Search

Entamoeba suis and E. polecki subtype (ST) 1 and ST3 recently have been inferred to be virulent in pigs. However, because relevant molecular epidemiological surveys have been limited, the prevalences of these species remain unknown and their pathogenicities are still controversial. We surveyed 196 fecal samples of pigs (118 of adults, 78 of piglets) at Tangerang in West Java, Indonesia, in 2017, employing PCR using porcine Entamoeba-specific primers. E. suis was the more frequently detected species, observed in 81.1% of samples, while E. polecki ST1 and ST3 were detected in 18.4% and 17.3% of samples, respectively; mixed infections (harboring 2–3 species or subtypes of Entamoeba) were confirmed in 29.3% of positive samples. Statistically significant differences in the positive rates were not seen between adult pigs and piglets, except for those of E. polecki ST3. The prevalences of Eimeria spp. and/or Cystoisospora suis (79.1%), strongyles (55.6%), and Strongyloides spp. (6.1%) were also observed morphologically in the samples. Further chronological or seasonal investigations of pigs and humans in these high-prevalence areas are needed to assess the virulence of the Entamoeba parasites, including the effects on pig productivity, and to evaluate the zoonotic impacts of these organisms. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Madura cattle, which are native to Indonesia and mainly kept on Madura Island, East Java, are expected to contribute to improving the regional meat self-sufficiency. Eimeria spp. are the most pathogenic protozoans among gastrointestinal parasites in livestock but no molecular surveys of Eimeria spp. in Madura cattle have been conducted to date. In this study, a total of 183 fecal samples were collected from Madura cattle and 60 (32.8%) were positive for parasites of protozoans and nematodes by the sugar floatation method. Among the samples with parasites, Eimeria spp. oocysts were detected in 50 samples (27.3%) with an average OPG value of 1686.1. Eimeria spp. were successfully identified to the species level in 26 samples with Eimeria bovis being the most prevalent, followed by E. zuernii and E. aubrunensis. A total of 21 samples showed mixed infection of more than two species of Eimeria. E. bovis and E. zuernii have been recognized as having high virulency and, thus, these parasites are potential sources of severe coccidiosis and the cause of infections in other cattle. Although additional studies are warranted, these results can be helpful for improving the management and productivity of Madura cattle. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Gastrointestinal parasites including Eimeria spp. are known to affect domestic animal productivity causing watery or lethal bloody diarrhea. However, there are few reports on the detailed distribution of bovine Eimeria spp. in cattle, particularly in developing tropical and sub-tropical areas. Using a total of 289 fecal samples collected from beef cattle on Java Island, one of the five main islands of Indonesia, fecal examinations by the Whitlock and sugar flotation methods and molecular surveys were conducted to reveal the prevalence of 6 Eimeria spp. As a result of morphological screening using Whitlock methods and sugar flotation, Eimeria spp. prevalences of 9.4% and 52.3% were confirmed, respectively. The prevalence was higher in younger cattle [under 1 year (63.9%), 1–2 years (75.0%) and more than in 2 year old cattle (42.3%)]. The prevalences of identified species were as follows: 10.4% for E. bovis, 2.8% for E. ellipsoidalis, 2.1% for E. alabamensis, 1.4% for E. zuernii , 1.1% for E. auburnensis, and 0.4% for E. cylindrica. Moreover, prevalences of 12.8% for Strongyloides papillosus , 7.3% for Trichuris globulosa , and 0.3% for Capillaria bovis were detected. Although the average number of oocysts per gram of feces was <100 among the positive samples, and cases of heavy infection were limited, the endemicity of these pathogenic Eimeria species among farms in Indonesia should be noted. Unlabelled Image • In our fecal examinations of Eimeria spp., all of examined 14 districts in Java Island were positive for Eimeria spp. • The prevalence was higher in young cattle under 2 years than those of over 2 years. • By PCR analyses, E. bovis was found to be predominant among the detected species. • The endemicity of the pathogenic Eimeria species among farms in Indonesia should be noted. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Although parasites are still endemic in developing areas, residents in those regions seem not to be affected by the presence of intestinal protozoans. This study aimed to investigate whether pathogenic and commensal protozoans are the causal agents of diarrhea via a school-based cross-sectional survey conducted in Indonesia, in September 2016. Results: Molecular screening for intestinal protozoans in collected 144 stool samples from healthy students (age range 7–15 years) was carried out. The prevalence of protozoan parasites was as follows: Giardia intestinalis (56.3%), Entamoeba histolytica (0%), E. dispar (6.9%), E. moshkovskii (0%), E. hartmanni (31.3%), and E. coli (44.4%). Observational evaluation of stool conditions using the Bristol stool chart confirmed the loose stool rate (33.3–90.9%) in each age group. Logistic regression analysis of protozoan infection or colonization for loose stool (mild to severe diarrhea) as an outcome revealed no significant findings in examined protozoans including pathogenic G. intestinalis infection [adjusted odds ratio (AOR) 0.78, 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.36–1.67], except in E. hartmanni colonization (AOR 2.81, 95% CI 1.1–3.7, P = 0.026). Conclusions: The molecular survey of intestinal protozoans targeting healthy population with their stool form evaluation could address the pathogenicity of those parasites appropriately. In comparatively higher-age children at least 7 years of age or greater in the endemic area, G. intestinalis could regard commensal, while E. hartmanni seems to possess a certain pathogenicity as a causal agent of mild diarrhea. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]