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With the increase in construction activities under the effects of neo-liberal policies, especially in metropolitan cities, the urban management system faces the critical issue of striving for an urban identity. This study seeks to reveal the awareness of national urban laws and regulations regarding the urban identity concept in the scope of urban facades and silhouettes. On the other hand, the problems experienced and visible in urban silhouettes and identity are indicators of awareness regarding the legislation and the deficiencies and obstacles arising from its implementation. Iran, a developing country with different layers of identity such as culture and religion, is selected for this research. The research focuses on the case of Iran in two essential components. Firstly, it aims to demonstrate the awareness of legal tools in the scope of the necessity for the continuity of urban identity and silhouettes. Then, it reveals the real implementations in urban areas, which show the loss of identity and continuity in the urban facade and silhouette. The most reliable way to reveal this is through urban silhouettes and facade visuals. In this case, the visuals of the buildings built during the Pahlavi period, the buildings from the first years of the revolution, and those being built today as city and architecture interfaces show the lack of identity and the loss of continuity of the facade in their most distinctive features. Since architectural development and urban areas are always subject to social and political development, the era after the Islamic Revolution of Iran, as one of the most important political, social, and cultural events, was chosen to evaluate city facades and identity. In this study, a comprehensive literature review was conducted, in which the legislation, including legal sources, laws, and regulations, as well as historical periods, maps, and visual sources, were examined. The requirements of the legislation and real practices were compared with the support of visuals. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Various studies indicate the risk of accidents and disaster rescuers suffering from burnout syndrome. Job burnout consists of three components, namely emotional exhaustion, depersonalization, and reduced personal accomplishment. Personality traits as crucial variables are involved in the occurrence of job burnout. No study was conducted in Iran on the... [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Burnout is a common psychological state among medical residents, which may affect their training, safety, and clinical performance. This study aimed to examine burnout, and its associated factors among the medical residents in university hospitals of Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Iran. Material and Methods: This was a cross-sectional study conducted on 300 medical residents from teaching hospitals in March 2021, using a web-based questionnaire. The validated Persian version of Maslach Burnout Questionnaire was used to collect the data. Multivariate linear regression analysis was used to identify factors significantly associated with burnout. Results: From 300 medical residents, 291(97%) responded. The participants' mean age was 32.9± 4.4, and over half (60.1%) were females, and 140(48.1%) were married. Burnout was reported by 77.3% of the medical residents. As far as emotional exhaustion (EE) was concerned, 25.1% reported high levels of burnout. In addition, high levels of depersonalization (DP) were reported by 19.9% of the participants, and 32.3% indicated a sense of low professional accomplishment (PA). There were notable differences in burnout and its dimensions among medical residents specializing in various fields, with surgical-specialty residents reporting the highest levels (p=0.000). Moreover, burnout was significantly associated with age (p=0.036), residency year (p=0.001), and specialty type (p=0.000). Based on multiple linear regression model, higher burnout scores were predicted by age (p=0.001), and specialty type (p=0.001). Conclusions: Based on our findings, there is a relatively high rate of burnout among medical residents. Therefore, it is essential that stakeholders urgently take effective measures to protect medical residents' mental health. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background & Aims Health workers during the COVID-19 pandemic had high responsibilities of prevention and treatment, which can cause anxiety in them considering the negative effects of the pandemic on mental health. This study aims to investigate the COVID-19-related anxiety level and its relationship with job burnout in health workers from Bushehr province, southern Iran. Materials & Methods This is a descriptive-correlational study with a cross-sectional design that was conducted in 2022. Participants were 365 health workers from health centers affiliated to Bushehr University of Medical Sciences, who were selected by census method. The data was collected using a sociodemographic form, the Maslach Burnout Inventory, and the corona virus anxiety scale. SPSS software, version 16 was used for data analysis. Results Of 365 health workers, 308 completed the questionnaires. The majority of thm were female (69.5%) and married (85.7%). Their mean age and work experience were 37.8 and 13.9 years, respectively. The anxiety in most health workers (70.8%) was mild (Mean: 12.58 ±10.81). The findings also showed that 31.8% had moderate to severe emotional exhaustion; depersonalization was mostly low (82.1%), and about half had low personal achievement (49.7%). There was a significant relationship between COVID-19-related anxiety and emotional exhaustion (r=0.667; P<0.001), depersonalization (r=0.472, P<0.001), and personal achievement (r=-0.188, P=0.001). Conclusion There is a significant relationship between anxiety caused by COVID-19 and job burnout in health workers. Although the pandemic did not cause high anxiety among health workers in Bushehr province, it can disrupt their performance. Policymakers in Iran should pay more attention to the negative effects of pandemics on health workers. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: The crisis of COVID-19 has greatly impacted the mental health of healthcare workers, and neglecting it can cause burnout syndrome among them. This study investigates job burnout and its association with the general health among healthcare professionals (HCPs) during the coronavirus pandemic. Materials and Methods: In this descriptive study in 2022, 400 employees of Kermanshah hospitals were selected using the convenience sampling method and Cochran's formula. The online questionnaire had 3 parts. The first was demographic information, the second was Maslach Burnout Inventory (MBI), and the third was a 28-question general health questionnaire. The data was analyzed using descriptive statistical and analytical tests, including the chi-square test, linear regression, and correlation at a significance level of less than 0.05 using SPSS software, version 19. Results: All the job burnout components had a strong correlation with general health items Emotional Exhaustion (r=-0.509, p<0.01), Reduced Personal Accomplishment (r=-0.514, p<0.01), and Depersonalization (r=-0.614, p<0.01)). Among all the components of job burnout, depersonalization could predict 38.6% of general health changes in employees working in the hospitals of Kermanshah City. Conclusion: Healthcare professionals in Kermanshah hospitals have experienced a lot of job burnout during the pandemic of Covid-19, and this problem was related to their general health status. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

BACKGROUND: Burnout is not only related to mental health but also to efficiency. Thus, recognizing effective coping strategies has a significant role in improving mental health, the efficiency and productivity of human resources, and making better the level of quality of service. OBJECTIVE: To determine burnout syndrome and examine related factors among the employees of Mashhad University of Medical Sciences. METHOD: This cross-sectional study was conducted among 600 employees at Mashhad University of Medical Sciences. They were selected by a stratified sampling method. The data collection tool was the demographic information and the Burnout Self-Test Maslach Burnout Inventory (MBI) questionnaire. Data were analyzed through SPSS software version 20, using descriptive statistics and independent samples t-tests, one-way ANOVA, and Pearson and Spearman regression. RESULTS: The findings showed that emotional exhaustion (EE) and depersonalization (DP) in the majority of employees were high and personal accomplishment (PA) was low at 88.33% of cases. All participants presented burnout. However, participants aged 35-40 years, those with professional and Ph.D. degrees, and research staff reported higher burnout levels. CONCLUSION: Job burnout and its subscale levels among the employees were high. Job burnout is associated with socioeconomic status that can be affected by individual, organizational, management, and environmental factors. Therefore, this study suggests that employees need to get out of EE and DP conditions for higher job performance. Additionally, further research is required to examine the long-term effects of workplace burnout. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background and Aims: Emotional intelligence (EI) has improved job performance and has been associated with the success of individuals. The interfering role of happiness in this equation is unneglectable; however, this association has not been established in clinical medical students exposed to work pressures and stressful hospital atmospheric. The present perusal was conducted to evaluate the relationship between EI and happiness in clinical medical students. Methods: A multicenter cross‐sectional investigation was conducted in Iran from December 2021 to June 2022. Multi‐stage cluster sampling followed by a systematic random selection was applied to choose participants. Data gathering was carried out online by Brief Emotional Intelligence Scale‐10 and Oxford Happiness Questionnaire. Results: Data from 405 participants were analyzed. The mean age was 24.2 years; men and women constituted 208 (51.4%) and 197 (48.6%) of all participants. Gamma regression analysis has determined age (Exp (B) = 1.016, p‐value < 0.001), female gender (Exp (B) = 0.966, p‐value = 0.04), extrovert personality (Exp (B) = 1.076, p‐value < 0.001), perceived somatic health (Exp (B) = 1.002, p‐value < 0.001), and stress level (Exp (B) = 0.990, p‐value = 0.01) as predictors of happiness. EI comprises five domains, and except for appraisal of others' emotions, an increase in all other domains of emotional intelligence was associated with higher happiness. GBRT model of significant variables revealed regulation of own emotions is the most happiness‐predictor variable (Exp (B) = 1.042, p‐value < 0.001). Conclusion: Diminishing the stresses helps medical students have a happier life. In happiness‐boosting strategies, vulnerable individuals (women, introverts, and those of higher age) ought to be noted as the targeted population. In this investigation, emotional intelligence was the most effective predictor of happiness in clinical medical students. Planning to promote happiness in these medical staff by enhancing their EI leads to better decision‐making and more prosperity in their job, resulting in better patient care services. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Job burnout is more frequent in stressful and high-risk jobs. Healthcare workers, especially Voluntary Counseling and Testing (VCT) workers and therapists, are more exposed to job burnout. This study aimed to compare the burnout rate among the staff and therapists working in behavioral disease counseling centers and health centers in 9 provinces of Iran. Material and Method: This cross-sectional study was conducted in 9 provinces of Iran from January 2020 to March 2020. For this research, 94 VCT workers as the experimental group, and 103 public clinic workers participated as the available sampling group. To collect the data, the Meslesh questionnaire was used and descriptive statistics (frequency, percentage, mean, etc.) and inferential methods were applied for statistical analysis (t-test, one-way analysis of variance and Tukey post hoc test, chi - square test and Spearman correlation test). (P< 0.05). Results: Our finding showed that 33% of health center workers and 32% of VCT workers had burnout, but the difference was not statistically significant. Most Health Center (HC) workers who showed burnout were working in the southern province of Iran (Bushehr and Bandar Abbas), and the most VCT workers who showed burnout were working in the western province of Iran (Kermanshah and Kurdistan). Conclusion: Although the rate of burnout in the staff of these two centers is very similar, it can be concluded that due to the small number of people referred to AIDS centers compared to the large number of patients in health centers, working with people with HIV/AIDS is so difficult. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

BACKGROUND: Workplace violence is an important event that affects the safety of healthcare employees, and diagnosing it in hospitals is an immediate occupational concern. OBJECTIVE: The present study was conducted to investigate general health and the prevalence of occupational violence and to predict its consequences among nurses and paramedics as the main body in medical settings. METHODS: This cross-sectional study was performed in 2020 in a selected hospital in Tehran, Iran. A total of 208 healthcare workers participated in the study. To study general health, exposure to workplace violence, job burnout, and productivity, the general health questionnaire (GHQ), the workplace violence questionnaire, the Maslach burnout questionnaire, and the workforce productivity questionnaire were provided to healthcare workers, respectively. Then, a multiple linear regression model was used to predict violence and its consequences. RESULTS: The results revealed that 34.1% of the participants have psychological disorders, and 74.5% have experienced one type of violence in their workplace at least once during the past year. The multiple linear regression model results indicated that workplace violence prevalence proved the ability to predict the increase in burnout and decrease in job productivity. CONCLUSION: Exposure to violence in the workplace significantly increases the risk of mental disorders associated with the risk of mental illness. Therefore, managing exposure to violence in the workplace is a practical step in improving general and mental health and ultimately increasing job productivity in medical settings. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

As a well-known phenomenon with significant social, biological, and psychological impacts, burnout syndrome has been viewed and treated from different therapeutic perspectives. However, few studies have evaluated interventions to prevent and alleviate teacher burnout. This study comprised a randomized controlled trial (RCT) of a group-based cognitive–behavioral therapy (CBT) program for teacher burnout, with assessments at pre-treatment, post-treatment, and 6-month follow-up. The Maslach Burnout Inventory-Educators Survey (MBI-ES) was administered to 242 English language teachers with diverse professional profiles in Iran. Of these, 62 teachers with burnout symptoms were randomly assigned to either a group-based eight-week CBT treatment program or a waiting list control condition. The results of a series of mixed factorial ANOVAs demonstrated significantly greater improvements for the treatment compared to the control condition on the total score and three subscales of the MBI-ES (teachers' emotional exhaustion, depersonalization, and reduced personal accomplishment) at post-treatment, with treatment effects maintained at 6-month follow-up. This CBT intervention has promise for supporting teachers in stressful occupational conditions and reducing their burnout. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Reports regarding experienced teacher burnout in public schools are becoming a concerning issue. Although several therapeutic interventions have been proposed to alleviate burnout symptoms, CBT programs appear to be more practical with large effects on burnout. However, there is limited research investigating the effects of an adapted group-based CBT program on teacher burnout. The Maslach Burnout Inventory-Educators Survey was administered to 201 teachers working in public schools in Iran. Initial analyses indicated burnout symptoms in 66 teachers, who were randomly assigned to either a CBT treatment program or a waitlist group. The treatment group attended an adapted group therapy program with various therapeutic coping strategies, cognitive restructuring techniques, and applied relaxation training to facilitate cognitive and behavior change. Multilevel modeling was used to estimate treatment effects on teachers' burnout symptoms. The results indicated the positive effects of the treatment program in improving teachers' emotional exhaustion, depersonalization, and reduced personal accomplishment, which remained significantly elevated at a 6-month follow-up of the intervention. However, treatment effects and improvements in outcome measures were larger for novice teachers. Accordingly, teaching experience moderated the relationship between the group conditions and burnout levels. The findings from the study suggest this culturally-adapted CBT intervention may contribute to overcoming occupational stressors and reducing teachers' burnout, which is critically important for sustaining the workforce. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Employee bullying and burnout are two crucial, prevalent and challenging concepts that adversely affect organizational staff behaviours. Also, adverse patient care is associated with nurse bullying and burnout. Aim: This study aimed to assess the incidence and association between workplace bullying and occupational burnout among nurses in critical care units in Iran. Study design: A cross‐sectional descriptive study. Methods: The subjects were 184 nurses from critical care units in 6 teaching hospitals in Iran. Three questionnaires were distributed among the study population; (a) demographic characteristics questionnaire, (b) Maslach Burnout Inventory (MBI) and (c) bullying at Workplace Questionnaire. Descriptive statistics were used to present the workplace bullying and occupational burnout status among nurses. Linear and logistic regression analyses were conducted to estimate the relationship between workplace bullying with MBI and nurses' demographic characteristics, respectively. Results: 62% of the nurses had moderate emotional exhaustion, 59.8% had moderate depersonalization and 46.2% had a moderate individual achievement. 75.5% faced workplace bullying. There was a positive and significant association between bullying scores and burnout in total (Pearson's r = 0.598, p < 0.001). Linear regression test showed a positive and significant relationship between bullying with MBI dimensions (R = 0.613, p < 0.001) for emotional exhaustion, (R = 0.679, p < 0.001) for depersonalization and (R = −0.417, p < 0.001) for individual achievement. Conclusions: Among Iranian nurses, bullying is a prominent and substantial issue that significantly correlates with their negative performance by enhancing job burnout. Relevance to Clinical Practice: It is suggested that some measures are adopted to avoid workplace bullying and to reduce occupational burnout for nurses. Managers should create an environment that encourages nurses to voice their concerns – informing nurses about their rights and creating a positive atmosphere in the hospital. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Job burnout of healthcare professionals results in poor quality of care, making them leave the profession. A direct relationship between quality of work-life and job burnout is not clear among midwives. The aim of this study was to investigate the correlation between the quality of work-life and burnout in midwives. Materials and Methods: This correlational cross-sectional study was conducted by using census sampling and participation of 282 midwives working in all private and public hospitals with labor wards (n = 17) in Isfahan, Iran, in 2018. Quality of Work-life Questionnaire and Maslach Burnout Inventory were used. Partial correlation and regression analysis were used to analyze the data in SPSS.19 software. Results: Regarding the three dimensions of job burnout, an average level of emotional exhaustion and personal accomplishment as well as a low level of depersonalization were observed in the participants. The total score of quality of work-life had a significant inverse correlation only with the dimension of emotional exhaustion (r = -0.43, p > 0.001). The dimensions of quality of work-life were predictive of 28% and 12% variance of job burnout in the dimensions of emotional exhaustion and personal accomplishment (R² = 0.28 and R² = 0.12, respectively). Conclusions: Job burnout is correlated to the quality of work life among midwives. To improve the quality of midwives' services and prevent their job burnout, especially emotional exhaustion, more attention should be paid to improving the quality of their work-life. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objectives: The presence of skilled, motivated therapists is critical to meet the rehabilitation needs of children with disability. This study aimed to determine whether on-the-job training on applying goal attainment scaling (GAS) affects pediatric occupational therapists' burnout and job motivation. Methods: This study was quasi-experimental with a pre-test-post-test design. After signing the informed consent, 35 pediatric occupational therapists at a child rehabilitation center attended a course of five 1.5-2 h workshop sessions during 5 consequent weeks on applying GAS in their workplace. Through the workshop, the trainees practiced setting goals and making 5-point scales to measure the degree of reaching those goals. The participant asked to bring some of their client's descriptions (anonymous) to the workshop as samples to talk about them. Afterward, they were asked to fill in the GAS documentation form as part of their rehabilitation records. Participants' job motivation and burnout scores were measured by the Maslach questionnaire and Loudahel Kitchener's Job Motivation Scale, respectively, before the workshop and 30 and 60 days later. The paired t-test and Wilcoxon test were used for comparisons. Results: The Mean±SD job motivation scores, which were 42.37±6.73 before the intervention, rose to 52.82±8.51 and 56±7.59 at the end of the workshop (day 30) and on follow-up measurement (day 60), respectively (P<0.001). The effect size was 0.556. The burnout scores slightly decreased from 58±12.86 before the intervention to 55.37±12.07, with an effect size of 0.117 on day 60 measurements. Discussion: A short on-the-job training workshop on applying GAS in the formal assessment of achievements in different aspects of child life by rehabilitation practices could help in enhancing therapists' job motivation. Positive effects of GAS administration on motivation and burnout in therapists should take into account along with the client benefits for judging the usefulness of the GAS. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background & Aims Considering the prevalence of COVID-19, the sensitivity of the nursing profession, and the harmful effects of job burnout on the quality of nursing care, the present study aims to investigate the role of personality traits, work-family conflicts, and social support in predicting job burnout of nurses during the COVID-19 pandemic. Materials & Methods This descriptive-analytical study with a cross-sectional design was conducted from August to September 2021, coinciding with the fifth wave of COVID-19 in Iran, on 130 nurses working in four hospitals in Ilam province, who were selected by a random sampling method. Data collection tools were a demographic form, Maslach burnout questionnaire, NEO personality inventory, Carlson's work)family conflict scale, and Zimet's multidimensional scale of perceived social support. The collected data were analyzed in SPSS software, version 26 using Pearson's correlation test and regression analysis. The significant level was set at 0.05. Results According to the results of regression analysis, the relationship of work-family conflict with job burnout was negative and significant (P<0.05). The extroversion had the highest effect on emotional exhaustion (β=-0.351). Perceived social support had no significant effect on job burnout (P>0.05). Agreeableness had the highest effect on depersonalization (β=0.405). The work-family conflict had the highest effect on personal accomplishment (β=0.260). Conclusion Personality traits, work-family conflicts, and social support can predict the occurrence of job burnout in nurses. It is necessary for the hospital authorities to use supportive and educational measures to reduce job burnout in nurses during the pandemic. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: The objective of the present study is to explore the effects of personality traits on job burnout among hospital nurses. Materials and Methods: This cross-sectional research was done during 2019–2020 at Kashan Shahid Beheshti Hospital. The data analysis procedures included descriptive statistics and the partial least squares-based structural equation modeling. The participants were 150 nursing professionals. A questionnaire indicating information on demographics, burnout (measured using the Maslach Burnout Inventory with three dimensions of depersonalization, emotional exhaustion, and personal accomplishment), and personality profile (measured employing the neuroticism extraversion openness five-factor inventory including extroversion, conscientiousness, agreeableness, neuroticism, and openness to experience dimensions) was used to gather the required data. Results: The results of the study showed that the validity and reliability of the measurement model were desirable (factor load higher than 0.5, the Cronbach's alpha value and the composite reliability are >0.7). Structural model showed statistically drastic, negative relationship between the nurses' burnout levels and neuroticism (β = −0.722) and openness to experience (β = −0.437). However, the relationship was significantly positive between the nurses' burnout levels and conscientiousness (β = 0.672), agreement (β = 0.594), and extraversion (β = 0.559) (P < 0.03). Conclusions: The present study helped the recognition of burnout among nurses working in hospitals and approved the effects of personality features on the burnout experience. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background & Aims Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) caused many psychological and social problems in people around the world, especially nurses. The present study aims to investigate and compare post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD), burnout, and psychological disorders in nurses with and without COVID-19. Materials & Methods This is a causal-comparative study. The study population includes all male and female nurses of non-government hospitals in Tehran from July to September 2021. Of these, 220 nurses (110 without COVID-19 infection and 110 with COVID-19) voluntarily participated in the study. The questionnaires were the Mississippi Scale for Combat-Related Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder, the Maslach Burnout Inventory, and the Depression, Anxiety, Stress Scale. Finally, data analysis was performed using multivariate and univariate analysis of variance in SPSS software, version 16. Results There was a significant difference between the two groups in terms of PTSD, burnout, and psychological disorders (P<0.05). Nurses with COVID-19 had higher scores in PTSD (F=96.38, P<0.001), emotional exhaustion (P<0.001, F=12.45), depersonalization (F=15.49, P<0.001), depression (F=92.97, P<0.001), anxiety (F=37.94, P<0.001) and stress (F=47.6, P<0.001). The nurses with no COVID-19 had higher score in personal accomplishment. Conclusion Nurses who were infected with COVID-19 had lower psychological health compared to noninfected nurses. For this purpose, it is necessary to take measures to identify and provide psychological treatments to improve the mental health of vulnerable nurses. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background. One of the important factors affecting human health that may reduce their efficiency and effectiveness in various organizations, including academic libraries, is job burnout. This negative phenomenon may deprive libraries of experienced manpower, disrupting the educational and information needs of library users, ultimately leading to the failure of the library and its organization in achieving the intended goals and missions. This study, with the aim of optimizing the performance of human resources, set out to identify the relationship between work-related musculoskeletal disorders and burnout in an effort to help in planning to reduce the rate of burnout. Methods. The study is descriptive in nature and correlational and applied in terms of purpose. It was done by census method on 126 librarians of Ahvaz public universities (Jundishapur and Chamran universities). The Cornel questionnaire was used to measure the amount of physical injury caused by work and the Maslach questionnaire was used to measure the degree of burnout. Data analysis was performed in two parts: descriptive statistics and inferential statistics. The significance level is considered to be equal to 5 percent. Results. The findings indicated that the total rate of musculoskeletal disorders (32.96) and total job burnout (1.72) were lower than the population average. The highest rate of musculoskeletal disorders was in the neck area (78.9%) and the lowest rate was in the lower leg (37.8%). No significant difference was observed between male and female librarians of Ahvaz public universities in the variables of musculoskeletal disorders caused by work and job burnout. Conclusion. In general, musculoskeletal disorders have a positive relationship with all dimensions of job burnout except for individual performance, and there is an increase in musculoskeletal disorders, there is also a corresponding rise in the rate of job burnout. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The aim of this study was to evaluate the burnout, anxiety, and professional self-concept of nurses according to their demographic and occupational information. 160 nurses from Razi and Poursina hospitals in Iran were selected as a sample in this cross-sectional online survey and answered the tools Demographic and Occupational Information Questionnaire (DOIQ), Maslach Burnout Inventory-Human Services Survey (MBIHSS), Corona Disease Anxiety Scale (CDAS) and Nurse Self-Concept Questionnaire (NSCQ). Data analysis was performed in two descriptive and inferential sections using SPSS-19 statistics software. The participation rate in this study was 87.5% (n=140). The mean age was 32.56 (SD=7.26) years. The burnout rate in emotional exhaustion (EE) was 24.3%, depersonalization (DP) was 32.1%, and personal accomplishment (PA) was 60.7%, 21.4% of nurses had high anxiety, and 53.6% had low NSCQ. EE score was higher in nurses with less than ten years of experience (t=2.21) and single people (t=-3.18). DP score was higher in people under 35 years (t=3.20), with work experience of fewer than ten years (t=4.34), and single people (t=-3.07). Females in PA reported more burnout (t=-2.43). CDAS score was higher in females (t=3.20). NSCQ score was higher in married people (t=-3.07). CDAS was positively correlated with EE and DP and negatively correlated with PA. NSCQ was negatively correlated with EE and DP and positively correlated with PA. At first, a high CDAS score and then celibacy, less than ten years of work experience, and a low NSCQ score were effective in multiple linear regression analysis for MBI-HSS. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: For many people who work in the nursing profession, a large part of their work involves emotional (psychological) and physical stress. The work environment of psychiatric hospitals imposes a high level of stress to staff due to dealing with patients with psychiatric disorders. Moreover, there is a negative attitude in the society towards patients with mental disorders and mental hospitals. Therefore, it is possible that psychiatric hospital nurses suffer more problems. In this study, workload and burnout have been investigated as two important factors affecting health among nurses working in a psychiatric hospital. Methods: In this cross-sectional study, a total sample of 82 nurses working in Iran psychiatric hospital was included and participated in the survey. Demographic information questionnaire, Maslach burnout questionnaire and NASA-TLX index were used for data collection. Results: The depersonalization subscale had the highest score in the burnout variable and the mental stress subscale had the highest score in the workload variable. The results of this study showed that there is a significant and positive relationship between workload and emotional fatigue as well as workload and depersonalization and also no correlation was found between workload and individual performance. Conclusion: This study shows that workload, emotional fatigue and depersonalization have positive correlation. In addition, the mental stress subscale had the highest score in the workload variable. Further attention to workload and burnout of the nurses in psychiatric hospitals is suggested and future large and multi-center studies on the topic are necessary. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: The COVID-19 pandemic has been prolonged and healthcare workers have become exhausted. The purpose of this study was to investigate burnout and its relationship with mental health in COVID-19 frontline healthcare workers. Method: This cross-sectional study was carried out in all hospitals where patients with COVID-19 were admitted in Hamedan, Iran. With the census method and considering the inclusion criteria, 924 COVID-19 frontline healthcare workers participated in this study. Data were collected using a web-based survey consisting of demographic characteristics, GHQ-28, and Maslach Burnout Inventory. Statistical analysis was performed using Stata 14. Results: The results showed that the main cause of concern and stress in employees was that it was not clear how long this situation would continue. The results regarding burnout and mental health showed that 29.33% of participants were high in emotional exhaustion (EE), 10.93% were high in depersonalization (DP), 34.31% were low in personal accomplishment (PA), 50.4% had physical symptoms, 50.2% had anxiety and insomnia symptoms, 62.2% had social dysfunction and 17.5% had depression symptoms. The results of the multivariate logistic regression showed that EE had the greatest role in reducing mental health of employees with OR = 6.92 for moderate EE and OR = 39.42 for high EE (P < 0.001). Conclusion: COVID-19 frontline healthcare workers are at risk for burnout and poor mental health. Health policies should be implemented to help reduce burnout in healthcare workers. Also, person-directed and organizational-directed interventions to rejuvenate these employees seem necessary. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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Epidemiologic and etiological studies of dissociative disorders are a challenging area in psychiatry. These challenges become more complex when noting that the existing theories cannot explain the differences observed in certain cases; for example, studies in Iran have reported the prevalence of dissociative disorders (dissociative amnesia, dissociative fugue, and depersonalization disorder) as less than 0.6%, and there has been no reported case of dissociative identity disorder (DID) in this country; meanwhile, the prevalence of all dissociative disorders in the general population of the US has been reported as 18.3%, and the prevalence of DID as about 1.1%. Although several studies indicate the high prevalence of dissociative symptoms in many Iranian psychiatric illnesses, dissociative disorders as a stand-alone disorder have a very low prevalence in Iran. The present article attempts to propose a possible hypothesis for the answer to the above questions through a different cultural conceptualization and seeks to be of some help to future studies in this area. Certainly, this hypothesis requires a careful study to be validated. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: Occupational burnout is one of the complications of work and a psychological syndrome including emotional exhaustion, depersonalization, and feeling of inadequacy. Furthermore, personality traits such as openness, conscientiousness, extroversion, agreeableness, and neuroticism can affect the degree of occupational burnout. This study is to investigate the relationship between these two factors. Materials and Methods: This descriptive study was performed on 87 nurses from Kashan Beheshti Hospital. We used Neo and Maslach questionnaires to investigate the personality traits and occupational burnout. Sampling was performed by a simple random sampling method, and the data were collected by Neo and Maslach questionnaires. Statistical analysis was performed using Chi-square, Fisher exact test, independent t-test, and Pearson correlation coefficient. Results: In general, there is a significant relationship between different aspects of occupational burnout with personality traits. There was no significant relationship between occupational burnout and age (P < 0.262), while there was a relationship between occupational desirability and age. There was no significant relationship between the frequency and severity of occupational burnout in the various aspects of age, sex, and marital status of nurses. There is also no relationship between personality traits and these three factors. Conclusion: The study showed that the personality traits of nurses are effective in their occupational burnout. Furthermore, compare to depersonalization, emotional exhaustion, and feeling of inadequacy in nurses is more related to personality traits and the modification of work environment and reduction of work stress are recommended for these employees. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: A majority of parents of children with chronic illness encounter physical conditions, as well as some degrees of burnout, anxiety, and depression. This study examined the prevalence of burnout in the primary caregivers of children with chronic conditions and its related factors. Methods: A descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted on 385 family caregivers of children with chronic conditions who were selected by convenience sampling method from 4 healthcare centers in Kashan and Isfahan Provinces, Iran. A demographics questionnaire and the Maslach Burnout Inventory (MBI) were used to gather the required data. The MBI assesses caregiver burnout in 3 domains of emotional exhaustion, depersonalization, and reduced personal accomplishment. The obtained data were analyzed in SPSS using Mann-Whitney U test, Kruskal-Wallis test, Chi-Squared test, Fisher's Exact test, Analysis of Variance (ANOVA), and linear regression analysis. P<0.05 was considered significant. Results: The Mean±SD age of the examined caregivers and children were 38.2±8.04 and 8.9±4.9 years, respectively. Fifty percent of the research participants were fathers, and 74.3% had a family size of >4 members. The ill children were mostly boys (60%) and afflicted with renal (45.2%) or neurological (18.2%) disorders. The mean scores of the caregivers in the 3 subscales of emotional exhaustion, depersonalization, and personal accomplishment, were 22.21, 6.40, and 13.24, respectively. However, 62.3% and 47.9% of the caregivers experienced high or moderate levels of emotional exhaustion and depersonalization; nearly all of them (99.2%) experienced reduced personal accomplishment. The age of the child, the type of chronic condition, the frequency of medical visits, as well as the caregiver's age, job, income, and family size, could predict caregiver burnout (r2=0.17). Conclusion: The family caregivers of children with chronic conditions experience moderate burnout. Nurses and other healthcare providers should be aware of the signs of caregiver burnout and its contributing factors; accordingly; appropriate plans should be made for the periodic evaluation of family caregivers. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Occupational burnout, as a reaction to persistent work pressures, reduces efficiency, wastes manpower, and causes physical and psychological complications. The aim of this study was to determine the frequency and intensity of occupational burnout among pre-hospital emergency staff in Iran. Materials and Methods: This study was performed based on the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines. Data resources included Scientific Information Database (SID), Magiran, Islamic World Science Citation Center (ISC), Irandoc, PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, and Google Scholar. Results: Initially, 178 articles were extracted, and then 13 articles were finally analyzed. Overall, 2034 pre-hospital emergency personnel were examined. Mean of occupational burnout in term of frequency, respectively for emotional exhaustion (16.78, 95% CI = 8.89-24.67, I2 = 62.30%, p = 0.004), depersonalization (11.57, 95% CI = 6.97-16.18, I2 = 68.50%, p = 0.001) and the lack of personal accomplishment (16.11, 95% CI = 8.60 -23.62, I2 = 74.70%, p = 0 <001) were determined. Also, in term of intensity, respectively for emotional exhaustion (17.90, 95% CI = 8.24-27.57, I2 = 64.80, p = 0.004), depersonalization (11.20, 95% CI = 6.80-16.22, I2 = 49.60%, p = 0.044) and the lack of personal accomplishment (23.45, 95% CI = 13.41 -33.49, I2 = 84.80%, p = 0 <001) were determined. Conclusions: According to findings, depersonalization and lack of personal accomplishment had moderate and high-level, respectively. Therefore, it is necessary health policymakers pay special attention to identifying and resolving the causes of occupational burnout in this population. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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Introduction: Job burnout is a common phenomenon in health care employees who need to deal with and witness people's problems and expectations. By definition, occupational cognitive failures appear as problems in performing daily tasks like forgetting them or having difficulty in focusing on them. The present study is an attempt to investigate the relationship between job burnout and occupation cognitive failures in nurses of educational hospitals. Methods: This descriptive-analytic study was done in 2018 and consisted of nurses from the Ardebil Hospital (n= 2,250). Using the Cochran formula, 328 hospital nurses were selected from different units by simple random sampling method. The data were collected by two professional health experts through interviewing and completing demographic questionnaires, job burnout questionnaire, and occupational cognitive failure questionnaire. Statistical analyses was performed in SPSS19. Results: A total of 328 nurses participated in the study. The mean age of the subjects was 34±8 years, varying from 22 years to 58 years. Occupational cognitive failures increased with the increase in emotional exhaustion and depersonalization; while it decreased with an increase in individual accomplishment. Conclusion: There was a significant relationship between occupational cognitive failure and different dimensions of job burnout. In addition, different dimensions of job burnout (Emotional Exhaustion, Depersonalization, and Personal accomplishment) could be associated with possible errors in information processing (memory, attention, and functioning). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Dissociative Experiences Scale (DES) is a valid self-reported tool to evaluate both non-pathological and pathological dissociative experiences. This study aims at evaluating the psychometric properties of a Persian version of the DES-II on both non-clinical samples and patients with schizophrenia and mood disorders. The back-translated DES-II was administered to 370 individuals being divided into three groups (270 healthy subjects, 50 patients with mood disorders, and 50 patients with schizophrenia) recruited from Shahid Beheshti Hospital of Kerman Medical University. The results showed a good reliability (Cronbach's alpha = 0.95), a very high item-total correlation, and a good internal consistency of 0.892 measured by split half. Moreover, the Persian version of the DES-II questionnaire demonstrated convergent validity of the scale. Analyses of the DES-II subscales revealed significant differences for amnesic experiences, absorption/imaginative involvement, and depersonalization/derealization among healthy individuals, and patients with mood disorders as well as schizophrenia. We also found significant differences among only schizophrenia group but not mood disorders group in comparison with healthy individuals (p value =.0001, and 0.70, respectively), and between patients with schizophrenia and patients with mood disorders (p value =.03) using DES-T. As a conclusion, the Persian version of the DES-II is an appropriate, reliable, and valid tool to screen dissociative experiences and discriminate subcomponents of dissociative disorders in the Iranian population. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Job Burnout (JB) is a multifactorial psycho-cognitive syndrome that leads to physical and psychological problems and declines the efficiency and productivity. Psychological Empowerment (PE) indicates that an individual feels motivated and competent to fulfill work expectations actively. This study assessed the correlation between PE and JB in midwives. Materials and Methods: This cross-sectional correlational study was conducted on 282 midwives working in labor wards of hospitals in Isfahan (Iran). Convenience sampling was used. Psychological Empowerment Questionnaire (PEQ) with four domains (meaning, competence, autonomy, and impact) and Maslach Burnout Inventory (MBI) with three domains (emotional exhaustion, depersonalization, and personal accomplishment) were used. Partial correlation and regression analysis were used to analyze the data. p < 0.05 was considered significant. Results: None of the demographic variables had a significant association with PE and JB. There were no significant correlations between the total scores of PE and three domains of JB. However, personal accomplishment was positively correlated with the domains of meaning and competence (r = 0.16, p = 0.02; r = 0.27, p < 0.001, respectively). Autonomy was the only significant predictive variable for emotional exhaustion and depersonalization, respectively (β =0.17, t235 = 2.34, p = 0.020, β =0.09, t249 = 1.29, p = 0.020); also, competency was the only significant predictive variable for personal accomplishment (β = 0.29, t263 = 4.20, p < 0.001). The domains of PE were significant predictors of variance of JB in personal accomplishment domain (R² = 0.10, F6 = 4.85, p < 0.001). Conclusions: Meaning and competence could be promoted through attendance in continuous training programs to increase personal accomplishment. In addition, it is suggested to promote midwives' authority to decline their emotional exhaustion and depersonalization. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: Stuttering can begin with the experience of traumatic event and the stress it causes. Mind simulation model is one of the promising treatments for stuttering and its associated problems. Aim: This study aimed to investigate the effectiveness of mind simulation model on decreasing dissociative experiences caused by traumatic events in adult with stuttering disorder. Method: This was a quasi-experimental study with a pre-test/ post-test design and a control group. The study population included all stutterers who referred to the Tavanmandsazan-e-Zehn Clinic in 2018-2019. Among them, the number of 30 stuttering 18- 45 years old men who had experienced a traumatic event were selected through available sampling method and put randomly into the experimental and control groups. After measuring basic levels of dissociative experiences of all participants using dissociative experiences scale (Bernstein, 1993), the experimental group received mind simulation therapy, while the control group received no intervention. Finally, both groups completed the post-test. Results: Results of MANCOVA analysis showed that mind simulation model could significantly reduce dissociative experiences (including dissociative amnesia و depersonalization/derealisation, and absorption/imaginative) (p<0.01) in participants whose their stuttering were caused by experiencing traumatic events compared to the control group. Conclusion: Given these findings, it can be claimed that the use of this new method can help the therapists in the effective treatment of stuttering and its associated problems by mind enabling of the patients. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study tested the influence of self-efficacy, school context and self-esteem on job burnout of Iranian Muslim teachers. Job burnout was taken to be composed of three components: emotional exhaustion, depersonalization and personal accomplishment. A sample of 212 secondary school teachers completed a packet of scales that measure self-efficacy, school context, self-esteem and job burnout. The relationships between the variables were examined via path analysis. Path analysis showed self-efficacy to have a significant direct negative effect on depersonalization (β = − 0.25, p < 0.01) and reduced personal accomplishment (β = − 0.31, p < 0.01). School context had a significant direct effect on emotional exhaustion (β = − 0.36, p < 0.01), depersonalization (β = − 0.23, p < 0.01) and reduced personal accomplishment (β = − 0.17, p < 0.01). Self-esteem had a significant direct effect on emotional exhaustion (β = − 0.36, p < 0.01), depersonalization (β = − 0.15, p < 0.01) and reduced personal accomplishment (β = − 0.26, p < 0.01). The proposed model explained 47% of total variance of "emotional exhaustion," 28% of "depersonalization" and 54% of "reduced personal accomplishment." [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Moral distress and workplace bullying are important issues in the nursing workplace that appear to affect nurse's burnout. Aim: To investigate the relationship between moral distress and burnout in Iranian nurses, as mediated by their perceptions of workplace bullying. Ethical considerations: The research was approved by the committee of ethics in research of the Urmia University of Medical Sciences. Method: This is a correlation study using a cross-sectional design with anonymous questionnaires as study instruments (i.e. Moral Distress Scale-Revised, Maslach Burnout Inventory and The Negative Acts Questionnaire-Revised). Data were collected from 278 nurses from five teaching hospitals in Urmia, the capital of Western Azerbaijan, northwest of Iran. Structural equation modeling and bootstrapping procedures were employed to recognize the mediating role of their perceptions of workplace bullying. Results: The mean score of moral distress, burnout, and the Negative Acts Questionnaire-Revised Scale among the participants were 91.02 ± 35.26, 79.9 ± 18.27, and 45.4 ± 15.39, respectively. The results confirmed our hypothesized model. All the latent variables of study were significantly correlated in the predicted directions. The moral distress and bullying were significant predictors of burnout. Perception of bullying partially mediated the relationship between moral distress and burnout. The mediating role of the bullying suggests that moral distress increases burnout, directly and indirectly. Conclusion: Nursing administrators should be conscious of the role of moral distress and bullying in the nursing workplace in increasing burnout. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: Nurses burnout is a serious problem which can affect their health, the quality of patient care, and health institutions. Personality traits affect level of nurse burnout, and burnout characteristics vary depending on nurses' personality traits. The present study assessed burnout levels in order to determine stages of burnout in oncology nurses and to analyze the relationship between burnout and demographic characteristics and personality traits. Methodology: This is a cross-sectional study performed on 106 oncology nurses working in Baghaei Hospital affiliated to Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences in Iran. The main personality traits were assessed using the NEO Five-Factor Inventory (NEO-FFI) and anxiety and depression employing a clinical educational questionnaire. The Maslach Burnout Inventory (MBI) was utilized to determine burnout levels, the t-test to compare the means, and Pearson correlation to evaluate correlations between personality traits and the different dimensions of the MBI. Findings: About 32.1% of the oncology nurses present in this study were in the most severe phase of burnout. Depersonalization and emotional exhaustion had a significant positive correlation with anxiety and depression, whereas personal accomplishment had a negative correlation with anxiety and depression. Conclusion: A significant number of the oncology nurses experienced the most severe stage of burnout. Given the effects of personality traits on burnout dimensions, they should be taken into account to prevent the burnout syndrome. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aims: Research suggests that burnout levels have always been higher in the health-care populations and the nurses were at high risk too. It can increase staff turnover and reduce the quality of care. Hence, this study was performed with the purpose of evaluating the rate of professional burnout in the nurses of Beheshti hospital's staff. Materials and Methods: The study population comprised 230 nurses of the Beheshti hospital of Medical Sciences using sampling in 2014. Maslach Burnout Inventory and staff demographic characteristics questionnaire were used in this study. Data were analyzed using the SPSS software, Pearson's independent, Fisher's exact test, ANOVA, and Chi-square test. Results: Most of the participants were in mild-to-moderate levels of exhaustion. they had mild level until severe in depersonalization, and mild in reduced personal accomplishment. however, burnout was higher in women. Health-care staff nurses had a higher level of job burnout than that of administrative staffs (P < 0.001). Conclusions: The findings suggest the research focused could yield important advances in understanding burnout in this group and yield potential interventions to buffer burnout and its consequences. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: Job burnout is a disorder due to long-term exposure of a person to work-related stress. The aim of this study was to investigate the burnout status of pre-hospital emergency staff in Shahroud city. Methods: This cross-sectional study was carried out on 100 pre-hospital emergency staff in Shahroud, Iran in 1397. The Maslach Burnout Questionnaire was used. For data analysis, descriptive statistics, mean and standard deviation, and independent t-test, Chisquare and Fisher exact tests were used based on the type of variable. The significance level was considered as 0/05. Results: In this study, 100 cases (all were male) were included. The mean age was 30.75±5.55 years. The severity and frequency of emotional exhaustion were low in 95% of subjects. Depersonalization in frequency was high in 45% of the cases and was high in severity in 50% of the subjects. Personality satisfaction was moderate in frequency in 40% of the cases and was low in severity in 65 percent. Conclusion: The results of this study showed that prehospital emergency staff had mild degrees of severity and frequency of emotional exhaustion and moderate degrees of severity and frequency of personal adequacy and sever feeling of personality deprivation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: The challenging and stressful nature of emergency medicine place the practitioners of this young branch of medicine at risk of burnout. In Iran, the number of women choosing the specialty of emergency medicine has been increasing in recent years. No studies have focused on burnout among female emergency medicine physicians. We conducted this study to evaluate the level of burnout in female emergency medicine physicians in Iran. Methods: In this cross-sectional study, all Iranian female emergency medicine physicians with more than 2 years of work experience as specialists, received a questionnaire containing 22-item Maslach Burnout Inventory scales and 7-item Cassidy social support scale, as well as questions about workload and career satisfaction. Results: In total, 77 questionnaires were analysed (response rate: 75%; median age: 36 years, median for work experience = 3 years). A total of 34% of participants were academic faculties. The level of burnout in three subscales of emotional exhaustion, depersonalisation and perceived low personal accomplishment was moderate to high in 84.5, 48.1 and 80.5% of participants respectively. A total of 94.8% of female emergency medicine physicians perceived their workload to be moderate to high and only 1.3% of them had high job satisfaction. Conclusions: Alarming high rate of burnout and job dissatisfaction among female emergency medicine physicians in our study requires careful attention. Further investigations are suggested to identify the contributory factors to burnout and the probability of some gender disparities in this field. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study aims to investigate the prevalence of deliberate self-harm and its relationships to childhood and recent trauma and different patterns of dissociative features. A total of 100 male and 100 female college students were administered a 58-item questionnaire designed to detect the extent of dissociation, deliberate self-harm, and trauma history. Participants with deliberate self-harm behaviors reported more traumatic experiences and dissociative features than participants without such behaviors. Furthermore, the prevalence of deliberate self-harm (i.e., 40.5%) was similar to previous studies on college student populations. However, and contrary to earlier research, deliberate self-harm was significantly more prevalent among men (48%) than women (33%). The findings support the notion that trauma, pathological dissociation, and depersonalization/derealization play important functional roles in self-harm behaviors. From this perspective, it is feasible to understand individuals who engage in self-harm as either escaping from uncomfortable dissociative states or experiencing an infra-psychological conflict in which one dissociative part of the self is being abusive toward another. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]

Introduction: Dentists are prone to occupational burnout due to the nature of their stressful profession. The aim of this study was to determine the level of occupational burnout among dentists in Isfahan in 2013. Materials & Methods: In this descriptive cross-sectional study, 300 dentists working in Isfahan were recruited by simple random sampling. The Persian version of Maslach Burnout Questionnaire was used for data collection; the validity and reliability of the questionnaire have been confirmed. The questions of the questionnaire are in three sections of emotional exhaustion (9 items), depersonalization (5 items), and a sense of personal accomplishment failure (8 questions). Data were analyzed with descriptive statistics, chi-squared test, t-test and ANOVA, using SPSS 18 (α=0.05). Results: The mean scores of frequency and severity of burnout among dentists were 36.6±20.3 (range: 0‒132) and 75.5±16.2 (range: 0‒154), respectively. In subdomains the mean scores of emotional exhaustion, depersonalization and personal feeling of accomplishment failure among dentists were 20.1±12.2 (range: 0‒63), 3.7±4.2 (range: 0‒35) and 14.7±9.1 (range: 0‒54), respectively. The frequencies and intensity of emotional exhaustion and depersonalization were higher in males (p value < 0.05). In addition, the frequency of a feeling of personal accomplishment failure was higher in unmarried subjects (p value = 0.02). The frequencies of depersonalization and a feeling of personal accomplishment failure were higher in young dentists (p value < 0.05). Conclusion: Based on the results, occupational burnout among dentists in Isfahan was low in frequency and intensity. Females, the married and subjects with more experience exhibited less occupational burnout. Further studies are suggested for detecting effective factors and the extent of their effects. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: Job stress has become one of the main factors in reducing efficiency and the loss of human resources that may cause physical and psychological adverse effects in employees. Hospital personnel are facing different stressful events, such as birth, pain and death, in a single day. Hence, identifying the job stress rates and related factors may be effective in offering proper strategies. Therefore, the present research was done to study the rate of job stress and burnout in hospital personnel and compare some of the related factors in hospitals personnel of Yazd, Iran. Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted on 306 hospital personnel (Male: 114, Female: 192) in Yazd in 2015-16. The data were collected using a demographic questionnaire, Maslach Burnout Inventory (MBI), and Hospital Stress (HSS-35). SPSS-16 software and Pearson-product moment correlation and independent-samples t-test were used for data analysis. Results: The mean job stress score was above average. The mean burnout dimensions that were above average included emotional exhaustion (21.7 ± 7.27), depersonalization (9.61 ± 3.74) and personal accomplishment (26.80 ± 6.17). While Pearson correlation revealed a significant positive relationship between job stress, emotional exhaustion, and depersonalization, there was a negative relationship between job stress and personal accomplishment (p < 0.01). Independent-samples t-test results showed that the rate of job stress, emotional exhaustion, and depersonalization in males is higher than females, married people have more emotional exhaustion than single ones, and, finally, health staff have more job stress than administrative staff. At the same time, the administrative staff and females have better personal accomplishment than other groups (p < 0.05). Conclusion: Since the rate of job stress in hospital personnel is worrying and it has adverse effects on personnel health, effective strategies on physical and mental health, such as employment support and stress management training, seem crucial to enhance physical and psychological health of hospital personnel. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

BACKGROUND: Physicians experience high level of occupational burnout that exposes them to physical and mental exhaustion as well as job dissatisfaction. OBJECTIVE: The association between different types of personality traits and occupational burnout among a group of Iranian general practitioners is assessed. METHODS: One hundred general practitioners working in emergency wards of eight hospitals in Iran were studied. Occupational burnout was measured using the Maslach Burnout Inventory and type of personality was assessed using the Holland personality test. RESULTS: An average of 15.4% of personnel displayed high frequency in subscale of emotional exhaustion, 14.5% displayed high frequency in subscale of depersonalization, and 10.2% displayed high frequency in subscale of lack of personal accomplishment. Realistic personality was revealed in 2%, social types in 41%, investigative type in 35%, enterprising types in 6.0%, artistic type in 13% and conventional type of personality in 3.0% of them. The subjects with social personality experienced the lowest burnout. There were negative correlation between physician experiences and different subdivisions of burnout. CONCLUSION: A notable number of Iranian general practitioners suffered occupational burnout, especially emotional exhaustion. The majority of physicians had social or investigative personalities. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Teacher burnout is an important phenomenon that affects the education system and society as a whole. Assessment represents a form of stress for teachers, and this study explores the association between teachers’ assessment-related beliefs and their burnout level. To this end, the Teachers’ Conceptions of Assessment (TCoA) inventory along with the Maslach Burnout Inventory were administered to a sample of Iranian teachers of English language. Multiple correspondence analysis and multiple regression analysis were employed for data analysis. The results reveal a significant relationship between TCoA and the three dimensions of burnout (emotional exhaustion, depersonalisation and reduced personal accomplishment). It is similarly found that conceiving of assessment as irrelevant to the life and work of teachers and learners is the best predictor of Depersonalisation and Personal Accomplishment, whereas Student Accountability is the best predictor of Emotional Exhaustion. Finally, the results are discussed and implications are provided in the context of education. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]

Background: Burnout syndrome as a serious occupational disorder has recently been focused by researchers. Three main dimensions of burnout syndrome are emotional exhaustion, depersonalization and reduced personal accomplishment. This syndrome leads to physiological and psychological stresses and diminishes the staff interest and work efficiency. This study was designed to assess the correlation between burnout syndrome dimensions and demographic characteristics of cashiers in state banks of Kashan in 2010. Materials and Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted on 156 cashiers in sate banks of Kashan. Frequency and severity of burnout syndrome were evaluated using Maslach burnout inventory (MBI). Demographic characteristics of subjects were collected through a specific questionnaire. Data were analyzed using chi-square test. Results: In frequency twenty-seven (17.3%) and in severity 12 (7.7%) of subjects showed the most emotional exhaustion. The most reduced personal accomplishment was in frequency in 24 (15.4%) and in severity in 27 (17.3%) participants. Also the most depersonalization was in 21 (13.5%) and in 14 (9%) subjects in frequency and in severity, respectively. There was a significant relationship between age, gender, work records and marital status with emotional exhaustion and reduced personal accomplishment of banks' cashiers. Conclusion: Emotional exhaustion and reduced personal accomplishment have a significant relationship with demographic characteristics. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: The major objective of current study is to assess the level of job burnout among librarians of public libraries in the city of Ardabil in Iran and to exposure the relationship demographic difference and the level of occupational burnout. All librarians working in the public libraries of Ardabil were requested to complete the Maslach Burnout Inventory (MBI), Design: The questionnaire of Maslach Burnout Inventory (MBI) was administered among all librarians working in the public libraries of Ardabil city in Ardabil province of Iran. Participants: All 51 librarians working in the public libraries of Ardabil were taken into consideration in the study. The response rate was 100%. Results: A total number of 51 librarians returned the fulfilled questionnaires (response rate, 100%). Analysis of data showed that the librarians experienced low level of emotional exhaustion and moderate levels of depersonalization and personal accomplishment. Regarding to the background characteristic the findings indicated that there is no relation among age, occupied duration as well as the level of education, but there was significance correlation between marital status and the level of job burnout. Conclusions: The study indicated that at least a low level of emotional exhaustion was relatively common among public librarians in Ardabil city of Iran. There was difference level of occupation burnout between men and women; the level of job burnout among married women was higher than the married men. This pheromone seems to be due bidimensional responsibility of women in house and in office. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]