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Background: Given the importance and pivotal role of nurses in pain management and control, this study was conducted to determine the nurses' knowledge and attitudes toward in emergency departments. Methods: This study was designed and conducted as a descriptive-analytical cross-sectional study. Nurses' attitude and knowledge towards pain management and control and relationship between their demographic characteristics have been assessed. Nurse Attitude Survey (NAS) and Pain management and control principles assessment Test (PMPAT) questionnaires were used. Results: Totally 400 volunteers, including 148 (37.2%) male and 250 (62.8%) female nurses recruited from 23 hospitals in East Azerbaijan, Iran, with a mean age of 30.88 years (± 6.04 SD) and age range between 22 and 53 years old. The crude mean score of participants' knowledge of pain management and control was 12.51 (± 2.77 SD), and standardized mean score was 40.34 (± 8.92 SD), which was low at 84.8% and moderate in 15.3% of the participants. Older nurses and nurses who previously participated in pain retraining courses had significantly less knowledge about pain management and control (r= -0.104, P = 0.038), and (r= -0.148, P = 0.003) respectively. The crude mean score of participants' attitudes toward pain control and management was 15.22 (± 2.56 SD), and standardized mean score was 60.87 (± 10.26 SD). Nurses' attitudes have become more negative with the increase of their work experience (r = -0.168, P = 0.001), and previously participation in pain retraining courses (r =-0.207, P < 0.001). Older nurses and highly educated nurses had significantly more negative attitudes towards pain control and management (r = -0.153, P = 0.002), and (r= -0.126, P = 0.005), respectively. Conclusions: The current study revealed that pain management and control knowledge in most emergency nurses was low, and most of them had a moderate attitude. We need more scientific and comprehensive pain management and control training courses to improve knowledge and attitude among health workers and nurses. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Patient engagement in patient safety is aimed at increasing the awareness and participation of patients in error-prevention strategies. The aim of this project was to improve the patient safety with the patient engagement within the local context of a maternity hospital by implementing best practice. Methods: A clinical audit was conducted using the JBI Practical Application of Clinical Evidence System tool. The current project was conducted in surgical ward of Shahid-Beheshti maternity hospital, Iran. The sample size was 46 patients and 46 healthcare practitioners for both the baseline and follow-up. In phase 1, four audit criteria were used and a baseline audit was conducted for this project. In phase 2, barriers to compliance were identified, and strategies were adopted to promote best practice. In phase 3, a follow-up audit was conducted. Results: The results showed varying levels of compliance with the four criteria used in this project. The criterion 1, which was related to training of healthcare practitioners on how they can support patients, has the highest compliance at 87% in baseline and follow up data collection. Furthermore, compared with the baseline data (criterion 2 = 52%; criterion 3 = 37%; criterion 4 = 61%), compliance with criteria 2, 3, and 4 notably improved at 85, 76, and 92%, respectively. Conclusions: The present project successfully implements patient engagement in Iran and reveals varying results on compliance and the increasing knowledge of healthcare practitioners and patients on evidence-based patient engagement in order to improve the patient safety. The used strategies can facilitate implementation of evidence based procedures in clinical practice. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: Despite to high burden of road traffic injuries (RTIs), the RTI epidemiology has received less attention with rare investments on robust population cohorts. The PERSIAN Traffic Safety and Health Cohort (PTSHC) was designed to assess the potential causal relationships between human factors and RTI mortality, injuries, severity of the injury, hospitalised injury, violation of traffic law as well as offer the strongest scientific evidence., Participants: The precrash cohort study is carried out in four cities of Tabriz, Jolfa, Shabestar and Osku in East Azerbaijan province located in northwest Iran. The participants were people who sampled among the general population. The cluster sampling method was used to enrol the households in this study. The PTSHC encompasses a wide and comprehensive range and types of data. These include not only the common cohort data collections such as medical examination measures, previous medical history, bio assays and behavioural assessments but also includes data obtained using advanced novel technologies, for example, electronic travel monitoring, driving simulation and neuro-psycho-physiologic laboratory assessments specifically developed for traffic health field., Findings to Date: A total of 7200 participants aged 14 years and above were enrolled at baseline, nearly half of them being men. The mean age of participants was 39.2 (SD=19.9) years. The majority of participants (55.4%) belonged to the age group of 30-56 years. Currently, approximately 1 200 000 person-measurements have been collected., Future Plans: PSTHC will be used to determine the human-related risk factors by adjusting for the vehicle and land-use-related factors. Therefore, a lot of crashes can be prevented using effective interventions. Although this cohort provides valuable data, it is planned to increase its size to achieve the highest level of evidence with higher generalisability. Also, according to the national agreement this cohort is going to be extended to several geographical regions in second decade., Competing Interests: Competing interests: None declared., (© Author(s) (or their employer(s)) 2024. Re-use permitted under CC BY-NC. No commercial re-use. See rights and permissions. Published by BMJ.)