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Background The prevalence of severe acute malnutrition (SAM) in Indonesia remains high, especially in children with pre-existing chronic disease. These children often present with conditions that could interfere with weight measurements, such as edema or organomegaly. Mid-upper arm circumference (MUAC) is a potential indicator of nutritional status improvement. Objective To analyze the correlation between MUAC and body weight as parameters for nutritional improvement in children with SAM. Methods We performed registry analysis of patients admitted to the Pediatric Ward, Dr. Cipto Mangunkusumo Hospital, Jakarta, Indonesia, from November 2016 to December 2020. We included children aged 6-59 months who were severely wasted (z-score <-3 on the WHO weight-for-height growth chart), had no conditions that could alter weight measurement, and had a 7-day minimum hospital stay. Patients with missing body weight and/or MUAC data were excluded. MUAC and weight increment between admission and discharge were analyzed using bivariate correlation and linear regression analyses. Results Out of 4,746 pediatric inpatients, 1,996 presented with SAM. Of these, 124 were eligible for analysis. Subjects' median age was 18 (IQR 11-32) months and median length of stay was 16 (IQR 9-29) days. Weight increment (g/kg/day) and MUAC increment (mm/day) were independently and significantly correlated (Spearman's rho=0.414; P<0.001). An adequate weight increment of 5-10 g/kg/day was equivalent to a MUAC increment of 0.319-0.439 mm/day (R=0.374; P<0.001). Conclusion MUAC increment has a moderate positive correlated with weight increment. MUAC is a useful parameter of nutritional status improvement in SAM patients, especially in patients with conditions that could interfere with weight measurement. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background Since children are more likely than adults to become infected with Mycobacterium tuberculosis or suffer from tuberculosis (TB), it is important to identify the risk factors of TB in children with adult household TB contacts. Objective To identify the risk factors of TB in children with adult household TB contacts. Methods This cross-sectional study was conducted at the Pediatric Respirology Inpatient Ward and Outpatient Clinic at Dr. Soetomo Hospital, Surabaya, East Java, Indonesia, using medical records of hospitalized patients from 2010 to 2018. Patients were children below 18 years of age who had a history of adult TB household contact(s). We analyzed age at TB diagnosis, nutritional status, BCG vaccination status, and HIV status as possible risk factors of TB. Results A total of 367 children with adult household TB contacts were included in our study. Age of <5 years (OR 8.38; 95%CI 3.78 to 18.21; P<0.001), severe malnutrition (OR 8.88; 95%CI 1.19 to 66.27, P<0.05), absence of BCG scar (OR 2.96; 95%CI 1.32 to 6.62, P<0.05), and positive HIV status (OR 6.72; 95%CI 1.72-38.49, P<0.05) were risk factors for contracting active TB. Conclusion Age of <5 years, severe malnutrition, absence of BCG scar, and positive HIV status are significant risk factors for active TB in children with adult household TB contacts. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Early initiation of breastfeeding (EIBF) is a starting point that lays the foundation for breastfeeding and bonding between mother and baby. Meanwhile, working mothers are one of the vulnerable groups for the success of exclusive breastfeeding (EBF). The study analyzed the role of EIBF on EBF among Indonesian working mothers. Methods: The cross-sectional study examined secondary data from the 2021 Indonesian National Nutritional Status Survey. The study analyzed 4,003 respondents. We examined EBF practice as an outcome variable and EIBF as an exposure variable. We included nine control variables (residence, maternal age, marital, education, prenatal classes, wealth, infant age, sex, and birth weight). All variables were assessed by questionnaire. The study employed a binary logistic regression test in the last stage. Results: The result showed that the proportion of EBF among working mothers in Indonesia in 2021 was 51.9%. Based on EIBF, Indonesian working mothers with EIBF were 2.053 times more likely than those without to perform EBF (p < 0.001; AOR 2.053; 95% CI 2.028–2.077). Moreover, the study also found control variables related to EBF in Indonesia: residence, maternal age, marital, education, prenatal classes, wealth, infant age, sex, and birth weight. Conclusion: The study concluded that EIBF was related to EBF. Indonesian working mothers with EIBF were two times more likely than those without to perform EBF. The government needs to release policies that strengthen the occurrence of EIBF in working mothers to increase EBF coverage. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background & Objective: Pregnant women need more nutritional intake than before pregnancy. If this nutritional intake is insufficient for the mother, it will result in Chronic Energy Deficiency (CED). To determine if pregnant women are experiencing malnutrition or cannot be known by measuring the Mid-Upper Arm Circumference (MUAC). Based on service regulations for pregnant women in Indonesia, the minimum number of Iron-Folic Acid (IFA) tablets pregnant women get is 120. Regarding this condition, a study was conducted to analyze the relationship between the amount of IFA consumption on MUAC and several other therapeutic outcomes. Materials & Methods: This study used a cross-sectional method by examining the patient's medical records. Patients who received IFA as many as 120 tablets or more will become the exposure group. Data will be analyzed descriptively using chi-square. Results: The MUAC size significantly differed at the end of pregnancy (P=0.01). However, overall, there was no significant difference between the two groups. Conclusion: The IFA administration generally gives good results, but the optimal number of IFA doses still needs further study. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background Sepsis in children is characterized by a dysregulated host response to infection and life-threatening organ dysfunction. Pediatric acute respiratory distress syndrome (PARDS) is a severe complication of sepsis. Several known risk factors of PARDS are immunodeficiency, obesity, source of infection, and genetic factors. Objective To describe the potential risk factors of PARDS in septic children at Haji Adam Malik General Hospital, Medan, North Sumatera. Methods This descriptive study using eligible medical record data from sepsis patients aged 1 month - 18 years was conducted at Haji Adam Malik General Hospital, Medan, North Sumatera, in 2020-2022. A total sampling method was used for subject selection. Patients' demographic and clinical characteristics, mechanical ventilation modes and parameters, laboratory results, and outcomes were collected from medical records. Patients were classified as having sepsis with PARDS if Pediatric Acute Lung Injury Consensus Conference (PALICC) criteria of ARDS was met. Results Of 112 pediatric sepsis patients, 33.9% developed PARDS. The mortality rate for PARDS was 73.7%. Of the patients with PARDS, 57.9% had immunodeficiency, 60.5% patients had an intrapulmonary infection, 39.5% had an extrapulmonary infection, and 23.7% of patients had a suspected genetic disorder. In addition, 39.5% had good nutritional status, followed by 21.1% with obese. Conclusion The majority of patients with PARDS have intrapulmonary infection and immunodeficiency. Some of patients with PARDS have suspected genetic disorders and well nourished. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background Children with acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL), especially those with febrile neutropenia, are susceptible to sepsis. Several factors have been associated with the occurrence of sepsis in children with leukemia. Objective To identify potential risk factors associated with sepsis in children with ALL and febrile neutropenia. Methods This cross-sectional study was done in children with ALL who sought treatment at Dr. Hasan Sadikin General Hospital, Bandung, Indonesia from January 2019 to March 2022. We recorded patients' gender, age, nutritional status, absolute neutrophil count (ANC), co-infection, prophylactic antibiotic use, and phase of chemotherapy. Results Of 131 subjects, 57.3% were male and 42.8% were wasted. Subjects had a median age of six years old and median ANC of 230 cells/mm3. Furthermore, 48.9% of subjects had co-infections, 87.8% had not received prophylactic antibiotics, and 48.9% were in the induction phase of chemotherapy. Multiple logistic regression analysis revealed that older age [OR 1.16 (95%CI 1.04 to 1.29); β=0.149; P=0.008] and co-infection [OR 12.9 (95%CI 5.01 to 33.21); β=2.551; P<0.001] were significantly associated with sepsis in children with ALL and febrile neutropenia. Bronchopneumonia was the most common co-infection (72.5%). Conclusion Older age and co-infection are significantly associated with sepsis in children with ALL and febrile neutropenia. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Stunting, wasting, and underweight are growth disorders in children under 5 years of age due to malnutrition in Indonesia. The level of macronutrient intake is a risk factor that directly influences stunting and wasting. Food insecurity is associated with poverty, malnutrition, and hunger. This study aimed to analyze food and nutritional insecurity in households with stunting and non-stunting toddlers, using a multivariate model. This study used a comparative cross-sectional design. Using the Lemeshow formula, 142 samples were obtained from a population of 822 children under Ave. Food insecurity was measured using the Food Insecurity Experience Scale (FIES), diversity using IDDS, and macronutrient intake using 2x24-hour food recall. Stunting, wasting, and underweight were measured based on anthropometry. Bivariate analysis was performed using multivariate logistic regression analysis. Food insecurity, energy intake, protein intake, carbohydrate intake, underweight, and maternal nutritional knowledge had a significant relationship with the incidence of stunting in toddlers. These results also showed that the underweight variable was the most dominant cause of stunting because it had the highest OR value of 18.572. The OR value showed that underweight toddlers were 18.572 times more likely to have a stunting nutritional status. Toddlers categorized as underweight face an 18.572 times higher likelihood of experiencing stunting in their nutritional status. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Indonesian children suffer from stunting because of a chronic lack of energy and protein intake. Maternal caregiving capabilities are skills and attributes of the mother which determine their ability to use resources for positive nutrition to support their children's health. This study aimed to analyse the association between maternal caregiving capabilities and energy-protein adequacy among children with stunting. This study used a cross-sectional correlation design. The data was collected using a maternal caregiving capabilities questionnaire and 24-hour food recall in 130 mothers of children aged 2 to 5 years with stunted growth, registered at Puskesmas. The study found a significant association between maternal caregiving capabilities and a child's energy and protein adequacy. As mothers' maternal caregiving capabilities increased, their capacity to provide adequate energy and protein for their children increased. We believe that community health nurses can promote health and empower mothers to increase their capability to meet the nutritional needs of children. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: It is important to assess nutritional status to determine the presence of malnutrition because poor nutritional status will reduce the efficacy and increase the side effects of radiotherapy. The aim of this research was to assess nutritional status by comparing several parameters, namely anthropometry, biochemistry, physical condition, and inflammatory parameters, with Patient Generated-Subjective Global Assessment (PG-SGA) as the gold standard. Methods: A cross-sectional study with 78 subjects was conducted at the General Hospital Dr. Sardjito Yogyakarta, Indonesia, in 2022. The Malnutrition Screening Tool, Simple Nutrition Screening Tool, PG-SGA, and objective parameter data were used in the nutritional assessment. The objective parameters were determined by analyzing anthropometric data [body weight, mid-upper arm circumference (MUAC), and body fat], biochemical data (albumin and a complete blood profile), physical data (hand grip strength), and food intake data using the 1×24-hour recall method. The data were analyzed using One-Way ANOVA and the Kruskal-Wallis test. Results: Malnutrition was found in 33.3% of pre-radiotherapy head and neck cancer (HNC) patients. Patients with good nutritional status did not experience weight loss, decreased appetite, gastrointestinal symptoms, decreased functional capacity, or fat and/or muscle deficit (p<0.05). The findings showed a significant relationship between PG-SGA and nutritional status based on body weight, weight loss, MUACs, handgrip strength, visceral fat, resting metabolic rate (RMR), and hemoglobin (p<0.05). A better nutritional status was associated with higher parameter values. Conclusions: The method for nutritional status assessment in HNC patients undergoing radiotherapy can be performed by measuring body weight, weight loss, upper arm circumference, visceral fat, hemoglobin, and RMR in addition to PG-SGA as the gold standard. Amaç: Kötü beslenme durumu radyoterapinin etkinliğini azaltacağından ve yan etkilerini artıracağından, malnütrisyon varlığını belirlemek için beslenme durumunu değerlendirmek önemlidir. Bu araştırmanın amacı, antropometri, biyokimya, fiziksel durum ve ayrıca enflamatuvar parametreler gibi çeşitli parametreleri altın standart olarak Hasta Tarafından Oluşturulan-Sübjektif Global Değerlendirme (PG-SGA) ile karşılaştırarak beslenme durumunu değerlendirmektir. Yöntemler: Dr. Sardjito Genel Hastanesi Yogyakarta, Endonezya'da 2022 yılında 78 denekle kesitsel bir çalışma yürütüldü. Beslenme değerlendirmesinde Malnütrisyon Tarama Aracı, Basit Beslenme Tarama Aracı, PG-SGA ve objektif parametre verileri kullanıldı. Objektif parametreler antropometrik veriler [vücut ağırlığı, orta-üst kol çevresi (MUAC) ve vücut yağı], biyokimyasal veriler (albümin ve tam kan profili), fiziksel veriler (el kavrama gücü) ve 1×24 saatlik hatırlama yöntemi kullanılarak gıda alım verileri analiz edilerek belirlendi. Veriler Tek-Yönlü ANOVA ve Kruskal-Wallis testi kullanılarak değerlendirildi. Bulgular: Radyoterapi öncesi baş ve boyun kanseri (BBK) hastalarının %33,3'ünde malnütrisyon saptandı. Beslenme durumu iyi olan hastalarda kilo kaybı, iştah azalması, gastrointestinal semptomlar, fonksiyonel kapasitede azalma ve yağ ve/veya kas eksikliği görülmedi (p<0,05). Bulgular, vücut ağırlığı, kilo kaybı, MUAC, el kavrama gücü, visseral yağ, istirahat metabolizma hızı (İMH) ve hemoglobin bazında PG-SGA ile beslenme durumu arasında anlamlı bir ilişki olduğunu gösterdi (p<0,05). Daha iyi beslenme durumu daha yüksek parametre değerleri ile ilişkilendirildi. Sonuçlar: Radyoterapi gören BBK hastalarında beslenme durumunu değerlendirme yöntemi, altın standart olarak PG-SGA'ya ek olarak vücut ağırlığı, kilo kaybı, üst kol çevresi, visseral yağ, hemoglobin ve İMH ölçülerek yapılabilir. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Stunting is a community health problem with significant impacts. The estimated prevalence rate of stunting was 24.4% in Indonesia and 25.7% in the Berau Regency. Stunting is a growth disorder caused by chronic malnutrition during the first 1,000 days of life. It is characterized by a height-for-age Z-score below -2 standard deviations from the child growth standards median of the World Health Organization, an insufficient growth rate, and a reduced potential final height. The contributing factors to stunting include maternal variables, as mothers are the primary caregivers. The objective of this study was to determine the factors for stunting and specifically investigate if there is a relationship between maternal employment and stunting in the Maratua District of Berau, Indonesia. This study used a cross-sectional research design. The sample size was determined using the Sample Size Calculator from the World Health Organization for a two-sided test (α = 0.05; β = 0.2; p1 = 0.63; p2 = 0.25; 95% CI). The data were collected from the nutrition report and anthropometric measurements at Maratua Primary Healthcare Center. The research was carried out at the Integrated Health Posts (Pos Layanan Terpadu/Posyandu) in the Maratua District. The toddlers (n = 56) were examined with their parental consent. Toddlers with overnutrition, obesity, and acute infectious diseases were excluded from this study. The data were processed using Chi-square and Fisher tests (p < 0.05). In the analysis, no significant relationship was found between stunting and maternal employment. However, the results revealed that fathers who were not fishermen had a 6.3 times greater risk of having stunted toddlers compared to fathers who worked as fishermen. Fathers with a junior high school degree showed a 6.1 times higher risk of having stunted toddlers than fathers with different educational levels. In conclusion, stunting in the Maratua District is associated with the fathers' educational attainment and employment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Indonesia is one of the countries with the highest number of tuberculosis (TB) cases globally. Around 10-20% of adolescents with TB infection progress to pulmonary TB, and less than 0.5% develop miliary or central nervous system TB. TB spondylitis occurs in only 5.6% of extrapulmonary TB patients. The clinical manifestations of disseminated and TB spondylitis are heterogeneous and insidious, with several potential risk- and prognostic factors. We report the case of a 16-year-old male admitted with abdominal distension, paraplegia, and urinary retention. He was diagnosed with disseminated TB with TB spondylitis. This case was unique because the patient had no classic symptoms of pulmonary TB. This report focuses on the diagnosis, comprehensive management, and prognosis of TB spondylitis, as well as the risk factors for disseminated TB. The management consisted of antituberculous agents and surgery. The prognosis is influenced by the patient's age, severity of kyphosis deformity, number of vertebrae involved, lesion site, and patient's health status, including nutritional status. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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Background: Adolescents often experience an imbalance between intake and energy expenditure, resulting in the problem of excess nutrition. Unbalanced energy intake and expenditure and lack of nutritional knowledge are the main factors causing over nutrition. The results of research on National Ministry data showed that the nutritional status of adolescents aged 12-18 years who were over-nourished was 19.1% and obesity was 31%. However, the nutritional status of over-nutrition at the provincial level in Banten was 20.9% and obesity was 30%. Purpose: The purpose of this study is to determine the relationship between energy intake, macronutrients, calorie drinks and nutritional knowledge on the nutritional status of adolescents aged 15-18 years in Sukabakti Sub district, Tangerang Regency. Methods: Sample was taken by using Proportional Random Sampling technique as many as 97 samples. The variables studied were energy intake, macronutrients, calorie drinks and nutritional knowledge on adolescent nutritional status. This type of research used quantitative research with Chi-Square analysis test. Results: In this study, there was no significant (P > 0.05) between energy intake (P = 0.827), protein intake (P = 468), fat intake (P = 0.849), carbohydrate intake (P = 0.449), calorie drinks (P = 0.227), and no relationship between nutritional knowledge and nutritional status (P = 0.231). Conclusion: Since adolescent nutritional status is influenced by several factors. not only intake and knowledge, but also influenced by physical activity, infectious diseases, attitudes, parents, environment and many more. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Pregnant women who experience Chronic Energy Deficiency (CED) will be at risk of decreased muscle strength which will be used in the process of childbirth resulting in the occurrence of various complications such as low birth weight babies, miscarriage, birth defects, premature, and even infant death. The problem of CED among pregnant women requires intervention not only in nutritional aspects but also in socioeconomic aspects. Purpose: This study aimed to determine the overview of the chronic energy deficiency among pregnant women in Nusa Tenggara in 2018 and the factors that influence it. Methods: The approach used in this study was ecological analysis methods. All districts and cities in West Nusa Tenggara and East Nusa Tenggara were included in this study. This study looked at the prevalence of CED among pregnant women and 4 other independent variables, namely the percentage of supplementary feeding, the percentage of added blood tablets, poverty rate, and literacy rate. The data were analyzed using cross-tabulation. Results: The results show that supplementary feeding and literacy rates do not affect the incidence of CED. However, other variables such as the provision of blood booster supplements and poverty rate affect the incidence of CED. Conclusion: Health care facilities need to improve services and counseling regarding the importance of nutrition during pregnancy and the need for government support in improving the socio-economic status of the community to reduce the prevalence of CED in Nusa Tenggara. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Obesity is a nutritional problem in Indonesia. A factor that influences the incidence of obesity is a high-sugar diet (ex: ice cream products). The consumption rate of ice cream increases every year and is also accompanied by an increasing number of outlets providing ice cream products. Added sugar in ice cream contributes to an increased intake of high-calorie foods that leads to obesity. Objectives: To analyze level of knowledge, consumption habits, sugar and calorie content of ice cream on the nutritional status of Depok students. Methods: Observational research with cross-sectional design, analyzed with frequency distribution and chi-square test. Data were obtained using online questionnaire. The research was conducted in the city of Depok, involving 939 samples of Depok students selected with purposive sampling methods. Results: 667 (71.0%) students have a good level of nutritional knowledge and 578 (61.6%) students unusually eat ice cream. There is no relationship between the level of nutritional knowledge (p-value: 0.609) and ice cream consumption habits (p-value: 0.211) on the nutritional status of students. Vanilla ice cream cup with cookies and cream topping is the most preferred ice cream, containing 13.28 grams of sugar and 154.11 kcal calories. Conclusions: Depok students have good nutritional knowledge and unusually eat ice cream. The sugar and calorie content of the ice cream are high. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Adequate nutritional intake in young athletes is important to support physical activity, growth, development, recovery, and performance. Inadequate intake may result in non-optimal growth and performance. Objectives: This study aimed to assess the association between nutrient intake and height among adolescent athletes in Indonesia. Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted during May-August 2022 in 5 athlete training centers in Indonesia. There were 330 athletes aged 12-18 years old who participated in study. The primary variables consisted of sociodemographic status, body height, nutritional status and nutrient intake. Results: Median age of subjects was 16 years old, and predominately participating in sports more as strength athletes (66.1%) compared to endurance. Median height was 165 (140.4-191.5) cm, and the proportion of stunted was 3% and overweight-obese was 15.2%. Nutrient intakes per day were energy as 2,050 (582-4,355) kcal, protein 70.9 (15.9-184.4) g, fat 74.9 (11.3-230) g, carbohydrate 263.9 (65.1-708.4) g, calcium 347.6 (21.1-4507.5) mg, and vitamin D 1.80 (0-62.80) mg. The adequacy of energy was 71.2 (18.1-209.7)%, protein 67.5 (13.2-162.1)%, fat 61.3 (6.3-255.6)%, and carbohydrate 87.9 (13.8-352.9)%. Macronutrient intakes were significantly higher in endurance than strength subjects. Significant associations were found between energy, fat and carbohydrate intake with height and z-score height for age (p<0.05); while protein intake was significantly associated with body height. Conclusions: Energy, protein, fat, and carbohydrate intake were significantly associated with adolescent athletes' height. Optimizing macronutrients among athletes, especially height-oriented sports, is necessary for supporting athletes' performance. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: According to the National Basic Health Research of Indonesia (Riskesdas) in 2018, the prevalence of non-communicable diseases (NCDs) in Central Sulawesi Province surpassed the national rate. This province is also home to 31.3% of active smokers. The main risk factor for NCDs is an unhealthy lifestyle such as physical inactivity, smoking, alcohol consumption, and unhealthy diet pattern. Objectives: This study aims to investigate diet patterns and nutritional status of adults in Central Sulawesi based on their smoking status. Methods: This is a cross-sectional study using data from Riskesdas 2018. Smoking status, diet pattern and nutritional status were the variables assessed from 12,211 respondents. The statistical analyses used in this study were chi-square test and Generalized Linear Model (GLM). Results: Thirty-six-point two per cent of the respondents were active smokers. The prevalence of overweight (BMI ≥25 kg/m2) and central obesity in smokers were significantly lower than that in the non-smoker group (p<0.05). The smoker group consumed sweetened drinks at least once a week, which increased the prevalence ratio as the weekly consumption frequency increased (PR=1.17 to 1.49; p<0.05). They also had a lower prevalence ratio of consumption a maximum of 3-4 portions/day of vegetable and consuming salty food (high sodium) 1-2 times a week. Conclusions: Although the prevalence ratio of overweight and central obesity are lower in smokers, they have unhealthy diet patterns, which are shown in lower consumption of vegetables and high in salty food. In the future, an advanced longitudinal study with representative number of respondents is needed to explore the causality of these variables. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

OBJECTIVE: To identify the association between pregnant women's knowledge and nutritional status. METHODOLOGY: This study was an observational correlation analytic study with a cross-sectional design. One hundred and one pregnant women were selected using a simple random sampling technique at six Aceh Besar community health centres in Aceh Province, Indonesia. A nutritional knowledge questionnaire was used to assess the knowledge, and nutritional status was measured based on the Pre-Pregnancy Body Mass Index (PP-BMI) of pregnant women and Maternal Weight Gain (MWG) during pregnancy. RESULTS: The Chi-Square test results show a significant association between knowledge and maternal PP-BMI (p=.000), but there was no association between knowledge and MWG (p=.710). CONCLUSION: Nutritional knowledge is essential for pregnant women because it can influence maternal nutritional status during pregnancy. It is hoped that all pregnant women will have self-awareness in gaining good knowledge about nutrition during pregnancy and that health workers will provide optimal nutrition education so that pregnant women are prevented from the risk of nutritional disorders. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

OBJECTIVE: This study aimed to determine the impact of the "PSG Balita" app on reporting toddlers' nutritional status. METHODOLOGY: A quasi-experimental design study was conducted in 2022 in Aceh Province, Indonesia. The sample consisted of 123 health centre nutritionists responsible for monitoring the nutritional status of children under five years, selected through purposive sampling. Data were collected through interviews and observations using a questionnaire assessing timeliness, completeness, accuracy, and usefulness. The intervention involved a six-month training program using the "PSG Balita" application on the Android platform. Data analysis was performed using the Repeated Measures ANOVA test at a 95% confidence interval. RESULTS: After implementing the application for six months, there was a significant increase (p < 0.05) in the timeliness, completeness, accuracy, and usefulness of nutritional status data for toddlers. These results demonstrate that the "PSG Balita" application supports generating high-quality data on toddlers' nutritional status and enhances nutrition data reporting. CONCLUSION: Utilizing the "PSG Balita" app has streamlined children's nutritional status tracking, ensuring high precision and early detection of malnutrition risks. Most importantly, it has improved the quality of nutritional status data. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background Children with type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) are at risk of cognitive impairment. While the pathophysiology is still unclear, cognitive impairment in children with T1DM can result in significant negative effects on quality of life. Objective To evaluate the cognitive function of Indonesian children with T1DM and its association with glycemic control and to identify factors affecting cognitive function in children with T1DM. Methods The cognitive function of children aged 6 years or older with T1DM was measured using the Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children-Revised (WISC-R). We analyzed for potential associations between cognitive function and glycemic control based on mean HbA1c levels and other factors, such as the age of onset, duration of illness, and maternal educational attainment. We also identified failure to achieve age-appropriate results on any of the WISC-R subtests (cognitive impairment) and associated factors. Results A total of 46 subjects were included in this study, with a mean age of 12.8 (SD 3.4) years. There were 27 (58.7%) girls and 19 (41.3%) boys. Subjects' mean full-scale IQ (FSIQ) was 91.35 (SD 11.43). A moderate negative correlation was found between FSIQ and mean HbA1c levels (r=-0.43; P<0.01). Children with mothers who had university degrees had significantly higher IQs (mean difference 7.39; 95%CI 3.10 to 13.66; P=0.02) than those with mothers without degrees. Failure of any WISC-R subtest was noted in 34 subjects, consisting of 17 verbal, 1 performance, and 34 verbal and performance subtests. A higher proportion of those with cognitive impairment had mean HbA1c >10%. However, compared to those with mean HbA1c =10, the difference did not reach a statistical significance (OR 5.0; 95%CI 0.95 to 26.31; P=0.50) Conclusion Glycemic control and maternal educational attainment are associated with cognitive function in Indonesian children with T1DM. Poor glycemic control is also associated with a higher risk of cognitive impairment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: This study aims to analyze the frequency and factors associated with primary dysmenorrhea among adolescents living in Kendari city, Indonesia. Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted at Junior School SMPN 20 Kendari City, Indonesia, from September 2022 to October 2022. Adolescents aged 12-15 years having menarche were included in the study. Primary dysmenorrhea was assessed as an outcome using a numeric rating scale. Moreover, associated risk factors such as menstruation duration, age at menarche, family income, nutritional status, and exercise habits were also noted. Results: Of the total 173 adolescent girls, the mean age was 13.23 ±0.78 years. Primary dysmenorrhea was observed in 44 (25.4%) participants. A significant association of primary dysmenorrhea was found with age at menarche (p-value <0.001), family income (p-value <0.001), and exercise (p-value 0.004). The risk of primary dysmenorrhea was 7.16 times significantly higher in adolescents with menarche at 14-15 years (cOR 7.16, 95% CI 3.32 to 15.45, p-value <0.001). Similarly, adolescents with family income below the provincial minimum wage were 7.77 times significantly more likely to have primary dysmenorrhea (cOR 7.77, 95% CI 3.42 to 17.64, p-value <0.001). Furthermore, the risk of primary dysmenorrhea was approximately three times significantly higher in adolescents who did not perform exercise (cOR 2.76, 95% CI 1.35 to 5.65, p-value 0.005). Conclusion: The study concludes that adolescents with an advanced age at menarche, lack of exercise, and low family income are at an increased risk of primary dysmenorrhea. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Indonesian productivity has increased by 3.1% per year over the last 25 years. Human resources are critical, and they must be of high quality. Objectives: The objective of this study was to look at the relationship of nutritional status, breakfast habits, and sleep duration on workers' productivity at PT. Sejahtera Buana Trada Sunter. Methods: The subjects in this study were 39 workers, and it was conducted in April-July 2022. This study was designed as a cross-sectional study with purposive sampling. The subjects for this study had to be between the ages of 18 and 55, employees of PT Sejahtera Buana Trada Sunter, and have worked for at least one year. Subjects who fasted to analyze their food intake were excluded from this study. The data were analyzed using the chi-square test. Primary and secondary data were used in this study. Results: The productivity of the workforce at PT. Sejahtera Buana Trada Sunter (71.8%) is high and rated as good. There is a significant relationship between worker productivity and breakfast habits (p-value = 0.003), sleep duration (p-value = 0.004), and nutritional status (p-value = 0.002). Conclusions: The study found a relationship between the productivity of PT. Sejahtera Buana Trada Sunter employees and their breakfast habits, sleep duration, and nutritional status. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Female adolescents are a group that is prone to having anemia because they are in the second growth spurt phase and experience menstruation monthly. Anemia in young women causes a detrimental effect. The increase in prevalence of anemia can be prevented and reduced by iron supplementation in women of reproductive age, including female adolescents. Objectives: This study aims to determine the relationship between the compliance of iron supplement consumption, nutrient intake, and nutritional status with the incidence of anemia in female adolescents at SMPN 1 Gunungsari. Methods: This study used a cross-sectional design. The research population was female students at SMPN 1 Gunungsari, totaling 290 female students. The sample in this study was selected using a stratified random sampling method, totaling 61 respondents. The data collection used Hb examination, SQ-FFQ form, and anthropometric examination. Analysis of the relationship used the Chi-Square test and Fisher's Exact. Results: The results of this study showed that there was a relationship between the compliance of iron tablets consumption (p=0.002), protein intake (p=0.034), and iron (p=0.046) with the incidence of anemia, and there was no relationship between intake of vitamin C (p=0.139), iron inhibitors (p=0.183), and nutritional status (p=1.000) with the incidence of anemia in female adolescents at SMPN 1 Gunungsari. Conclusions: This study concludes that there is a relationship between compliance to iron supplement consumption, protein, and iron intake with the incidence of anemia, and there is no relationship between intake of vitamin C, iron inhibitors, and nutritional status with the incidence of anemia. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Malnutrition during adolescence can slow growth and delay puberty. Adequate nutritional knowledge, attitudes, and behavior among adolescents are crucial to prevent health issues that can continue into adulthood. Objectives: To assess the knowledge, attitudes, and behaviors related to balanced nutrition and nutritional status among adolescents at the Yayasan Bandung Senior High School, Deli Serdang Regency. Methods: The research design used was a cross-sectional design with a total of 80 adolescents aged 14 to 18 years at the Yayasan Bandung Senior High School, Deli Serdang Regency. The subject taking technique was stratified random sampling. Knowledge, attitudes, and behaviors of balanced nutrition were obtained through questionnaires. Height and weight data were analyzed using WHO Anthro Plus to determine the Z-score of Body Mass Index according to age. Data analysis used the Spearman test to determine the relationship between variables. Results: Most adolescents had good nutritional status, namely 68.8%, while the percentage of overnutrition and obesity was 18.8% and undernutrition was 12.5%. Adolescents have a high level of knowledge of balanced nutrition of 20 adolescents (25%). Balanced nutrition attitudes were categorized as high, namely 43 adolescents (53.8%), while high category balanced nutritional behaviors were only 6 adolescents (7.5%). The results of the bivariate test (Spearman Correlation) showed a relationship between attitudes and behavior-balanced nutrition (p<0.05). Conclusions: There is a relationship between attitudes and behavior of balanced nutrition in adolescence the Bandung Higher Education Foundation High School, Deli Serdang Regency. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Mid-upper arm circumference (MUAC) is commonly used for assessing chronic energy deficiency in women of childbearing age. The measurement of MUAC during pregnancy mainly serves as early detection of potential low birth weight. However, certain studies have indicated no significant correlation between maternal MUAC and birth weight. Therefore, this study aimed to determine the relationship between maternal nutritional status and infant birth weight. The study used an analytical observational method with a cross-sectional approach, involving a sample of 86 mothers who delivered at Jagir Primary Healthcare Center in Surabaya, Indonesia, between July and December 2019. The participants were selected based on certain inclusion and exclusion criteria. The data were obtained from secondary sources, specifically the medical records of Jagir Primary Healthcare Center. The data were analyzed using the Spearman test, with a 95% confidence interval and a 5% margin of error. Most mothers (86.05%) had good nutritional status, as indicated by a MUAC measurement of ≥23.5 cm. Only 3.49% of infants were born with a low birth weight (<2,500 g), while 1.16% of infants were considered macrosomia (>4,000 g). Although most mothers exhibiting low MUAC did not give birth to infants with low birth weights, the analysis revealed a significant relationship (p=0.035) between maternal MUAC and infant birth weight. In conclusion, maternal MUAC can be utilized as a screening tool to predict infant birth weight because it indicates the condition of muscle tissue and subcutaneous fat, which serve as the mother's energy reserves. However, several variables can also impact infant birth weight, including maternal nutrient intake. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Stunting, a chronic condition arising due to nutritional deficiencies during pre- and postpartum periods, is a significant public health issue in Indonesia, with a nationwide prevalence of 29.6% and approximately 22.6% in Ogan Komering Ilir Regency. This research aimed to identify the risk factors associated with stunting in toddlers aged 12-35 months and calculate the economic losses incurred by this condition. To achieve this, a cross-sectional design was employed. The population in this study were toddlers aged 12-35 months in Pedamaran sub-district, Ogan Komering Ilir Regency. A sample of 77 toddlers were selected through simple random sampling. Data were collected using questionnaires, and calculations based on the Konig 1995 and Horton 1999 formulas were used to analyze the Gross Regional Domestic Product (GRDP) per capita. The research found a stunting prevalence rate of 51.9% in toddlers. Additionally, dietary diversity emerged as a significant factor related to stunting (p-value of 0.0001) and was identified as the most dominant factor. In contrast, economic status, toddler participation, and history of infectious diseases were not significantly related to stunting (p-value > α). The estimated potential economic losses incurred by stunting amounted to IDR 170 billion and IDR 765 billion, respectively, or 0.67%-3.03% of OKI’s GRDP, resulting from a 2% and 9% decrease in productivity. Hence, this research suggests that food consumption diversity is the most dominant factor significantly related to stunting in toddlers in Ogan Komering Ilir Regency. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Indonesia still faces the triple burden of malnutrition, which can impact the dietary choices of adolescents to balance their nutritional intake and, simultaneously, emphasize the need for effective nutrition education. This study aimed to determine the effect of nutrition education delivered through the UNAGI game and videos on the knowledge and nutritional intake of high school students. This quasi-experimental study was conducted with students from Public Senior High School 12 in Bekasi City, where the participants were divided into intervention and control groups. The intervention was provided once a week for two consecutive weeks. Knowledge was measured using a questionnaire, and food intake was assessed through 24-hour food recall. Data were analyzed using the MannWhitney test for the difference between groups and paired t-test/Wilcoxon for pre-post comparisons, with α significant level of 5%. Before the intervention, there was no significant difference in knowledge and dietary intake between the two groups. Post-intervention, a significant improvement in nutrition knowledge (p-value of 0.000) was noted in the intervention group exposed to the snake and ladder nutrition game. However, there were no significant changes in energy intake (p-value of 0.162), fat intake (p-value of 0.144), sugar consumption (p-value of 0.066), and salt consumption (pvalue of 0.944). The findings support the recommendation of utilizing the UNAGI game for nutrition education in the digital era as a valuable alternative to visual media, effectively contributing to enhanced nutritional understanding among adolescents. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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