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Cacao plays an important role in the Indonesia economy. Therefore, its production and area expansion have to increase to achieve maximum cacao productivity by the quality and superior cacao clones. Shoot tip grafting is one of the propagation methods to obtain superior cacao plants by applying Plant Growth Regulators (PGRs). Research on the effect of several PGRs with various concentrations on cacao (Theobroma cacao L.) shoot tip grafting was conducted at the Integrated Innovation Farmer Group, Belubus, Sungai Talang Village, Guguak District, Lima Puluh Kota Regency, West Sumatra from February until June 2022. This study aimed to determine the interaction between PGR type and concentration on the grafting success and growth of cacao shoot tip grafted seedling. The research was designed by a Factorial Completely Randomized Design with three replications. The first factor was the type of PGR, i.e., synthetic PGR (BAP), young corn seed extract, shallot extract, and young coconut water. The second factor was the concentration of PGR, i.e., 0%, 25%, 50%, 75% and 100%. The results showed an interaction between PGRs with some concentrations on the number of shoots, shoot length, and leaf length on the grafted cacao seedling. The natural PGR from young coconut water at a concentration of 75% gave the best effect on the number of shoots (3.33 shoots) and shoot length (24.50 cm) of cacao seedling. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Tacca chantrieri Andre, or bat flower, is a species from Taccaceae family that has unique inflorescences consisting of large, dark-colored bracts with long whiskers, making it suitable as ornamental pot plants. T. chantrieri leaves and rhizomes contain phytochemicals that have been reported to have medicinal properties. T. chantrieri is increasingly hard to find in their native habitat; their seeds have a very slow and low germination rate, whereas propagation in vivo by division takes a long time. A protocol is presented to optimize seed germination and in vitro propagation of T. chantrieri from West Borneo, Indonesia. We have developed a method to improve in vitro germination of freshly harvested T. chantrieri seeds. Pre-sowing treatment with 5 mg L-1 of GA3 for 5 × 24 h and addition of GA3 at 5 mg L-1 to the MS medium significantly promoted earlier and final germination up to >90% within 10 weeks after sowing compared to without GA3, or immersing in GA3 for shorter durations. MS media supplemented with indole acetic acid (IAA) at 0.5 mgL-1 and benzyl adenine (BA) at 1 or 2 mgL-1 was effective to induce shoot proliferation from in vitro germinated seeds; 7-10 shoots were produced after 12 weeks of culture. Shoot proliferation from basal shoot explants were best on MS supplemented with IAA at 0.5 mgL-1. The results of this study have provided a basis for further mass propagation efforts of T. chantrieri. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

<b>Background and Objective:</b> Indonesia boasts a variety of delicious tropical fruits, including pomelo, mainly grown in Pangkep Regency, South Sulawesi Province. However, in this region, some challenges hinder such as inadequate care, aging trees and limited seed supply hinder productivity in this region. <i>In vitro</i> culture methods present a solution by rapidly producing high quality, disease-free pomelo seeds. This study aims to determine the optimal concentration of the BAP added to the culture medium to induce shoots from pomelo seeds. <b>Materials and Methods:</b> The seeds were planted on MS media with the addition of BAP hormone (0.5, 1, 1.5, 2 and 2.5 ppm) and 0 ppm as the control. The experimental units were arranged in a CRD and analyzed using SPSS 20.0 software, employing the Shapiro-Wilk normality test and Levene's Statistic for homogeneity. If the data met the normality and homogeneity assumptions, ANOVA was applied, followed by the DMRT for a parametric test. Otherwise, a non-parametric test namely the Kruskal-Wallis was conducted and differences were further analyzed using the Mann-Whitney test at a 5% significance level. <b>Results:</b> The application of the BAP accelerated shoot emergence, with the most rapid development occurring on the 10th day after planting (DAP), at a BAP concentration of 2.5 ppm for red pomelo. For white pomelo and sweet pomelo, shoots appeared on the 19th and 20th days, respectively at a 2 ppm BAP. Interestingly, root development was fastest between the 4th and 6th DAP in 0 ppm BAP (control). <b>Conclusion:</b> The addition of the BAP at a concentration of 1.5 ppm in the culture medium promotes faster shoot emergence and has a significant impact on the number of shoots in red pomelo.