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To understand the differences in key quality indicators of domestic and foreign typical wrapper tobacco leaves, we determined the conventional chemical components and neutral aroma compounds in 40 samples of wrapper tobacco leaves from four countries: China, Brazil, Dominican Republic, and Indonesia. Key differential indicators were screened and correlated using partial least squares discriminant analysis (PLS-DA) and Pearson Correlation Analysis. The results indicated that: the total sugar and reducing sugar mass fractions of domestic wrapper tobacco leaves were significantly higher than those of foreign wrapper tobacco leaves, the nicotine mass fraction was significantly higher than that of Brazilian and Indonesian tobacco leaves, the nitrogen alkali ratio was significantly lower than that of Brazilian and Indonesian tobacco leaves, the potassium mass fraction was significantly lower than that of tobacco leaves from Brazil and the Dominican Republic. The total amount of neutral aroma compounds and the content of new phytodienes in domestic wrapper tobacco leaves were higher than those in foreign wrapper tobacco leaves, the content of phenylalanine degradation products was similar to that of tobacco leaves from Brazil, the Dominican Republic, and Indonesia, the content of browning reaction products was significantly higher than that of foreign wrapper tobacco leaves. There were a total of 16 different indicators of differences in wrapper tobacco leaves both domestically and internationally. Eleven indicators, including the content of the β-damascus ketone, guaiacol showed relatively high values in domestic wrapper tobacco leaves. The five indicators, including benzaldehyde content, total nitrogen mass fraction, and nitrogen alkali ratio, showed relatively high values in foreign wrapper tobacco leaves. Among the 16 differential indicators, the total nitrogen mass fraction and nitrogen to base ratio were highly significantly positively correlated with the content of dihydrokiwifruit internal fat, 2-acetylpyrrole, and benzaldehyde, and extremely significant negative correlation between the content of damarone and β-damascus ketone, the mass fractions of total sugar, reducing sugar, and nicotine had an inverse relationship with the neutral aroma substances mentioned above. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]