address how online learning is implemented in schools, how teacher competencies influence online learning experiences, and what implication of online learning for teachers' authority. The data collection uses in-depth interviews with teachers and parents about their experiences with online learning, as well as observations of the learning process at three levels of schools in Indonesia. The findings indicate that the teacher's authority has been fundamentally decreased. This can be evident in the diminishing opportunities for modeling students' personalities that result in students' poor enthusiasm for learning and their low obedience to teachers.

The success in the modern era is determined by how students strive to have certain skills. This can be achieved by students through the development of cognitive domain, because it is considered as the ability to master subject matter with regard to thinking ability in addition to learning. Hence, this research aims at improving the learning outcomes in the cognitive domain of students at the primary school level. This research was conducted using the Pre-Experiment method with the pretest-posttest One-Group design. The lessons were implemented using Science, Technology, Engineering, and Mathematics (STEM)-based learning, while the learning method was referred to the Engineering Design Process. The stages consist of problem scoping, idea generation, design and construct, design evaluation and re-design. The research involved 30 fourth grade primary school students in Cimahi City as the research samples. The data were collected using observation and analyzed using quantitative descriptive analysis. The research results revealed that there were differences in learning outcomes in the cognitive domain. To conclude, STEM-based learning could improve primary school students' cognitive skills.

Educational and cultural development is strongly influenced by external conditions such as social, cultural, economic, technological, and political. So, there is a strong need to educate their effect. Some of the effects of external conditions on education and culture can be explained. a higher population puts Indonesia in an increasingly important position in the global arena. In Indonesia, this wonder happens in light of the fact that the procedure of statistic progress that created since a couple of years back was quickened by our accomplishment in diminishing fruitfulness rates, improving the nature of wellbeing and the achievement of improvement programs since the New Order time as of recently. Along these lines, Indonesia has a statistic reward which is a reward or opportunity (fateful opening) appreciated by a nation because of the huge extent of the beneficial populace (age extend 15-64 years) in the development of the populace it encounters. At that point a parameter called "reliance proportion", which is the proportion that shows the correlation among beneficial and non-gainful age gatherings. This proportion likewise shows what number of inefficient individuals whose lives must be borne by the gainful age gathering. The lower the dependency ratio of a country, the more the country is to get a demographic bonus as future development capital.

Women are born to be leaders, yet there still have been many disputations which grounding their arguments based on Al-Qur'an and Sunnah. However, the study on women's leadership needs to be reconstructed arguing that the traditional interpretations are no longer suitable in this changing times. Hence, this paper aims at advocating women position and their leadership in Islam. In addition, this paper also serves as a re-actualisation of the concept of Islam and also interpretation and re-understanding of the Qur'an and al-Hadith to provide opportunities for women associated with the concept of their equality with men. Furthermore, this paper attempts to reconstruct the Islamic doctrine of women's leadership seen from the perspectives of the Qur'an, al-Hadith, "fiqh," "tasawwuf," "siyasah," and history. The consideration of hermeneutical aspect of normativity and historicity is a necessity in the contextual, comprehensive, and holistic interpretation of the text, since it can be stated that there is no compelling reason or argument that can reject women's leadership. Thus, it is found that principally there was no strict prohibition in Islam that could reject women's leadership in various fields.

This research was done on primary school students who are able to understand mathematical concepts, but unable to apply them in solving real life problems. Therefore, this study aims to improve primary school students' mathematical literacy through problem-based learning and direct instruction. In addition, the research was conducted to determine whether there are differences in the increase in literacy mathematical among students who received problem-based learning and direct instruction in primary schools located in urban areas, transition, and villages, as well as whether there is an interaction effect between the model of learning by location category of the school toward mathematical literacy skills of primary school students. The study was conducted in the academic year 2015 to 2016 in the fifth grade public primary schools in Bandung with three categories of school location (rural, city and county transition). During the research, one experimental group was treated by problem based learning, while the second experimental group was treated by direct instruction. The research approach used was a quantitative approach with quasi experimental method nonequivalent groups design pretest-posttests. The results showed that: there was a significant difference between the increase in mathematical literacy of students who received a model of problem-based learning (PBL) and direct instruction (DI) model; PBL model was more effective in improving students' mathematical literacy model than the DI; There were no significant differences regarding an increase in students' mathematical literacy by category location of the school; there is no interaction effect between the model of learning by school location factors to the increase in students' mathematical literacy.

Purpose: Assessing the impact of hygiene factors on faculty motivation and satisfaction in online teaching will advance the literature. It will especially demystify that both factors (hygiene factors and motivator) can cause job satisfaction in online education. The purpose of this paper is to firstly determine the level of faculty motivation and satisfaction in online teaching. Secondly, this study analyses the extent to which hygiene factors affect motivation and faculty satisfaction with online teaching. Design/methodology/approach: The population of this study consists of university faculty in Indonesia and Malaysia. The sample is randomly chosen in 50 higher education institutions in Indonesia and Malaysia. The sample size is 206. The participants completed a survey, including perceived student engagement, institutional support, motivation, faculty satisfaction and demographical questions. To test the model, PLS-SEM was used using SmartPLS3 software. The hygiene factors construct was operationalized as a second-order construct consisting of first-order construct: student engagement and institutional support. Findings: There were no statistically significant differences concerning institutional support and motivation by country of residence. However, there were significant differences in student engagement and faculty satisfaction by country residence. Concerning satisfaction and motivation, the most satisfied and motivated was the faculty member in Indonesia. Hygiene factors were found as the antecedent to faculty motivation and faculty motivation multiplying hygiene factors' effect on job satisfaction. The results showed that student engagement has the highest impact on faculty satisfaction, followed by motivation. Work motivation mediates the relationship between hygiene factors and faculty satisfaction. Research limitations/implications: This study has limitations; firstly, causal inferences are not warranted as the data is cross-sectional. However, a future direction is to analyse the causal relationship between the hygiene factors, and motivation factors on faculty satisfaction using a formative first-order construct through a longitudinal study. Secondly, the results' generalizability is another limitation of this study because the sample comprised only Indonesia and Malaysia faculty across 51 higher education institution in big cities in the island of Java in Indonesia and Malaysia peninsular only; however, the factors determined in this study represent the job-related aspects taken from the literature and the researchers' experiences; other parts influence faculty satisfaction with online teaching. Therefore, identifying other elements is a future path. Practical implications: When managers aim at increasing faculty satisfaction, the priority should be given to improve the performance of indicators with the highest effect but a relatively low in performance. All of this implies that higher education institution first needs to find ways to increase motivation by rewarding faculty in many forms, and improve the quality of instruction. Secondly, implementing policies and make some decisions that require an investment such as providing a learning management system. Social implications: Indonesia and Malaysia higher education institutions may ameliorate faculty satisfaction with online teaching in several ways. Firstly, before the online course begins, higher education institutions should attempt to have faculty believe teaching online is worthwhile and understand the institution itself also believes it is significant. Administer training for faculty, especially regarding increasing connections with and between students, gives faculty the time needed to design an online course and provide faculty with a course management system with multiple capabilities. Secondly, during the online course, higher education institutions should support technical issues and try to have faculty believe they have an accommodating work schedule and independence with the online course. Originality/value: This research firstly contributes to the literature by establishing the relationship between hygiene factors and motivation, and hygiene factors and satisfaction, which did not exist according to the two-factor theory in the past. Secondly, the authors provide evidence of motivation constructs as a mediating variable. Thirdly, this study broadens the literature scope by including faculty in two countries (Indonesia and Malaysia). It includes faculty from 51 higher education systems (e.g. public and private four-year universities), incudes graduate school in seven big cities in two countries, Indonesia and Malaysia.

The study aims to explore the effectiveness of the approach of communication between parents and teachers to change the behavior of young children. Surely, it prioritizes on the social interaction between teachers and parents of the students. The method used in this study is field research that is qualitative, while the analysis of the data used descriptive analysis. The focus of study is on the early childhood behavioral changes after the effective interaction between teachers and parents. In conclusion, the hygiene and health environmental behavior in Masigit influenced by culture to do the activities like bathing and washing in the river, the lack of information the importance of maintaining the hygiene and health, and the important information of educating children before elementary school level. In post-treatment; parents and students got new information that can be applied in their daily life. The children behavioral changes of kindergarten "Satap Masigit" is positive, such as the appearance of the children is cleaner than before, their spirit when go to schools, more skillful and creative in learning at school. Furthermore, communication between teachers and parents also established harmonious, because the treatment given makes them closeness or the interaction intertwined more harmonious.

This research aims to design a user interface (UI/UX) for UML Class Diagram learning applications, especially for students who want to explore UML class diagrams, by applying the User-Centered Design (UCD) Method. This method involves students as the main users of the application to understand their needs, preferences, and user experience in depth. The application interface design will be focused on ease of use, attractive aesthetics, and user data security. The development of this application is expected to help students in learning and exploring UML class diagrams. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Human papillomavirus (HPV) L1 major capsid protein generates a highly immunogenic virus like particles (VLPs), which have been used as the main component of its prophylactic vaccine. However, the neutralizing antibodies against L1 VLPs are mostly type specific and may not be effective to prevent infection from different strains of HPV. On the other hand, HPV L2 minor capsid protein has low antigenic variation, thus can induce cross-neutralization. This study aims to obtain HPV 52 L1/L2 chimeric protein, which is designed based on HPV type 52 as one of the most circulated high-risk types in Indonesia, to develop a broad-spectrum HPV vaccine. Substitution of HPV 52 H4 helix L1 region with an HPV 52 L2 epitope was carried out using overlap extension PCR. HPV 52 L1/L2 chimeric gene was constructed into pET-SUMO expression vector and expressed in Escherichia coli BL21 (DE3). Bioinformatics modeling suggested that L2 epitope was located inside of the loop region in monomer form, and on the contrary, it was located outside of the pentamer surface. Furthermore, B cell and T cell epitopes predictions were conducted using Immune Epitope Database (IEDB) analysis. The B cell epitopes prediction revealed eleven potential epitopes, whereas the T cell epitopes prediction showed seven potential epitopes for each MHC class I and MHC class II. This study showed that HPV 52 L1/L2 chimeric protein has the potential to induce cross-neutralizing antibodies and can be developed as a promising candidate for a new HPV vaccine. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The urgent need to overhaul food systems towards more regenerative, inclusive, and sustainable approaches has become a critical concern, particularly with the goal of providing healthy food for a global population that will exceed 9 billion by 2050 and an Indonesian population that will reach 300 million. With the current destructive agricultural framework, significant environmental damage is not the only consequence; there is also a decline in social quality within Indonesia's rural and urban communities. This study aims to design a circular economy implementation strategy formulated through SWOT analysis in order to build a sustainable food system in Indonesia. The research methods used are Systematic Literature Review (SLR), Pareto analysis, and SWOT analysis. The results of this SWOT analysis were used as recommendations to develop Indonesia's food system with a circular economy approach, similar to what has been developed at the global level This SWOT strategy shows that by leveraging existing strengths, addressing weaknesses, capitalizing on opportunities, and overcoming threats, Indonesia can develop a more sustainable and resilient food system through a circular economy approach. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: To estimate hospital services utilisation and cost among the Indonesian population enrolled in the National Health Insurance (NHI) program before and after COVID-19 hospital treatment. Methods: 28,159 Indonesian NHI enrolees treated with laboratory-confirmed COVID-19 in hospitals between May and August 2020 were compared to 8,995 individuals never diagnosed with COVID-19 in 2020. A difference-in-difference approach is used to contrast the monthly all-cause utilisation rate and total claims of hospital services between these two groups. A period of nine months before and three to six months after hospital treatment were included in the analysis. Results: A substantial short-term increase in hospital services utilisation and cost before and after COVID-19 treatment was observed. Using the fifth month before treatment as the reference period, we observed an increased outpatient visits rate in 1–3 calendar months before and up to 2–4 months after treatment (p<0.001) among the COVID-19 group compared to the comparison group. We also found a higher admissions rate in 1–2 months before and one month after treatment (p<0.001). Consequently, increased hospital costs were observed in 1–3 calendar months before and 1–4 calendar months after the treatment (p<0.001). The elevated hospital resource utilisation was more prominent among individuals older than 40. Overall, no substantial increase in hospital outpatient visits, admissions, and costs beyond four months after and five months before COVID-19 treatment. Conclusion: Individuals with COVID-19 who required hospital treatment had considerably higher healthcare resource utilisation in the short-term, before and after the treatment. These findings indicated that the total cost of treating COVID-19 patients might include the pre- and post-acute period. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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Indonesia is a salak producing country with five superior varieties, namely: Salak Pondoh, Salak Madu, Salak Gading, Salak Gula Pasir and Salak Sidempuan. The large number of Indonesian salak which are claimed to be Thai fruit products marketed to China shows the weak legal protection for salak fruit, which has a geographical indication of originating from Indonesia. This study collects data from relevant online literature and then analyzes them based on inductive analogies. By analogizing the concept of marketing communication tetrahedron analysis from Kevin Lane Keller, which considers four factors (consumer, communication, response and situation), through inductive analogy this paper offers steps that must be taken by the Indonesian government to provide protection and development of salak. Fruit products originating from Indonesia need to be protected and developed through legal measures, good marketing communication, and preservation technology so that they can compete in the international market. IMPACT STATEMENT: Salak is a fruit that only grows in tropical countries like Indonesia and is also a Geographical Indication product originating from Indonesia. Claims by other countries regarding salak fruit on the global market as if the product originates from their country require the attention of the Indonesian government to take strategic legal steps. The introduction, marketing, and preservation of salak fruit, which does not last long, is, of course, a challenge in itself which needs to have a concrete solution, such as how to carry out good marketing communications through the analogy of Kevin Lane Keller's concept regarding the Tetrahedron and applying preservation technology so that salak fruit can last a long time. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A new leader has inspired young people to transform an agrarian village into a popular tourist destination. The goal of this research is to explain the process of transforming an agricultural village into a tourism village, including the role of the Village Head (VH) and other actors involved. This research was conducted in Pujon Kidul (PK) village, Pujon subdistrict, Malang Regency, East Java Province, Indonesia. Data was collected through in-depth interviews with innovators, small traders, and members of society at tourist sites. Apart from conducting indepth interviews, secondary data was also utilized to examine how the innovative and entrepreneurial spirit of innovators can transform the traditional lifestyle of PK Village. This phenomenon can be explained by the Knowledge-intensive Innovative Entrepreneurship (KIE) framework, which highlights the significance of knowledge and innovation in entrepreneurial development. The study's findings enhance the KIE framework by reinforcing the significance of entrepreneurial leaders and real political support. Moreover, the government's policies that actively promote the growth of rural areas and tourism are external factors that encourage Village Heads to bring about social transformation. These policies have created an environment that nurtures the entrepreneurial spirit of all members of society. Contrary to popular belief, this article argues that village development from the grassroots level is an achievable goal. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Indonesia has the world's second-highest tuberculosis (TB) burden, with 969,000 annual TB infections. In 2017, Indonesia faced significant challenges in TB care, with 18% of cases missed, 29% of diagnosed cases unreported, and 55.4% of positive results not notified. The government is exploring a new approach called "strategic purchasing" to improve TB detection and treatment rates and offer cost-effective service delivery. Objectives: We aimed to analyze the financial impact of implementing a TB purchasing pilot in the city of Medan and assess the project's affordability and value for money. Methods: We developed a budget impact model to estimate the cost-effectiveness of using strategic purchasing to improve TB reporting and treatment success rates. We used using data from Medan's budget impact model and the Ministry of Health's guidelines to predict the total cost and the cost per patient. Results: The model showed that strategic purchasing would improve TB reporting by 63% and successful treatments by 64%. While this would lead to a rise in total spending on TB care by 60%, the cost per patient would decrease by 3%. This is because more care would be provided in primary healthcare settings, which are more cost-effective than hospitals. Conclusions: While strategic purchasing may increase overall spending, it could improve TB care in Indonesia by identifying more cases, treating them more effectively, and reducing the cost per patient. This could potentially lead to long-term cost savings and improved health outcomes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The impact of Industry 4.0 on the Indonesian stock market, with a special focus on PT XYZ. PT XYZ has experienced a significant surge in individual investors, particularly from the younger generation, who are technologically savvy and prefer the stock exchange as an investment method. This paper discusses the critical role of the Market Development Division at PT XYZ in meeting the educational needs of prospective investors and companies planning to list. One significant challenge identified is the knowledge gap within PT XYZ, especially between employees with varying levels of experience, and the absence of a centralized knowledge repository. This gap hinders education for potential investors and listed companies, thereby impacting service quality. In response, PT XYZ acknowledges the need to enhance Knowledge Management (KM) practices and begins developing a tailored knowledge sharing strategy. This strategy aims to bridge the existing knowledge gap and prevent knowledge loss, utilizing the Zack Framework for gap analysis. Qualitative research methods, including semi-structured interviews with 3 experts, were employed in this study. It resulted in a gap analysis between the current state and PT XYZ's necessary knowledge regarding the implementation of knowledge sharing, leading to the recommendation of eight knowledge sharing strategies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Adolescents are a high-risk age group for committing suicide, and the risk substantially increases from early to late adolescence. Adolescence also serves as critical time period for early detection and intervention to prevent suicidal behaviors. This study aimed to assess the prevalence of suicidality and identify significant predictors of suicidality among adolescents. Methods: A cross-sectional observational study was conducted between January-December 2023. Adolescents aged 14–18 years old (n = 2317) were consecutively recruited from 15 high schools across four provinces on Java Island in Indonesia. Self-reported validated instruments in Indonesian were used to assess sociodemographic profiles, self-esteem (RSES), hopelessness (BHS), loneliness (ULS-3), perceived social support (MSPSS), depression (PHQ-9), resilience (CD-RISC-10), suicidality (SBQ-R). With adjusted odds ratio (AOR) and 95% confidence interval (CI), binary logistic regression analysis was used to determine significant predictors of suicidality. Results: The prevalence of lifetime suicide ideation was 26.5%, lifetime suicide plans were 18.2%, lifetime suicide threat was 14.1%, and lifetime suicide attempt was 4.4%. The prevalence of 12-month suicide ideation was 43.1%. The following variables were identified and significantly associated with suicidality (p < 0.05): female students (AOR = 1.912; 95%CI:1.507–2.425), chronic illness (AOR = 2.886; 95%CI:1.545–5.389), low resilience (AOR = 1.347; 95%CI:1.036–1.750), low self-esteem (AOR = 2.020; 95%CI:1.578–2.585), low family support (AOR = 3.532; 95%CI:2.486–5.017), loneliness (AOR = 1.611; 95%CI:1.211–2.143), depression (AOR = 4.882; 95%CI = 3.861–6.175), and hopelessness (AOR = 1.602; 95%CI:1.154–2.224). Nagelkerke R square was 0.364 indicating the regression model explained 36.4% of variance in suicidality. Conclusions: Our study revealed several significant predictors of suicidality among adolescents which can be targeted to develop suicide prevention strategies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study aims to examine how celebrity credibility affects brand credibility and how it develops trust, loyalty, and long-term commitment among mobile banking customers. The proposed model was empirically evaluated using survey data from 201 mobile banking users in Indonesia who knew who their endorser bank was. In addition, SEM PLS was used to investigate the relationship between the research model's constructs. Brand credibility mediates the positive effect of celebrity credibility on mobile banking celebrity endorsement in Indonesia. In this study, the researcher focuses on the specific banking product, "Mobile Banking," and examines the relationship between celebrity credibility, brand credibility, loyalty, and commitment. Practical/Policy implication: This study will give the company a clear view of efficiently selecting the right endorser for mobile banking in Indonesia. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Mixed Layer Depth (MLD) plays an important role in various aspects of oceanography. MLD has a characteristic parameter value that is uniform with depth. MLD has an important role for local, regional, and global phenomena. Indonesia, which is surrounded by the East Indian Ocean, will be directly influenced by the dynamics of MLD. This study aimed to analyze seasonal variability and MLD between years. Mixed layer depth data from the ARMOR3D Dataset Copernicus-Marine Environment Monitoring Service was used for MLD analysis with a threshold of 0.2°C for temperature. Wavelet analysis showed that MLD variability in the eastern Indian Ocean spans from intra-seasonal to interannual scales. Time series analysis showed a complex relationship between MLD and SST in the annual and interannual periods which indicates a different process. The MLD monthly climatology at point 90E, 0 showed the depth of mixed layers is deeper during the east monsoon (JJA-SON) ranging from 50-65 m compared to the west monsoon (DJF-MAM) which has a range of 20-40 m. Spatially the MLD in the south of the equator is deeper than in the north. Interannually, MLD is heavily influenced by the Indian Ocean Dipole. MLD depth is deeper in nIOD with a maximum depth in the range of 100 m compared to pIOD. MLD with maximum depth in the strong nIOD phase is around the equator and the pIOD phase is south of the equator. The study also showed that inter-annual variability in regions around the mainland showed a stronger response. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Echocardiographic interpretation during the prenatal or postnatal period is important for diagnosing cardiac septal abnormalities. However, manual interpretation can be time consuming and subject to human error. Automatic segmentation of echocardiogram can support cardiologists in making an initial interpretation. However, such a process does not always provide straightforward information to make a complete interpretation. The segmentation process only identifies the region of cardiac septal abnormality, whereas complete interpretation should determine based on the position of defect. In this study, we proposed a stacked residual-dense network model to segment the entire region of cardiac and classifying their defect positions to generate automatic echocardiographic interpretation. We proposed the generalization model with incorporated two modalities: prenatal and postnatal echocardiography. To further evaluate the effectiveness of our model, its performance was verified by five cardiologists. We develop a pipeline process using 1345 echocardiograms for training data and 181 echocardiograms for unseen data from prospective patients acquired during standard clinical practice at Muhammad Hoesin General Hospital in Indonesia. As a result, the proposed model produced of 58.17% intersection over union (IoU), 75.75% dice similarity coefficient (DSC), and 76.36% mean average precision (mAP) for the validation data. Using unseen data, we achieved 42.39% IoU, 55.72% DSC, and 51.04% mAP. Further, the classification of defect positions using unseen data had approximately 92.27% accuracy, 94.33% specificity, and 92.05% sensitivity. Finally, our proposed model is validated with human expert with varying Kappa value. On average, these results hold promise of increasing suitability in clinical practice as a supporting diagnostic tool for establishing the diagnosis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Indonesia has numerous lakes; however, research on the spatiotemporal sediment quality and source identification in lakes remains limited. The overaccumulation of heavy metals and nutrients in lakes severely threatens aquatic ecosystems. This study aims to identify potential sources of metallic deposits (Cu, Pb, Cr, Fe, Al, and Cd) and nutrients (TN and TP) in lake-surface sediment, utilizing enrichment factors (EF), geoaccumulation indices (Igeo), potential ecological risk indices (Er), and risk indices (RI). Multivariate statistical analyses, including principal component analysis (PCA) and Pearson's correlation analysis, were conducted to pinpoint pollution sources linked to land use. Eight sampling sites for surface sediment and water were examined in both wet and dry seasons at Menjer Lake, chosen for its diverse applications in tourism, hydropower, floating net cages, and extensive agriculture in its catchment. Correlation and PCA results indicated that Pb, Fe, and Al mainly originate from tourism, while Al, Fe, TN, and TP are associated with agriculture. The highest average loading from land use was observed in agriculture (> 0.8), floating net cages (> 0.76), and tourism (> 0.68). Furthermore, the highest loading from nutrients and all metals were TP (> 0.71) and all metals (> 0.35), respectively. Ecological risk assessment revealed low to moderately polluted EFs and Igeo in the dry season. However, Menjer Lake's Er and RI for heavy metals were generally classified as unpolluted. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objectives: Cervical cancer is a significant public health concern in Indonesia, and effective screening methods are necessary to improve the detection and reduce mortality. This study aimed to explore the perspectives of high-level stakeholders involved in cervical cancer screening in Indonesia and whether the use of human papillomavirus-deoxyribonucleic acid (HPV-DNA) methods for cervical cancer screening is acceptable in Indonesian settings. Methods: A qualitative research approach guided by realist evaluation was applied using focus group discussions (FGDs) between December 2021 and February 2022, conducted with stakeholders involved in cervical cancer screening in Indonesia. They were representatives of practitioners and policymakers involved in the screening, and were recruited through purposive recruitment. The data were analysed using inductive approach of thematic analysis. Results: The analysis of two FGDs with 29 participants identified four main themes: (i) Visual inspection with acetic acid (VIA) method as the most common modality used for cervical cancer screening, (ii) the applied screening programs in the community, (iii) the perceived challenges on the screening program, such as limitations of the National Health Insurance benefits package and a lack of regulations regarding screening procedures, and (iv) the possibilities of HPV-DNA testing as another modality for cervical cancer screening. Incorporating HPV-DNA testing also needs to ensure the capacity of the workers and the readiness of healthcare facilities. Conclusion: Although HPV-DNA testing is a promising modality, challenges on the cervical cancer screening in Indonesia remain on the coverage, accessibility of the tools in practice and the women's awareness towards the screening. Ultimately, the findings of this study would help inform policies to improve cervical cancer screening programs in Indonesia. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The transformation of post-pandemic learning at Indonesian universities is becoming increasingly diverse. Several universities use hybrid learning models to implement hybrid learning practices. The purpose of this study is to assess the hybrid learning process at two Indonesian universities. The context input process product (CIPP) evaluation model is used in this study as part of a mixed method. Quantitative methods are used to get an overview of student and lecturer responses, whereas qualitative methods are used to dig deeper into data about hybrid learning practices. This study included 341 students and 22 lecturers from both universities. Techniques for collecting data include questionnaires, interviews, observation, and documentation studies. The data was analyzed using learning theories. The study’s findings indicate that hybrid learning practices are performing well. The readiness of university infrastructure, as well as the readiness of students and lecturers, determines the success of hybrid learning implementation. In practice, however, some lecturers tend to use face-to-face or online learning practices exclusively to fill gaps in the hybrid learning process. This study suggests that universities investigate an effective model for implementing hybrid learning. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: This paper explores the reasons why Indonesia must have legal regulations to provide protection and guarantees for health workers in carrying out the profession in overcoming corona virus disease (COVID-19). This paper also explains the legal regulations as the foundation for today's medical workers' protection. This paper also aims at providing an ideal legal construction that safeguards the rights and obligations of health workers in overcoming COVID-19. Design/methodology/approach: In this paper, the author used qualitative research methods with a socio-legal approach. The data were obtained through literature study and analysis of laws and regulations through the socio-legal method. Findings: Various challenges and professional risks taken by health workers in dealing with COVID-19 derive from several factors, such as shortage of personal protective equipment, ineffective implementation of informed consent from the patients and the negative stigma spreading in the community. Moreover, the current legal regulation has not particularly modulated the protection of health workers, relying only on available articles that are actually irrelevant to be applied in the COVID-19 pandemic. Research limitations/implications: This research is focused on problems faced by health workers in combating COVID-19 and law concessions to ensure their protection. Practical implications: The final results of this research will be useful for The House of Representatives (DPR), the Ministry of Health of the Republic of Indonesia (Kemenkes RI) and the Indonesian Medical Association (IDI) in establishing legal and regulatory construction for the protection of health workers in tackling COVID-19. Social implications: This research aims at strengthening legal protections for the health workers so that their rights and obligations are well guaranteed. Originality/value: This paper proposes an ideal legal construction for the protection of health workers during the COVID-19 pandemic, which is currently still not specifically and rigidly regulated, to realize a guaranteed and sustainable life for health workers. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This research analyzes the importance of natural disaster mitigation efforts in the context of Jeneponto District, a region in Indonesia that is vulnerable to various types of natural disasters. The purpose of this research is to describe the roles of stakeholders and disaster management strategies in the Jeneponto District. This study used a qualitative approach, where data were collected through interviews and observations. The results showed that natural disaster management in Jeneponto Regency involved the active role of many stakeholders, including government and NGOs, traditional leaders, and community leaders. This confirms the importance of the role of stakeholders in handling natural disasters in Jeneponto District, both in terms of coordination, resource allocation, and development of mitigation strategies. Efforts are needed to strengthen community preparedness, involve various related parties, and respect local culture in disaster management efforts. The results also show that the social construction of disaster management involves a deep understanding of how disaster management is understood, constructed, and implemented in the community. Although many mitigation strategies have been implemented, there is still a need to strengthen community preparedness and improve coordination between the stakeholders involved. Some effective methods in disaster management include preparedness education, community involvement in mitigation planning, and utilization of technology for early warning systems. This article contributes to policy recommendations for improving adaptation and mitigation capacity at the local level. Practical implications include developing training programs, improving security infrastructure, and increasing community awareness of disaster risks. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The global trend of diets high in sugar sweetened beverages (SSB) is associated with a high risk of obesity and non-communicable diseases (NCDs). To reduce SSB consumption on a population level, SSB taxes have become a popular policy solution. In Indonesia, although the prevalence of obesity has doubled in the past decade (11.7% in 2010 to 21.8% in 2018), SSB taxes have not yet been implemented. Utilizing the 2021 Indonesian household socioeconomic survey (SUSENAS), this study estimated price elasticities and projected the plausible effects of implementing an SSB tax on consumers' demand for SSBs and the associated government revenue using the Quadratic Almost Ideal Demand System (QUAIDS) model. Five SSB groups were studied: 1) manufactured liquid milk; 2) sweetened condense milk; 3) instant coffee; 4) tea drinks and fizzy drinks with CO2; 5) fruit juices, "health" drinks, and energy drinks. The overall results showed that the non-milk SSB groups were price elastic. Probing deeper into the substitutions for SSB across categories, we found both substitutionary and complementary effects. Our analysis revealed that increasing SSB prices by 20% would reduce the demand for SSBs on average by 17.5% (14.3%-18.6% for each SSB group) and generate additional state revenue up to IDR 3,628.3 billion per year (approximately US$ 238.5 million or 0.2% of total tax revenue in 2022). Considering the health and economic impacts of high consumption of SSBs, this study provides empirical evidence that imposing taxes on SSBs could be an effective measure to reduce public consumption and to generate tax revenue for financing health programs that address obesity and NCDs in Indonesia. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The East Walanae Fault Zone and the West Walanae Fault Zone are the two active fault segments in the south arm of Sulawesi. These fault segments are responsible for the formation of the Sengkang Basin. This geological complexity makes the Sengkang Basin a very interesting area to study. This research aims to (1) identify basin boundaries and lithological contacts; (2) estimate the positions of fault segments; and (3) model the basement beneath the Sengkang Basin. The free-air gravity anomaly from the GGMPlus dataset is employed and then corrected using Bouguer and terrain corrections to provide the complete Bouguer gravity anomaly (CBA). Polynomial surface fitting is used to separate the residual gravity data from the CBA. Nine edge detection filters are employed to identify structural configuration (i.e. basin boundaries, lithological contacts, and fault segments). The Euler deconvolution is utilized to describe the geological structure and estimate its depth. The radially average power spectrum and inversion of the residual gravity anomaly data are applied to analyze the basement of the study area. The results of the analysis show the superiority of the horizontal gradient of tilt angle (HGTA) technique in identifying basin boundaries and lithological contacts. Three new subbasins in the East Sengkang Basin are identified. Furthermore, the HGTA can also reveal lithological contacts very well. Tilt angle of the gradient amplitude (TAHG) technique provides an excellent description of the lineaments of both shallow and deeper buried geological structures. The TAHG approach and Euler deconvolution may define indications of depression zones and 24 new potential fault segments within the depression zones. A number of earthquakes that have happened near the fault segments support this fault assumption. The basement model derived from gravity data has extremely similar patterns and depth trends to that derived from seismic data. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]