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The investigation of the correlation between groundwater and surface water in terms of water origin and transformation is crucial for comprehending hydrological processes. Focuses on the Wulagai river and Xiliugou river basin located in East and West Inner Mongolia. It employs hydrochemical analysis and stable H O isotopes techniques to investigate the hydrochemical properties of the basin and quantitatively assess the interconversion between groundwater and surface water. The results suggest that the Xiliugou and Wulagai river basins were originally nourished by atmospheric precipitation, with lower δD and δ18O values in groundwater compared to surface water, attributed to factors such as evaporation, water vapor source, altitude, and latitude. The surface waters in the Xiliugou and Wulagai River exhibit dominance of Na•Ca-SO 4 •HCO 3 and Ca•Na-HCO 3 types, respectively, while the groundwater is characterized by dominance of Na•Ca-HCO 3 and Ca•Mg-HCO 3 types, respectively. The water chemistry of surface water and groundwater in the two basins is influenced by water-rock interactions and processes of evaporation and concentration, primarily observed in the dissolution of carbonate rocks and evaporites. Hydrograph separation using End-Members Mixing Analysis (EMMA) revealed that during the growing season, groundwater in Xiliugou was primarily recharged by precipitation (76.87 %) and surface water (23.13 %), while in Wulagai, groundwater was mainly recharged by precipitation (65 %) and surface water (35 %). The presence of comparable hydrochemical constituents and shared regulatory mechanisms between groundwater and surface water within a given basin provides further evidence of a discernible hydraulic interconnection, primarily driven by the replenishment of groundwater through surface water recharge. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Spring thawing can affect the soil carbon and nitrogen cycling processes and lead to changes in the emissions of greenhouse gases. The temporal variations and impact factors of soil GHGs fluxes were measured in Phragmites australis and Carex appendiculata with the static chamber from the end of March to the end of May in 2018 in riparian wetlands of Xilin River, which is typical inland river meandering through steppe region in Inner Mongolia, China. The results showed that soil CH4 and N2O emissions of the P. australis were significantly higher than those of the Carex appendiculata, whereas CO2 emissions were no significant difference. The responses of soil GHG fluxes to soil environmental factors in P. australis and Carex appendiculata differed. In the P. australis community, soil CO2 and CH4 emissions were influenced jointly by mainly the soil temperature and microbial biomass nitrogen, whereas soil N2O emission was mainly affected by the soil temperature. The dominant controlling factor for CO2 and N2O was soil temperature in the Carex appendiculata, whereas CH4 was mainly regulated by soil water content. The global warming potential of P. australis was significantly higher than that of Carex appendiculata. Those findings highlight the difference in soil greenhouse gas fluxes in different plant communities and the importance of CH4 and N2O emissions during the spring thaw, which contributes to predicting the riparian wetland soil greenhouse gases and their global warming potential under global climate changes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]