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The ability to understand mathematics is a faculty crucial to be possessed by pre-service teachers who will enter into the education sphere. It is one of the professional competencies essential for teachers since satisfactory lessons' delivery engenders more comprehensible instruction in teachers' students. Qualitative research employs a descriptive approach relevant to the research purpose, describing mathematics pre-service teachers' professional competency of understanding the concept toward probability observed based on mathematical abilities; advanced, intermediate, and basic mathematics ability. The subjects are three pre-service teachers having passed discrete mathematics course in a college in Madura. The criteria to select the subjects are the GPA (Grade-point Average) of the last semester and information from the lecturer. It is because unlikely to administer the test due to online learning applied at the college. Findings indicated that the subject with advanced mathematics ability could meet individual concepts, relate concepts and connect concepts with the operations. The subject with intermediate mathematics ability could meet individual concepts, but could not relate to some concepts. However, he could connect concepts with the operations. The subject with basic mathematics ability could not meet individual concepts, relate concepts, and connect concepts with the operations. In terms of the advancement indicator of understanding the concept, the subjects have not attained it since they have not apprehended concept definition well, particularly the probability concept, although the subject with advanced mathematics ability was procedurally prodigious.

The large number of ethnic groups is their own uniqueness for the diversity of Indonesia. This research is a quantitative study with a correlational research design that aims to see the relationship between personality traits and psychological distress in the Javanese community in Indonesia. A total of 460 Javanese people aged 18-25 years participated in this study. Measurement of personality traits was carried out using the Big-Five Inventory 44 (BFI-44) measuring instrument developed by John (1990), then adapted by Syafri (2014) into Indonesian. Measurement of psychological distress was carried out using the Hopkins Symptom Checklist-25 (HSCL-25) measuring instrument developed by Turnip and Hauff (2007) and was adapted into Indonesian. The data collected was processed through descriptive statistical techniques and Pearson partial correlation, and one-way ANOVA. The results showed that there was a significant negative relationship between personality dimensions of extroversion and psychological distress (r=-0.18, p<0.05). In addition, no significant correlation was found between psychological distress and personality dimensions of conscientiousness (r=-0.089, p>0.05) and agreeableness (r=0.077, r>0.05). A significant positive relationship was found between psychological distress with neuroticism (r=0.506, p<0.01) and openness (r=0.095, p<0.05). [The following authors are shown on the PDF of the article but not via the url: Guritnaningsih and Bagus Takwin.]

This study was conducted to determine the general overview of stress and its impact on students which viewed from daily life events. Stress is an individual response to the presence of stressor (Mulhall, 1996, in Barnes & Montefuscio, 2011). In the context of students, there are four sources of stress: interpresonal, intrapersonal, academic, and environmental (Ross, Niebling, & Heckert, 2008) and also four aspects of stress effect: physical, cognitive, emotional, and behavioral (Bressert, 2016). The sample of this research are Faculty of Psychology students, Universitas Indonesia. A total of 67 psychology college students was participated by filling out an open question survey about stressful events and its impacts over the past five days. The results show that most of students have more than one type of stressor and have more than one aspect of stress effect. Most of stressors comes from intrapersonal (29.3%), i.e. financial condition (23%) and responsibility in campus organization (20%). In addition, the results showed that stress had the greatest impact on the physical aspect (32%). The most commonly felt by students is fatigue and weakness (21.1%).

The policy of family law in Indonesia is based on principles stipulated in the Civil Code (Kitab Undang-Undang Hukum Perdata or KUHPerdata) and several other laws that regulate marriage, divorce, children's rights, and joint property in marriage. In formulating policies, a classic approach has been traditionally used. This research employs a library method, which involves collecting relevant texts and manuscripts for analysis and conclusions. The following are some important family law policies in Indonesia: marriage, divorce, children's rights, and joint property in marriage. Fiqh not only faces difficulties in resolving various social problems and issues but also struggles in defining itself, particularly in the context of formulating legal methods to address these problems. As an initial step toward reconstructing fiqh, this article attempts to propose a solution in fiqh methodology, namely a unified approach to Shari'ah and social inference. In essence, this method aims to bridge and "integrate" the textual (normative) and contextual (historical-empirical) approaches simultaneously within an "Islamic" scientific research model. The offered conclusion is that both textual and historical approaches are crucial in formulating policies of Islamic family law. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The findings show that the students' view on Jihad is not merely identical to fighting but also the application of Jihad, which varies. It has a wide spectrum as long as its purpose and still in the religious morality frame. Spreading Rahmatan (affection) concept and The word jihad, which mentioned in the Qur'an about 35 times, including its derivations, has often been understood only at the scriptural level, detached from its contexts. As a result, jihad has been assumed to be a specific act of violence, such as terrorism and radicalism. This article aims to explain the concept of jihad in Islam from the perspective of Indonesian Muslim students at Universitas Islam Negeri Maulana Malik Ibrahim Malang, Indonesia, and to explore the factors that influence their understanding of jihad. This study adopts a semantic approach to the teaching of jihad in the Qur'an, contextualizing it with the current situation. The findings show that the students' view of jihad is not limited to physical fighting, but also includes a wide range of other applications, as long as they are motivated by religious morality. The moral and spiritual values implicit in jihad include spreading the concept of rahmatan (affection) and promoting peace of life and spiritual values. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Nowadays, digital media is inextricably linked to our everyday lives. As a result, netizens frequently utilize English on digital channels, including social media. The predominant language used in Indonesia is Indonesian; however, the popularity of the English language then mixed with Indonesian in everyday usage. By gathering data from various digital platforms, this study intends to evaluate the structures of this linguistic phenomenon. The study's findings show that the language used in digital media is produced language hybridity. In addition, the usage of Indonesian and English hybridity that has been found is classified into three types: frequent terms on digital platforms (digiterms), particular words (Partners), and social media words (Sociaterms). Moreover, there are five kinds of hybridity formations; 1) single affixation 2) double suffixes 3) affixation shifting 4) mixing circumfix 5) double prefixes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The pandemic is a lesson for all people in various parts of the world. This can be a stepping stone for human development, it can also bring down some parties who are not ready to live it. The purpose of this paper is to describe the changes in the economic system in Indonesia after the Covid-19 pandemic. The method used is descriptive qualitative research with secondary data sources and documentation data collection methods. Based on an analysis of data obtained from journals, books, and the internet in the form of company records or documentation, government documentation or government publications, and industry analysis by the media, websites, and others, it was found that e-commerce has an important role for the Indonesian economy both in terms of actors businesses, consumers and governments. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper explores the strategies and spatiality of neighborhood food coproduction during the second wave of the COVID-19 pandemic in Indonesia. The COVID-19 pandemic has created global food instability, requiring collective strategies to source and transform food for people in need. This paper is particularly interested in the neighborhood-driven coproduction of food for the rising rate of home-isolated COVID-19 patients, which generates new spatial programming and interconnections between dwellings, the neighborhood, and the city. This paper examines these issues using Twitter data, harnessing 141,208 tweets related to COVID-19 and neighborhoods in Indonesia. These tweets are then further filtered to provide 128 food-related tweets, which are then analyzed using categorical and networked revelation analysis. The analysis demonstrates strategies of food coproduction, including sourcing food ingredients, managing daily food transformation, and creating centralized structures. The spatiality of food coproduction highlights neighborhood accessibility, food placement structures, and dwelling configurations. The food coproduction strategies exist as a dynamic and responsive approach toward the fluctuating conditions of neighborhood dwellers, shaping the spatiality of the neighborhood and heightening the residents' resilience. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Acharan sulfate, a new glycosaminoglycan isolated from Achatina fulica, obtained from Kediri, East Java, Indonesia, plays a big role in wound healing process, because it can promote re-epithelialization. Purpose: This study aims to prove that extract of Achatina fulica mucous will increase the number of basal epithelial cells of the wound incision in the back of white male rats of wistar strain. Method: This research was done by an in-vivo experimental laboratory, using 14 white male rats of wistar strain that given an incision injury in the back with a length of ± 2 cm and depth of ± 2 mm. They were divided into two treatment groups, that are control group which is the incision wounds were given saline solutions; and treatment group which is the incision wounds were given an extract of Achatina fulica mucous with crude acharan sulfate level is 86,74%. This treatment is given 3 ml once a day for five days. On the sixth day, biopsy was carried out to make a histological specimen, then evaluate under a microscope to account the number of basal epithelial cells of the wound incision. Then statistical analysis was conducted by using independent samples t-test with α=0,05. Results: There were significant differences between two treatment group, that are the number of basal epithelial cells in control group and treatment group (p<0,05). Conclusion: Extract of Achatina fulica mucous with crude acharan sulfate level is 86,74% increase the number of basal epithelial cells of the wound incision in the back of white male rats of wistar strain. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Stature estimation is one of the four pillars in the anthropological identification protocol. During this time, stature estimation uses long bones, but if no long bones are found, tooth dimensions begin to be examined as a tool in stature estimation. Purpose: The aim of this study was to be able to determine the percentage of success in using tooth dimensions to estimate height in the Mongoloid population in Indonesia, using the Carrea's Index method. Method: The study was carried out by measuring the dimensions of arch and chord, then put into the Carrea formula, the results were compared with actual height, then calculated the frequency of predictions of success and non-success, compared to gender, and quadrant side of jaw. Results: The results of predictions of success for both women and men on both sides of the mandibular were a successful prediction of 69.6% and a non-successful prediction of 30.4%. In each sex, the success rate was different for each side, without a statistically significant difference (right p value 0.186; left p value 0.713) using Chi-square test. The results of the Pearson Correlation Coefficient test have a positive correlation (p <0.05) indicating that there is a significant relationship between height and the results of height estimation obtained from tooth dimension measurements. Conclusion: Based on the successful rate of the Carrea's Index method in this study shows that the Carrea's Index method can be used in the Mongoloid population in Indonesia as a tool for human identification. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective - The development of the online transportation industry has led to increasing competition. In Indonesia, Gojek and Grab are competitors in their industry. Each company strives to maintain the loyalty and satisfaction of its customers by setting up procedures such as e-service quality programs and pricing policies. Under these programs, consumers have different levels of satisfaction and loyalty for each type of online vehicle. This study aims to measure the influence of e-service quality and price to build loyalty through customer satisfaction Gojek and Grab. Methodology/Technique - The type of the study is verification. An explanatory survey with simple random sampling technique is used. The sample includes 200 respondents from both online transportation operator's customers. The data of this study employs a path analysis with SPSS 25.0 and AMOS. Findings - The results show that there is a positive influence between e-service quality and price to build loyalty through each Gojek and Grab customers' satisfaction. Thus, we can say that Gojek and Grab consumers are quite satisfied with the quality and price so they pay with loyalty. Novelty - Good management in service companies will serve customers with great satisfaction, thus affirming the rightness of consumer loyalty to the company. Therefore, prices will be appropriate in addition to quality electronic services. This is because the relationship between the two can produce positive impacts such as consumer loyalty with mediation through satisfaction. Our study has several contributions, including adding insight into e-service studies, price, customers' satisfaction, and loyalty, especially in the online transportation industry. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The demand for an off-grid desalination technology and the feasibility of using interfacial solar vapor generation (ISVG) to address the problem were evaluated within the context of Bungin Island. Bungin Island is a small-island community in Indonesia facing water scarcity. By conducting interviews with households there, we found that households located on the exterior portion of the island faced the greatest challenges to water access. For example, only 17 % of exterior households had piped water access, whereas 67 % central households had piped water access. Similar inequities for exterior households were also found with respect to the cost of getting additional water. Thus, we determined that an off-grid desalination technology is best suited for solving the water access problems for the most vulnerable communities in small islands. ISVG technologies that draw on the radiative energy in sunlight to achieve desalination are promising in increasing water access by offering a floating off-grid devices on water near exterior households, passive operation, low capital investment, and simple maintenance. These findings stress the importance of understanding how contextual factors shape barriers to water access and provide a road map on how to begin incorporating these factors into the development of a more sustainable desalination technology. • Semi-structure interviews were conducted in Bungin Island, Indonesia to understand specific barriers to water access. • Having the fewest piped connections, households on the exterior of island spend the most time and money collecting water. • To address these challenges, a solar desalination device using interfacial solar vapor generation (ISVG) was proposed. • Features of an ISVG device should include passive operation, no competition for land use, low cost, and simple maintenance. • This work can serve as a road map for how to incorporate contextual factors into sustainable technology development. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: One of the biggest challenges in the spirituality, religiosity, and health field is to understand how patients and physicians from different cultures deal with spiritual and religious issues in clinical practice. Purpose: The present study aims to compare physicians' perspectives on the influence of spirituality and religion (S/R) on health between Brazil, India, and Indonesia. Method: This is a cross-sectional, cross-cultural, multi-center study carried out from 2010 to 2012, examining physicians' attitudes from two continents. Participants completed a self-rated questionnaire that collected information on sociodemographic characteristics, S/R involvement, and perspectives concerning religion, spirituality, and health. Differences between physicians' responses in each country were examined using chi-squared, ANOVA, and MANCOVA. Results: A total of 611 physicians (194 from Brazil, 295 from India, and 122 from Indonesia) completed the survey. Indonesian physicians were more religious and more likely to address S/R when caring for patients. Brazilian physicians were more likely to believe that S/R influenced patients' health. Brazilian and Indonesians were as likely as to believe that it is appropriate to talk and discuss S/R with patients, and more likely than Indians. No differences were found concerning attitudes toward spiritual issues. Conclusion: Physicians from these different three countries had very different attitudes on spirituality, religiosity, and health. Ethnicity and culture can have an important influence on how spirituality is approached in medical practice. S/R curricula that train physicians how to address spirituality in clinical practice must take these differences into account. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Religious/spiritual (r/s) characteristics of physicians influence their attitude toward integrative medicine and spiritual care. Indonesia physicians collaborate with traditional, complementary, and alternative medicine (TCAM) professionals within modern healthcare system, while Indian physicians are not reported to do so. The aim of the study was to understand the r/s characteristics and their influence on Indian and Indonesian physicians' acceptance of TCAM/spirituality in modern healthcare system. An exploratory, pilot, cross-cultural, cross-sectional study, using Religion and Spirituality in Medicine, and Physician Perspectives (RSMPP) survey questionnaire, compared r/s characteristics and perspectives on integrative medicine of 169 physicians from two allopathic, Sweekar-Osmania University (Sweekar-OU), India, University of Airlanga (UNAIR), Indonesia, and a TCAM/Central Research Institute of Unani Medicine (CRIUM) institute from India. More physicians from UNAIR and CRIUM (89.1 %) described themselves as 'very'/'moderately' religious, compared to 63.5 % Sweekar-OU ( p = 0.0000). Greater number of (84.6 %) UNAIR physicians described themselves as 'very' spiritual and also significantly high ( p < 0.05) in intrinsic religiosity as compared to Sweekar-OU and TCAM physicians; 38.6 % of UNAIR and 32.6 % of CRIUM participants reported life-changing spiritual experiences in clinical settings as against 19.7 % of Sweekar-OU; 92.3 % of UNAIR, compared to CRIUM (78.3 %) and Sweekar-OU (62 %), felt comfortable attending to patients' spiritual needs, ( p = 0.0001). Clinical comfort and not r/s characteristics of participants was the significant ( p = 0.05) variable in full regression models, predictive of primary outcome criteria; 'TCAM or r/s healing as complementary to allopathic treatment.' In conclusion, mainstreaming TCAM into healthcare system may be an initial step toward both integrative medicine and also improving r/s care interventions by allopathic physicians. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Developing transport infrastructure must involve a comprehensive cost-benefit analysis, and accounting for environmental quality changes associated with such an infrastructure is one important aspect that can help complete this problem. In this study, we used difference-in-difference to estimate coastal water quality changes, measured by the Chlorophyll-a concentration, related to port development in Indonesia over the last decade. Using unique MODIS-derived monthly water quality data, we found that the presence of a local small port causes a 1.7% increase in Chlorophyll-a in coastal areas within 6 km of the port. The effects are concentrated in the first two months of operation, and there is also evidence for anticipation effects associated with the construction period. We found a greater effect in Indonesia's eastern regions, which rely on small ports for their local activities. Furthermore, we argue that the effect can be substantial in a larger port, despite posing a limited risk on marine pollution. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: Dementia is the ability degradation of remembering and thinking that interrupts one's daily activity, which will be an additional burden to the elderly. The purpose of this study was to find out the profile of dementia in elderly. Methods: This was an observational descriptive cross-sectional study. The data were obtained using Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE) questionnaire. Results: The respondents were dominated by females (54%), elderly who had caregiver (86%), nonsmokers (60%), people who did not complete elementary school (36%), and people who were already married (66%). Most elderly were categorized as without dementia (62%). Among people who were identified as having dementia, 22% had mild dementia. Conclusion: The most common grade among elderly in rural area who visited the Geriatric Healthcare Center is mild dementia. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objectives: Healthcare workers (HCWs) are the front lines during the COVID-19 pandemic. They are more exposed to COVID-19 than other professions. Studies from other countries have shown that the mental health and health-related quality of life (HRQoL) of HCWs were affected during this pandemic. However, studies on mental health in Indonesia remain scarce and no study has evaluated the HRQoL among HCWs. Thus, this study was designed to explore the mental health status and HRQoL among HCWs in Indonesia., Design: This was a cross-sectional study., Setting: This was an open online survey in Indonesia conducted from December 2020 to February 2021., Participants: This study involved HCWs who worked during the COVID-19 pandemic. Of the 502 respondents who accessed the online questionnaire, 392 were included in the analysis., Outcomes: Mental health status was measured using the 21-item Depression, Anxiety and Stress Scale and HRQoL was measured using the second version of the 12-item Short-Form Health Survey (SF12v2)., Results: The prevalence of depression, anxiety and stress among HCWs was 29.4%, 44.9% and 31.8%, respectively. Using the SF12v2 questionnaire, 354 (90.3%) HCWs were found to have impaired physical component and 156 (39.8%) HCWs have impaired mental component., Conclusion: The prevalence of mental health problems among HCWs was high in Indonesia. HRQoL, particularly the physical component, was affected in most HCWs. Thus, policymakers should give more attention to the mental health and HRQoL of HCWs during the COVID-19 pandemic., Competing Interests: Competing interests: MP received grants and honoraria from various pharmaceutical companies, all fully unrelated to this research. Other authors have no conflict of interest to declare., (© Author(s) (or their employer(s)) 2022. Re-use permitted under CC BY-NC. No commercial re-use. See rights and permissions. Published by BMJ.)

Purpose: To analyze the determinants of tobacco smoking addiction in rural areas., Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted on February 2020. The self-administered questionnaire ( α  = 0.908) and Perceived Stress Scale-10 were used as tobacco smoking determinants and the WHO ASSIST questionnaire V3.0 to determine its addiction risk. Their correlations were analyzed by Spearman's rank-order approach using the SPSS version 23.0., Results: Among 75 male respondents that participated in this study, those on low, moderate, and high addiction risk were 45 (60.00%), 23 (30.67%), and 7 (9.33%), respectively, and significantly correlated with the research questionnaire that consisted three parts: 1. awareness toward the health risk; 2. social control; 3. mass media role in tobacco smoking ( p =0.014, 0.004, and 0.009 respectively), but there was no significant correlation with the stress level ( p =0.287)., Conclusion: Increased awareness toward the health risk, good social control, and mass media reporting the danger of tobacco smoking is significantly in correlation with the decreased addiction in rural areas. However, the high perceived stress has no correlation with its increase., Competing Interests: The authors of this article declared no potential conflicts of interest., (Copyright © 2020 Jovian Philip Swatan et al.)

Background: Observational studies indicate that religious values of physicians influence clinical practice. The aim of this study was to test prior hypotheses of prevalence of this influence using a meta-analysis design., Methods: Based on a systematic literature search we performed individual participant data meta-analysis (IPDMA) on data based on 2 preselected questionnaires. Ten samples from 7 countries remained after exclusion (n = 3342). IPDMA was performed using a random-effects model with 2 summary measures: the mean value of the scale "Religiosity of Health Professionals"; and a dichotomized value of the question "My religious beliefs influence my practice of medicine." Also, a sensitivity analysis was performed using a mixed-models design controlling for confounders., Results: Mean score of religiosity (95% confidence interval [CI]) was significantly lower in the European subgroup (8.46 [6.96-9.96]) compared with the Asian samples India (10.46 [9.82-10.21]) and Indonesia (12.52 [12.19-12.84]), whereas Brazil (9.76 [9.54-9.99]) and USA (10.02 [9.82-10.21]) were placed in between. The proportion of the European physicians who agreed to the statement "My religious beliefs influence my practice of medicine" (95% CI) was 42% (26%-59%) compared with Brazil (36% [29%-43%]), USA (57% [54%-60%]), India (58% [52%-63%]), and Indonesia (91% [84%-95%])., Conclusions: Although large cross-cultural variations existed in the samples, 50% of physicians reported to be influenced by their religious beliefs. Religiosity and influence of religious beliefs were most pronounced in India, Indonesia, and a European faith-based hospital. Education regimes of current and future physicians should encompass this influence, and help physicians learn how their personal values influence their clinical practice.