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Manuscripts are known to transmit cultural heritage across generations along with thoughts, knowledge, customs, and people's behaviors. The current study aimed to examine the influence of Arabic manuscripts on the Malay and the Acehnese tradition with the spread of Islam. For this purpose, an Acehnese manuscript, "Kitab Tauhid" (KT), was sampled as the primary data to find out the orthography of Acehnese and the Malay language, a domain that has so far been underrated and understudied. This qualitative study used a descriptive research design and note-taking method, i.e., transcribing and translating for retrieving the absorption of the Malay language and the Jawi orthography. The objective was to obtain a deep analysis of the sampled text and classify the Jawi Script and Malay language into the description. The retrieved data was analyzed by classifying them into different types of loanwords and to examine the Jawi script's orthography and the variety of Malay used in the KT manuscript. The results revealed that after Islam's arrival in Nusantara, the Jawi scripts were influenced by the Malay language. This influence included using diacritical marks or "harakat" as vowel markers being removed and replaced with "alif," "wau," and "ya." The implications include evidence of the Arabic vocabulary and the influence of Arabic phonemes and phrases in the KT manuscript.

The objective of research is to explore educational significance inherent in the rule of law, and the implications of social policies pertaining to regional budgeting that safeguard salt farmers and enhance the efficiency of salt production. To accomplish these goals, a normative legal research design was employed. The findings of the study revealed that the social policy pertaining to salt farmers emphasizes the attainment of moral and mental values rooted in ideological principles and the foundation of the state. Understanding the legal regulations related to moral and mental values can shape and strengthen character and capabilities of salt farmers. This, in turn, fosters compliance with the rules and regulations established by the local government, thereby promoting their effective implementation. The second finding highlights the link between the implemented social policies and the budgeting system for the development of the Minapolitan Area, which relies on funding sources' authority. Unfortunately, the Minapolitan Area development program primarily focuses on boosting fish cultivation and fish catches, which may not adequately address the concerns of salt farmers in Madura. Consequently, there is a possibility that the welfare of the Minapolitan area of the Madura region and the economic security of coastal communities, particularly fishermen, might not experience significant improvements. The expected implication is that the juridical construction through legal education contained in the Regency Regional Regulation on the Protection and Empowerment of Fishermen, Fish Farmers, and Salt Farmers serves as the foundation for implementing diverse budgeting policies. These policies seek to establish legal certainty and enhance the welfare of salt farmers, guided by the principles of utilizing state finances while considering the unique characteristics of the region's potential.

Makassar language (bM) is a language of ethnic groups which is taught as local content subjects in schools, both in oral and written literary traditions. This study aimed to examine the behavior of affixes and clitic morphosyntactics in the passivation of Makassar sentences. Field research methods were used by applying the conversational engagement listening technique, recording technique, and note-taking technique as an advanced technique. This research was conducted in Somba Opu District, Gowa Regency. Data were analyzed by distributional method. The results showed that the morphosyntactic behavior of the Makassar language was formed by a set of affixes in the form of prefixes, confixes, infixes, and a set of clitics in the form of proclitics "ku-," "nu-," "ki-," "na-" and enclitics "-ak," "-ko," "-ki," "-i." The Makassar language passivity forms two types of passive sentences, namely passive derivatives and passive (innate) ones. The derived passive is formed by the prefix "ni-" and the proclitic of the persona. Furthermore, the prefix "ni-" can be combined with the prefixes "paK- ," "pa-+si-," suffixes "--i," and "-ang." Persona proclitic prefixes are characterized by personal pronouns "ku-" (first personal pronoun), "nu-" (second personal pronoun), "ki-" (honorific second personal pronoun), "na-" (third personal pronoun), which has two types of structure. The natural passive is formed by prefixes "taK-," "paK-," confix "ka-" /"-ang" and non-prefixed passive. Furthermore, the prefix "paK-" and the unprefixed passive can be combined with the suffix "-ang" or "-i," which have two types of structure. Thus, derived passive and natural passive sentences have six variations of structure. The relationship between clitics and pronouns or nouns/noun phrases is mandatory, optional, and some are complementary. The implication of the results of this study is to enrich the linguistic treasures of the Makassar language so that the rules and morphosytactic constructions are determined. In future, the linguistic construction of the Makassar language must continue to be studied in more depth, because this research is limited to the morphosyntactic aspect, there are still many other research opportunities related to the Makassar language.

The rapid development of technology and information has influenced students' learning styles and has led to a shift in information seeking from printed books to e-books. This study aims to measure students' knowledge and skills, attitude, and website knowledge competency on the ionic liquid material. The study involved 47 students of the Diploma III Chemical Engineering program at a private polytechnic selected using a purposive sampling technique. This web-based Ionic Liquids learning was tested on students through the experiential learning model. Data collection was carried out by completing the competency test at the beginning (CT1) and the end of learning (CT2). The results revealed that website-based ionic liquid learning increased each competency of knowledge and skills of ionic liquids, knowledge of websites, and attitude. Even though not all students can do it independently, the learning could attract students' attention. The learning has to be combined with lecturers' explanations as reinforcing concepts. This research's implications are expected to be used as recommendations in enriching the Chemical Engineering education curriculum by adding website-based ionic liquid material.

Private universities require more effort to retain student students so that these students can complete their studies and then work in the community. Through this research, input will be given to the study program regarding the improvement that must be made so that the private university can compete with the public university and educate the nation's children. Data collection was obtained through questionnaires and observations to 209 students. Data was processed by Discriminant Analysis, Crosstabulations, Correlations Analysis, and statistical descriptive methods. Independent variables that significantly affect student retention are satisfaction with the closeness of social relationships with fellow students, student confidence to graduate on time, student confidence to get a good career after graduation, and college attendance. Study program still has to work hard to make improvements to increase satisfaction and students' engagement level.

Despite a growing body of research on parental involvement and its effects on students' academic achievement, our knowledge about the mechanism of parental involvement in non-Western contexts remains scarce. Our study addresses this gap by exploring the factors that motivate parents from different socioeconomic status and educational levels to be involved in their children's education in Java, Indonesia. We further explored how parents were involved and what challenges they faced in their involvement. The analysis is embedded in Hoover-Dempsey and Sandler's parental involvement motivation model. Sixteen parents in eight elementary schools in urban and rural areas in Java participated in this interview study. We found differences in parents' expectations and aspirations for their children's education and in their perceptions of their obligations and responsibilities regarding their children's education. These differences were related to parents' socioeconomic background and also to the urban and rural community contexts. Although all parents felt welcome at school, some highly educated parents reported lack of power and lack of opportunity for active parental involvement at the school. As is typical for a collectivist culture such as the Indonesian society, this study points to the shared responsibility of some Indonesian parents for the education of children other than their own in the local community.

School leaders and teachers are two important agents within the school organisation to promote parental involvement. The aim of the study was to investigate how school leaders and teachers foster parents' involvement in their children's education. It was hypothesised that both transformational school leadership for the support of parental involvement and inviting behaviour from the part of teachers encourage parents to become more strongly involved with their child's education. Surveys were administered to 2,151 parents and 90 teachers of 18 elementary schools spread across Java, Indonesia and analysed using multilevel regression analyses. Results showed that transformational leadership did not have significant direct effects on parental involvement. Significant effects were found of teacher invitations on parental involvement. In particular, teacher invitations contributed to school-based parental involvement, such as recruiting parents as volunteers and involvement in decision-making at school.

Live streaming marketplace saat ini sangat berkembang pesat dan memudahkan berbagai pihak untuk berinteraksi, berbelanja, serta mempromosikan produk secara real-time. Penelitian ini menguji pengaruh faktor-faktor dalam IT Affordance (Visibility, Metavocing, Guidance Shopping, Trading Affordance, Triggered Attending, dan Interactivity) terhadap Immersion secara langsung dan terhadap Actual Purchase secara tidak langsung pada media live streaming di marketplace. Data penelitian ini diperoleh dengan menggunakan kuesioner dalam bentuk google form dan disebarkan melalui jaringan pertemanan WhatsApp dan social media lainnya seperti Instagram dan Twitter atau X dan sebanyak 183 google form telah terisi. Semua jawaban telah memenuhi syarat untuk diolah. Hasil dari penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa Metavocing, Trading Affordance, Triggered Attending, dan Interactivity berpengaruh positif terhadap Immersion, sedangkan Visibility dan Guidance shopping tidak berpengaruh terhadap Immersion, dan Immersion berpengaruh positif terhadap Actual Purchase. Namun semua variabel dalam IT Affordance (Visibility, Metavocing, Guidance shopping, Trading Affordance, Triggered Attending, dan Interactivity) tidak berpengaruh secara tidak langsung terhadap Actual Purchase yang dimediasi oleh Immersion. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Santen Island Beach in the Banyuwangi Regency of Indonesia possesses immense potential for beach tourism. Unfortunately, the charm of this destination has been marred by inadequate waste management. This paper outlines a community service program aimed at enhancing awareness, understanding, and active participation of local community groups in addressing waste management issues by transforming waste into ecobrick greenhouses. The program employed various methods, including lectures, discussions, and brainstorming sessions, which were conducted on Pulau Santen Beach with a focus on the local population. The application of a local development model was central to our community service activities, resulting in increased understanding, awareness, and participation among the target groups. The heightened involvement was marked by enthusiastic participation in ecobrick production, effective household waste sorting (particularly plastic waste), and the formation of committed cadres. The local community exhibited increased knowledge through their ability to respond to questions and plan follow-up actions. This initiative significantly improved the knowledge, awareness, and engagement of the target community in managing waste and converting it into ecobricks. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The Ampa Fare Uma Lengge tradition of the Maria Wawo community in Indonesia is a unique cultural practice reflecting its deep connection to its agricultural heritage and environment. The tradition involves the ceremonial storage of harvested rice in a communal barn known as the 'Uma Lengge', which embodies the values of thrift, cooperation and respect for Nature. This paper examines the evolution of this tradition and its associated architectural forms from a historical perspective. It focuses on how this tradition reflects three forms of culture: ideas, activities, and artifacts in the Maria Wawo community. This study uses a qualitative approach. It collects data through interviews, field observations and literature studies. The findings show that the Ampa Fare Uma Lengge tradition not only functions as a means of food storage, but also plays an important role in strengthening the community identity and solidarity, and reflects their adaptation to the environment. The unique architectural form of Uma Lengge also demonstrates the craftsmanship and aesthetic values of the community. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Language is the main instrument in the political communications in elections around the world. It has become equally important in the last Indonesian presidential candidate debate. The linguistic aspects of the construction of debates that discuss various themes regarding existential problems in the Indonesian republic has far-reaching consequences. In them, the numerous ethnic groups in Indonesia must be accommodated as much as possible in order to guarantee a sense of national unity. In the contemporary Indonesian political discourse, the sense of national unity is torn apart as a result of Papua being still turbulent with some people trying to separate themselves. In this context, the employment of regional languages in the presidential debate contributes to manifest the politics of language into a reflection of the presidential candidates' ability in recognizing the languages of all the vernacular ethnic groups. This research examines the use of vernacular languages in the presidential debates in Indonesia. The research employs descriptive qualitative research methods. Data source is the recorded text of the 2024 presidential candidate debates obtained from the TV broadcasts. Data collection involved 'listening' and note-taking as the techniques. The data analysis technique employed Norman Fairclough's critical discourse theory. The analysis examined the text as a construction of social identity, social relations, and meaning. The results show that in this debate, there has been a strong emphasis on the recognition of social identity of the people of Indonesia. The three regional languages used by the presidential candidate Anies Baswedan in the debate reflect these identities of different ethnic groups: Java, Sunda and Maluku. what Anies highlighted was his efforts to bring about interactions among the ethnic groups. He argued that they must interact with each other to produce Indonesia as a unified nation. Anies has employed the languages to articulate philosophical meanings related to the struggle, nobility, consistency, honesty, wisdom and femininity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objectives: This study explores the transformative potential of innovation in public sector governance, specifically within the healthcare sector, through meta-governance strategies. Methods: Employing qualitative case study methodology, the study thoroughly analyzes the impact of Bandar Lampung's free health service program. Drawing from interviews, documents, and observations, the research highlights the critical influence of meta-governance in guiding innovation within the healthcare sector. Results: The findings contribute significantly to our understanding of public sector innovation, emphasizing the importance of meta-governance in fostering transformative change. Conclusion: By highlighting technological advancements in Bandar Lampung, this study offers actionable insights for policymakers, practitioners, and scholars to enhance public service delivery and promote societal progress through innovation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study documented the structure and meaning of the language used in the Buntang ritual, as practised among the Dayak Maanyan in East Barito, Kalimantan, Indonesia. This is a special language spoken by this group, living in the southern part of Borneo, to communicate with their ancestors’ spirits. In our documentation, we observed the Buntang ritual, the location of the ceremony, the participants involved, and the interactions between participants to obtain a complete record of the Buntang ritual. We then interviewed a wadian, “priest”, for a complete transcription of the speech used during the ritual. The language used in ritual features constructions of paired clauses. Drawing on the awakening and summoning practices for ancestors’ spirits in this ritual, we documented 2,868 paired clauses. The first clause of the pair uses words from daily use in the Maanyan language, while the second clause uses words that are only used in the ritual. Pairs are a combined form of two clauses with the same meaning in an unequal number of words. This inequality occurs because of verb, noun, or adverb reductions at the beginning of the second clause and word additions at its end. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study aims to determine the phytochemical profile, total antioxidant capacity, and toxicity of lobi-lobi fruit extract (Flacourtia inermis). The lobi-lobi fruit is small, round, and dark red when ripe, with a sour and often astringent taste and containing seeds. In Indonesia, it is commonly used to make rujak, syrup, sweets, pickles, and canned fruit. Despite its potential, the lobi-lobi fruit is not widely known in Indonesia, and information about its contents is limited. This research uses experimental methods including in vitro and bioassay tests. The in vitro tests include a phytochemical test and an antioxidant capacity test using a total phenolic test. The bioassay uses Artemia salina larvae with the BSLT method. The results show that lobi-lobi fruit extract contains alkaloids, cardioglycosides, glycosides, flavonoids, steroids, saponins, quinones, coumarins, anthocyanins, betacyanins, phenolics, and terpenoids. The total phenolic content of the extract is 1492.5 µg/mL. The DPPH antioxidant capacity test result is 104.223 µg/mL, the ABTS antioxidant capacity test result is 29.818 µg/mL, and the FRAP antioxidant capacity test result is 104.223 µg/mL. The LC50 value for the toxicity test is 158.489 µg/mL. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: Telehealth has improved promotive and preventive health care through enhanced access to health-care services. Existing literature on telehealth in Indonesia has primarily concentrated on telemedicine in the curative area. However, there is a lack of research exploring telehealth in Indonesia that focuses on promotive and preventive. Therefore, this review examines the existing literature concerning the types and implementation of telehealth in promotive and preventive care within Indonesia over the past decade. Methods: A scoping review based on Arksey and O'Malley's framework was used in this study. A literature search was performed in March 2023 across seven databases: PubMed, Scopus, Embase, CINAHL, Medline, Health Internetwork Access to Research Initiative, and Garba Digital Reference. The data were extracted, categorized, and synthesized using narrative descriptions, tables, and graphics. Results: A total of 532 articles were identified, and 29 articles were included. Telehealth programs concern maternal and child health, communicable diseases, noncommunicable diseases, and nutrition. Modality using telehealth for health services is done in the form of video, remote monitoring, storing and forwarding, and others. Important aspects highlighted in the implementation of telehealth include patient acceptance, health worker acceptance, policy, technology, organization, and financing. Conclusion: Telehealth for promotive and preventive health care has evolved in Indonesia over the past decade. Successful implementation hinges on positive reception, supportive policies, reliable technology, efficient organizational structures, and adequate financing. A holistic approach considering these factors is crucial for maximum impact, with government support in policy formulation, technology provision, and funding essential for successful telehealth in promotive and preventive health-care services. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The living criminal code must comply with and not clash with the broad principles of law accepted by civilised countries, according to Article 2 paragraph (2) of the Draught Criminal Code. As mentioned above, the broad concepts of law recognised by civilised nations are utilised to evaluate the current criminal law system. This essay explains, qualifies, and emphasises the importance of applying universal legal concepts to the general principles of law recognised by civilised nations and incorporating them into criminal law to improve it. Locally implemented customary law makes up live criminal law. A civilised nation recognises general legal concepts in international law, which international bodies apply globally. The two concepts seem disconnected, rendering them unsuitable as touchstones and separate concepts. Basic legal concepts in civilised countries' general principles of law and living criminal law are the link between the two. Extending and qualifying legal notions is the biggest challenge in implementing the law. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Indonesia faces significant air quality issues due to multiple emissions sources, including rapid urbanization and peatland fires associated with agricultural land management. Limited prior research has estimated the episodic shock of intense fires on morbidity and mortality in Indonesia but has largely ignored the impact of poor air quality throughout the year on biomarkers of cardiovascular disease risk. We conducted a cross‐sectional study of the association between particulate matter less than 2.5 microns in diameter (PM2.5) and blood pressure. Blood pressure measurements were obtained from the fifth wave of the Indonesian Family Life Survey (IFLS5), an ongoing population‐based socioeconomic and health survey. We used the GEOS‐Chem chemical transport model to simulate daily PM2.5 concentrations at 0.5° × 0.625° resolution across the IFLS domain. We assessed the association between PM2.5 and diastolic and systolic blood pressure, using mixed effects models with random intercepts for regency/municipality and household and adjusted for individual covariates. An interquartile range increase in monthly PM2.5 exposure was associated with a 0.234 (95% CI: 0.003, 0.464) higher diastolic blood pressure, with a greater association seen in participants age 65 and over (1.16 [95% CI: 0.24, 2.08]). For the same exposure metric, there was a 1.90 (95% CI: 0.43, 3.37) higher systolic blood pressure in participants 65 and older. Our assessment of fire‐specific PM2.5 yielded null results, potentially due to the timing and locations of health data collection. To our knowledge, this is the first study to provide evidence for an association between PM2.5 and blood pressure in Indonesia. Plain Language Summary: Although the association between air pollutants and cardiovascular disease risk has been widely reported, there have been few studies conducted in Indonesia, a country with both high population and air pollution burden. In this study of over 25,000 Indonesian residents, we found that participants with higher exposure to air pollution in the month before a clinical exam had higher blood pressure than participants with lower exposure to air pollution. This association was stronger in participants ages 65 and older. Key Points: Exposure to PM2.5 in the preceding month was associated with higher diastolic blood pressure (DBP) in this Indonesian cohortAssociations between PM2.5 and blood pressure were more pronounced in elderly participantsThere was no association between fire‐specific PM2.5 and blood pressure; however, this may be due to the timing of health data collection [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this study, the genome of an endemic Sulawesi's plant, Medinilla tapetemagicum was sequenced using Illumina NextSeq 500 and assembled the whole chloroplast genome. Results showed that the cpGenome is 155,602 bp in size with typical quadripartite structure of a large single copy (LSC) region (85,409 bp), a short single copy (SSC) region (16,629 bp), and a pair of inverted repeats (IRs) regions (26,782 bp). The cpGenome is composed of 132 genes, which consists of 87 protein coding genes, 37 tRNAs, and 8 rRNAs. The sliding window analyses showed that psbB-psbH and ndhF-rpl32 can potentially be used as markers. Microsatellite motifs of mononucleotide A and T dominated in the cpGenome. The phylogenetic trees from the concatenated 76 shared protein coding gene sequences showed the Medinilla clade was monophyletic and M. tapete-magicum is a sister species in the SE Asian clade which contain M. magnifica and M. speciosa. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: Indonesia, as a developing country, has limited data on the factors associated with 30-day mortality in COVID-19 patients in Indonesia. As a matter of fact, study analyzing factors associated with 30-day mortality of COVID-19 infection in Indonesia has never been conducted. This study aims to fill this gap in the literature by conducting a large-scale analysis of factors associated with 30-day mortality in COVID-19 patients in Indonesia. Method: This study employed a single-center retrospective cohort observational design, and was conducted at Cipto Mangunkusumo National General Hospital between the years 2022 and 2023. Sampling was conducted using the consecutive sampling method. The study included patients aged 18 years and above who had been confirmed to have COVID-19 infection. Survival analysis was conducted using Kaplan–Meier and multivariate Cox regression analysis. Result: Our study included a total of 644 patients, with 120 patients (18.6%) expiring within 30 days. In the multivariate analysis using the backward Wald method, severe COVID-19 (HR: 7.024; 95% CI: 3.971–12.744; p value: <0.0001), moderate COVID-19 infection (HR: 1.660; 95% CI: 1.048–2.629; p value: 0.031), liver cirrhosis (HR: 3.422; 95% CI: 1.208–9.691; p value: 0.021), female sex (HR: 1.738; 95% CI: 1.187–2.545; p value: 0.004), old age (HR: 2.139; 95% CI: 1.279–3.577; p value: 0.004), high leukocyte (HR: 11.502; 95% CI: 1.523–86.874; p value: 0.018), high NLR (HR: 1.720; 95% CI: 1.049–2.819; p value: 0.032), high CRP (HR: 1.906; 95% CI: 1.092–3.329; p value: 0.023), high procalcitonin (HR: 3.281; 95% CI: 1.780–6.049; p value: 0.001), and high creatinine (HR: 1.863; 95% CI: 1.240–2.800; p value: 0.003) were associated with 30-day mortality from COVID-19 infection. Subgroup analysis excluding cancer patients showed that age, D-Dimer, CRP, and PCT were associated with 30-day mortality in COVID-19 patients, while steroid therapy is protective. Conclusions: This study finds that COVID-19 severity, liver cirrhosis, sex, age, leukocyte, NLR, CRP, creatinine, and procalcitonin were associated with COVID-19 mortality within 30 days. These findings underscore the multifactorial nature of COVID-19 infection mortality. It is important, therefore, that patients which exhibit these factors should be treated more aggressively to prevent mortality. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study focused on conserving the speech sound system of the Pattae language. It employed speaking and listening methods. The result indicates that the vowel sounds are ten, the consonant sounds are eighteen, and the diphthongs are [aw] and [ay]. The classifications of vowel sound characters are six phonemes, they are/a/phonemes are insufficient supporting data. These vowels can be distributed in a word's initial, middle, and final positions, except /e/, which is not indicated in the initial position. Besides, the classification of consonant, /?/, /y/, and /w/. Three consonants are distributed in al /b/, /t/, /d/, /m/,/ñ/, /k/, /g/, /l/, /r/, /s/, and /w/; and two are distributed in the middle, involving /y/and /j/. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The Baduy people of the Banten Province in Western Java are one of many peoples that make up the larger Sundanese ethnic group in Indonesia. The life of the Baduy Dalam (the Inner Baduy people) is interestingly bound to their customary rules and norms including those regulating their naming system. This research discusses the Baduy naming system which has a unique concept of naming a child using part of his/her parents' byname. In the research, 493 people and their bynames were selected from a total population of 1,202. The names were collected from the Family ID Cards of those living in three Baduy Dalam villages -- Cibeo, Cikeusik, and Cikartawana. The study also utilized interviews with informants who have considerable knowledge about the bynames of the Baduy people. These interviews were conducted to see when and how the names of Ayah, Ambu, Ki, and Ni were formed. In Baduy tradition, parents are called Ayah (male) and Ambu (female) followed by the name of their child. Similarly, grandparents are called Ki (male) or Ni (female) followed by their grandchild's name. It is not always the first child or a male child whose name is taken for his/her parents' or grandparents' byname. The choice is taken based on agreement among family members. The research was informed by the study of personal names known as anthroponomastics, and more specifically, by Eva Brylla's anthroponomastic theory of the byname (Brylla, 2018). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: This study aims to examine the effect of professional commitment, commitment to ethics, internal locus of control and emotional intelligence on the ability to detect fraud through reduced audit quality behaviors. Design/methodology/approach: The analysis unit is the internal auditor in internal control unit at state Islamic religious higher education in Indonesia. Data processing used covariance-based structural equation modeling using Lisrel Software and the Sobel test to verify the direct and indirect effects. Findings: This study found empirical evidence that professional commitment and emotional intelligence positively impact the ability to detect fraud. Commitment to ethics and emotional intelligence has a negative effect on reduced audit quality behaviors. Furthermore, this study also provides that commitment to ethics and emotional intelligence indirectly impacts on the ability to detect fraud through reduced audit quality behaviors. Practical implications: The organization periodically monitors auditors' behaviors, especially reduced audit quality behaviors, during the audit process and encourages regulators to formulate policies related to increasing the ability to detect fraud. Originality/value: This study provides knowledge regarding the driving force of internal auditors to mitigate reduced audit quality behaviors and increase the ability to detect fraud. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The occurrence of moral degradation such as corruption, murder, divorce, etc. that Indonesia is currently facing is the essence of character education in Indonesia. Apart from character education, character education can also be implemented through performing arts in the form of dance theatre. Dance theatre which always contains moral values is certainly very beneficial for the audience which can be measured from character values. This article aims to find the figurative languages used in dialogue for a leader contained in the dance theatre The Mercy of Durga Devi as well as the values of national character and moral values contained in the dance theatre. The method used is a qualitative descriptive method, which includes three stages, namely (1) data collection stage, (2) data analysis stage, and (3) presentation of analysis results stage. The research results show that the dance theatre The Mercy of Durga Devi, which is adapted from Srimad Bhagavatam, contains cynicism, sarcasm and assonance which makes the conveying of the character's values easier and more beautiful to understand. The national character values referred to are religion, tolerance, responsibility, and love of peace, which gives the message that every leader must implement the Vedas, doing yadnya, and give charity to his people. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This research aims to analyze the effect of MSME fund disbursement and non-performing financing (NPF) on Indonesia's economic growth in the 2015-2022 period. The research method used is quantitative with a descriptive approach. The data used comes from secondary data sources, such as the financial statements of the Financial Services Authority (OJK) and the Central Bureau of Statistics. The results showed that partially, the distribution of MSME funds had a positive and significant effect on Indonesia's economic growth. This shows that financial support provided to MSMEs through the distribution of funds makes an important contribution in encouraging better economic growth. However, partially, non-performing financing (NPF) has an insignificant negative effect on economic growth. Although the NPF problem may affect the financial sector, the results of this research show that its impact on overall economic growth is not significant. Simultaneously, MSME disbursement and NPF have a positive and significant influence on Indonesia's economic growth. This result confirms the importance of good management of MSME disbursement and NPF control in supporting sustainable economic growth. The implication of this research is that proper allocation of funds to MSMEs can improve business efficiency and development. In addition, effective handling of the NPF problem can minimize its negative impact on economic growth. Thus, policies that support good disbursement of MSME funds and effective NPF control can contribute to stronger and more sustainable economic growth in Indonesia. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Cellulose and its derivatives have been widely used in various applications. Cellulose can be isolated from sugarcane bagasse waste. This research aims to isolate and modify the sugarcane bagasse cellulose to improve its characteristics and usability. Cellulose was isolated using the alkalization and bleaching method, wherein the alkalization processes the biomass was immersed in a sodium hydroxide solution and bleached using hydrogen peroxide. Cellulose modification was performed using alkali treatment and etherification stages with monochloroacetic acid in an isopropanol solvent. The β‐(1,4)‐glycosidic vibration absorption on both the bleaching products at 896 cm−1 confirmed pure cellulose, while a carbonyl group at 1610 cm−1 in the modified cellulose product confirmed the pure CMC product. The CMC obtained had lower thermal stability in the interval 241.35–299.87 compared to cellulose as its source, indicating an increase in the amorphous region. According to experimental findings from the MB adsorption investigation, citric acid‐crosslinked sugarcane bagasse derivatives of carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC) were more effective adsorbents for removing MB than commercial CMC with the same formulation (2 : 1). The study's findings also indicated that an increase in the percentage of MB degradation was correlated with an effect of adsorbent dose and contact time. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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The mangrove ecosystem is unique because it is located between marine and land. Little research is exploring lactic acid bacteria (LAB) from mangrove ecosystems. The LAB LG71 isolate is successfully isolated from the sediment of mangrove ecosystems on the coast of Logending, Jawa Tengah (Indonesia). In this study, we aimed to know the effect of glucose supplementation on the growth of LG71 isolate, bacteriocin production, and its application in food preservation. The characterization results showed that the LG71 isolate is Lactobacillus sp. Interestingly, the LG71 isolate is catalase-positive since this character is rarely found in the LAB group. Supplementing 0.25% glucose to MRSB medium and an incubation time of 15 hours is the best treatment for producing Lactobacillus LG71 isolate cell biomass. A 2% concentration of crude extract of Lactobacillus LG71 bacteriocins is the best concentration against Salmonella typhi both during in vitro and in vivo tests in fish balls. The addition of glucose affects the production of Lactobacillus LG71 cell biomass, and the bacteriocin derived from Lactobacillus LG71 gives increased protection against S. typhi and offers an alternative for food preservation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In Indonesia, the percentage of students dropping out from private universities is always much higher than that of public universities, and the second-highest number of dropouts comes from the engineering field. This study aims to improve the sustainability of engineering faculty in Indonesian private universities by obtaining variables that affect engineering student retention and finding the pattern for each category of student retention. Data was gathered through a questionnaire from 297 engineering faculty students. The questionnaire consists of 34 independent variables using academic performance, attitudes and satisfaction, academic engagement, social and family support, and four categories of student retention (persister, stop-out, slow-down, leaver) as dependent variables. According to discriminant analysis, grade point average (GPA) and student satisfaction in social relationships with fellow students influence engineering student retention. To increase engineering student retention, increasing student satisfaction in social relations with fellow students needs to be prioritized over GPA because the leaver and stop-out categories have a similar pattern, namely high GPA but low satisfaction with social relations with fellow students. Through this research, several efforts are proposed that need to be made by institutions to improve engineering student retention and the sustainability of engineering faculty in Indonesia. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

There has been studies on social media use in Asia, especially in Indonesia. However, not many of them exclusively emphasize on one particular homogeneous community based on religion aspect. This paper aims to describe the use of Instagram among muslimah students in an Islamic Boarding School in West Java, Indonesia. Specifically, this study portrays how muslimah students use and behave during their time using Instagram. This paper also tries to display their understanding on the emergence of safety and security setting function. The data were taken from online questionnaires shared to muslimah students at Aisyiyah Boarding School. The questions are open and closed questions. The research method used is a descriptive quantitative method. The results show that their social media behaviors are positively formed in an environment that supports well-scheduled activities. They only use Instagram occasionally, especially when the teachers ask them to submit tasks there. They rarely post personal contents that have no correlation with school assignments. Most of them use the "block comments and users" setting to keep their account private and safe. They claimed themselves as a non-Instagram addicts as they never experience the same fun feeling when they socialize face-to-face with their friends. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The assessment of genetic diversity is crucial in citrus improvement programs that represents the relationship among genotypes, thus determining an effective plant breeding program. A molecular assessment of 52 collected citrus accessions based on ISSR and SSR was conducted at the ICSFRI in 2020. Based on 4 ISSR primers and 3 SSR primers, the citrus genotypes were grouped into 6 major clusters. Cluster I has the largest 25 members, while Cluster II, III, IV, V and VI have 5, 2, 2, 4 and 13 accession members, respectively. Members of Cluster I are the majority in the mandarin type with spheroids fruit shape with truncate on the fruit top. Cluster II contains citrus accessions from naturally occurring hybrids, while orange accession members of Cluster III are originally grown in different climates. Cluster IV and V members are connected to a common ancestor, Citrus aurantifolia and Citrus limonia. At the same time, Cluster VI is a pumelo group that contains members of Citrus maxima. Clustering based on molecular markers (ISSR and SSR) resulting in this study is useful in citrus breeding programs in Indonesia and other countries. The genetic distance of the parents affects the heterosis effect of the progeny. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: Although Indonesia is not a signatory to the World Health Organization Framework Convention on Tobacco Control, 84% of local governments have adopted Smoke-Free Areas (SFAs) as a national policy. This study examines exposure to secondhand smoke (SHS) in adolescents who have never smoked after 8 years of SFA implementation. Methods: We used data from the 2019 Global Youth Tobacco Survey and a cross-sectional research design to find 6121 students from 148 schools in 30 provinces in Indonesia who met the research inclusion criteria. To identify risk factors regarding SHS exposure, multivariable logistic regression analysis was performed. Results: Although the local government had adopted an SFA policy, 61.1% of adolescents aged 11–17 years, especially middle and high school students, have relatively high exposure to SHS. School environments had the highest prevalence of SHS exposure (50.5%), followed by public places (49.9%) and at home (46.2%). A significant risk factor for exposure to SHS in the school environment is observed in teachers smoking inside school buildings (odds ratio [OR] =4.32, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 3.81–4.89); exposure to SHS at home and in public place (OR = 3.29, 95% CI: 2.93–3.70), and exposure to tobacco advertising, promotion, and sponsorship on offline and online media (OR = 2.07, 95% CI: 1.70–2.52). Conclusion: SFA policies must be evaluated and strengthened before they can be implemented to reduce smoking-related illnesses and economic losses. In addition, it is important to educate families and society about implementing SFA in school environments, public places, and at home. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study examines the context of adolescent bullying during school transitions in Indonesia. Following a sociocultural approach on bullying (Maunder & Crafter, 2018), we argue that bullying is a situational and contextually sensitive phenomenon that is contingent on students' experiences with peers, and the responses of teachers, school, and society, including the educational system in Indonesia. Individual interviews were undertaken with teachers (N = 16) and paired interviews with students from Grade 7 and Grade 10 (N = 40). Preliminary analyses for this ongoing study reveal similarities and differences in teachers' and students' understanding of bullying based on school locations, grades, and gender. Potential implications of the research are discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Public health emergencies require integration between multiple stakeholders in different sectors to monitor the situation and carry out an appropriate response. As a country with a large land area consisting of thousands of islands, Indonesia's centralized Public Health Emergency Operation Center (PHEOC) system is currently unable to effectively contain diseases. A PHEOC system reform is required to accommodate Indonesia's circumstances, particularly at the regional level. We have outlined potential models at the sub-national level for PHEOC based on existing evidence. Policy Options and Recommendations: Based on existing evidence of PHEOC models internationally, we have formulated three policy models for regional-level PHEOC. These models (the ad hoc agency model, the independent agency model, and the Province Health Office (PHO)-based model) entail different chains of command, and each has its own benefits. Conclusion: We recommend that the Ministry of Health in Indonesia adopt the third PHEOC policy model, in which the chain of command lies under the PHO. This is the most practical approach, as the PHO has the authority to mobilize units and access resources in response to imminent public health emergencies. Further training and capacity-building are required to support the PHO as the commander of the regional PHEOC. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Agroforestry systems, particularly the coffee agroforestry system (CAS), represent a promising approach to achieving sustainable development and promoting a green economy in Indonesia. Our research aims to explore the potential of CAS to provide ecosystem services and socioeconomic benefits and address environmental risks in Indonesia. To critically analyze the current state of CAS in Indonesia, its potential for sustainable development, and the challenges that should be addressed to increase its uptake, we conducted a systematic review of published academic literature. Our findings suggest that CAS has the potential to turn a profit in the future thanks to rising global and domestic market demand as well as environmental benefits like reducing carbon emissions and improving resource efficiency. However, several challenges should be addressed to improve coffee quality and sustain green economy activities, including product certification, collaboration with NGOs and business entities, and coordination of government policies at the site level. Overall, this study highlights the importance of CAS as a green economy approach in Indonesia and suggests policy recommendations to support its promotion and adoption. By addressing the challenges and promoting the potential of CAS, sustainable development and green economic growth can be achieved in Indonesia. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The freshwater angelfish (Pterophyllum scalare) is a quite popular freshwater ornamental fish in Indonesia due to its distinguished body shape and pattern. However, its growth tends to be slow due to low nutrients in its main diet, namely Daphnia magna. The most feasible solution is to enrich D. magna to increase its nutritional content with Viterna (livestock vitamins). The purpose of this study was to determine the effectiveness of D. magna enriched with Viterna to increase the growth of freshwater angelfish. This study used a Completely Randomized Design to compare three enrichment dosages (10, 20, and 30 ml/L) with a non-enriched control in three replications. This study showed that 3 hours-enrichment can result in an increase in fat (0.6%) and protein (1.25%) profiles in D. magna. Absolute Weight Growth (AWG), Absolute Length Growth (ALG), and Specific Growth Rates (SGR) showed significant differences (P=0.05) between all treatments. The best result was obtained at a Viterna dosage of 30 ml/L which resulted in an Absolute Weight Growth value of 207.14 mg, an Absolute Length Growth of 14.19 mm, and an SGR of 2.58%/day. Survival rates during the larvae culture were not statistically different (P=0.05) among the treatments. Enrichment of D. magna with Viterna has been proven to optimize its potential as live food for fish larvae cultivation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study investigates the impact of liquidity, profitability, and leverage ratios on financial distress in mining companies listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange. It posits that higher liquidity in a company correlates with reduced financial distress. The research encompasses eight mining companies observed from 2016 to 2020. Purposive sampling was employed to select a sample of eight companies meeting specific criteria. The study utilizes multiple linear regression analysis as its analytical approach. The findings, significant at the 5% level, reveal that liquidity, profitability, and leverage ratios collectively exert a substantial influence on financial distress, accounting for 85.3% of the variance in the dependent variable. Specifically, the study concludes that: 1) Liquidity has a significant negative effect on financial distress, 2) Profitability also demonstrates a significant negative impact on financial distress, and 3) Leverage exhibits a significant positive effect on financial distress. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study was conducted to identify the fire weather conditions needed to assess future peatland fires under climate change. Recent peatland fires in Indonesia have resulted in globally significant environmental impacts. Nevertheless, diurnal fire weather in the peatlands has not been clarified. The objective of this study was to determine the fire weather conditions needed to assess future peatland fires under climate change. An analysis of fire weather using diurnal weather data during the most active fire period in 2015 showed a strong wind speed of 35.7 km h−1 at 3 p.m. that continued to blow for about two weeks, suggesting that peatland fires in 2015 became very active under these very strong wind conditions. The temperature increase rate (ΔT), the RH decrease rate (ΔRH), and the wind speed increase rate (ΔWS) during morning hours from 6:00 a.m. to 9:00 a.m. were 2.3 °C h−1, −10.3% h−1, and 5.2 (km h−1) h−1 respectively. These weather parameters will be used to predict occurrences of active fires. The results of this report may help to predict fire activity under high temperatures in the future based on predictions of global warming made by other researchers. The rapid air temperature increase rate from morning will be useful for fire forecast in Papua. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Many mountainous regions in Indonesia have been utilized for potato cultivation. But location for the cultivation is mainly a rainfed agriculture, which greatly depend on the weather condition. Lembah Gumanti in Solok, West Sumatra is a rainfed main potato-growing area, which faced a low productivity during dry season. Therefore, efforts to optimize potato production in rainfed area remains research challenge. This study aims to identify the optimum cropping calendar for potato and other horticultural commodities in Lembah Gumanti for 2018-2021. We used the water balance approach to derive daily water availability at field level. The approach was used to identify the planting time and pattern of potato and other horticultural commodities for 2018-2023 at dekadal (10-day) interval. The results showed that the most suitable planting time and cropping pattern varied annually. In 2018-2019, the cropping calendar was potato (in October 1st 10-day) – shallots (in April 1st 10-day) – chilies (in July 3rd 10-day). For 2020-2021, the best cropping calendar was shallots (in November 3rd 10-day) – potato (in March 3rd 10-day) – shallots (in August 1st 10-day). The findings reveal that water availability determined the cropping calendar of each commodity [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In many countries, investment promotion is fragmented across multiple government agencies. This can lead to duplication or overlapping, ineffective efforts, a lack of coordination, and confusing guidance for potential investors who are interested in foreign direct investment in the host country. Interactive governance is a process that brings together different stakeholders to address complex problems. It can be used to overcome the challenges posed by fragmented institutions in investment promotion. This paper examines the use of interactive governance in promoting Foreign Direct Investment in Indonesia. Looking at multiple institutions actively taking part in promoting investment abroad, this paper has identified some fragmented institutions that have similar responsibilities for investment promotion shared between the Ministry of Investment and several other government agencies. This study lists various governmental and private organizations that have actively played their role in promoting investment abroad. The primary hypothesis of this study is that interactive governance can improve coordination and reduce duplication in multiple public and private institutions in investment promotion. The secondary hypothesis is that interactive governance can create more favorable investment promotion tasks shared within public government institutions that have more resources to do it. The study is linked to theory by drawing on the literature on interactive governance and investment promotion. The paper concludes that interactive governance could be used as an effective way to overcome the challenges posed by fragmented institutions in promoting investment. It can help to improve coordination, reduce ineffective efforts, and create a more favorable investment climate for potential investors. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]