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Untreated or partially treated wastewater, which is a negative externality of urban water use, is widely used for irrigation in water scarce regions in several countries including India. While the nutrients contained in the wastewater is considered as beneficial to agriculture, the contaminants present in it pose environmental and health risks. This paper examines the morbidity status, its determinants as well as the cost of illness for households living in the areas irrigated with wastewater in comparison with those using normal quality water. Primary data collected from six villages irrigated with wastewater along Musi River which is fed with wastewater and one control village where normal quality water is used for irrigation has been used for the analysis. It is seen that higher rates of morbidity exist in the wastewater irrigated villages when compared to the control village. Specifically, adult and female morbidity rates are significantly higher than child and male morbidity rates. From the logit analysis it is seen that exposure to wastewater and engagement in activities based on it places the households in higher risk groups to report morbidity. Small and marginal farmers incur higher economic cost of illness. However, it has been difficult to ascertain the cause and effect relationship as most of the households have reported more common illnesses like fever, head ache, skin itching, stomach ailments, etc. The study points out the need for a comprehensive risk assessment and adoption of risk management measures including setting standards for treatment and discharge of wastewater and regulations on the type of uses etc. to prevent unplanned use of untreated or partially treated wastewater while taking into account local conditions. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

• Development of integrated LCA considering exergy analysis and battery degradation. • EV viability assessment of different countries. • EV implementation has a varied impact on air pollution for each nation. • Risk of increasing SO x emissions, especially in countries majorly dependent on coal. The rapid urbanization witnessed in the last few decades has contributed to the increasing demand for vehicles worldwide. An overwhelming majority of these vehicles run on fossil fuels, leading to environmental degradation. Emissions from the transport sector are a major contributor to local as well as global air pollution and deterioration in air quality. Countries such as the United States of America, China, India, Indonesia, etc., having the largest number of registered vehicles, are also responsible for a higher proportion of vehicular emissions. As new technologies emerge, electric vehicles (EV) are being envisioned as a replacement to the conventional internal combustion engine (ICEV) vehicle fleet, thus directly reducing tailpipe emissions. However, their indirect emissions are dependent on the energy grid of that particular nation. This study aims to assess the viability of implementing electric vehicles in the nations with high vehicle population. The top ten countries with the highest number of vehicles were identified, along with their power grid characteristics. A detailed review of emission factors of various power generation sources was carried out considering exergy analysis. Furthermore, battery degradation models were used to estimate the lifetime emissions from the battery of electric vehicles. The viability index calculations include well to wheel (WTW) emissions for power generation sources, in case of EVs, and for conventional vehicle fuels. The study concludes that EV implementation has varying effect on nations' air pollution, which depends upon their share of renewable sources in power generation. Implementation of EVs is found to be sustainably viable for France and Brazil, marginally viable for nations including China and India, while it is found to be not viable for Indonesia. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]