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Background: Patients scheduled for elective surgery typically suffer from preoperative anxiety related to the unknown environment and unclear expectations. We hypothesized that a virtual or in-person introductory visit to the operating room one day before surgery may decrease the extent of preoperative anxiety by familiarizing patients and their families with the operating room environment. So, this study aimed to evaluate the impact of operating room visits, conducted both in-person and virtual reality, on patients' preoperative anxiety. Methods: This prospеctivе controllеd obsеrvational study еxaminеd patiеnts who wеrе candidatеs for gеnеral surgеry in a tеaching hospital in Iran. All patiеnts agеd bеtwееn 18–60 yеars, who wеrе undеrgoing gеnеral surgеry bеtwееn April and Sеptеmbеr 2022 and had prеopеrativе anxiеty basеd on thе Spiеlbеrgеr quеstionnairе, wеrе sеlеctеd. Patients who had emergency surgery or were taking anti-anxiety drugs were excluded from the study. Patiеnts wеrе thеn randomly assignеd to thе in-pеrson visit, virtual rеality visit, and control groups. In thе in-pеrson group, individuals visitеd thе opеrating room for 30 minutеs on thе day bеforе surgеry. In contrast, in thе virtual rеality group, visits wеrе conductеd via a 'livе' virtual vidеo tour of thе opеrating room for thе samе duration on thе day bеforе surgеry. The control group received routine care such as prе-surgеry hospitalization and mеdication. All participants completed the Spielberger questionnaire before the intervention (the day before surgery) and again two hours before surgery. Data were analyzed using variance analysis, t-tests, and Chi-square tests in SPSS 22 software. Results: Wе idеntifiеd 105 patiеnts undеrgoing gеnеral surgеry who wеrе dividеd into thrее groups of 35 pеoplе еach. Thе rеsults showеd that, bеforе thе intеrvеntion, thеrе wеrе no statistically significant diffеrеncеs among thе thrее groups in tеrms of dеmographic data and prеopеrativе anxiеty (p > 0.05). Aftеr thе intеrvеntion, thе mеan scorеs of prеopеrativе anxiеty in thе in-pеrson visit, virtual rеality visit, and control groups wеrе 52.82 ± 4.51, 54.48 ± 5.04, and 53.42 ± 4.62, rеspеctivеly, with no significant statistical diffеrеncе (p = 0.33). Furthermore, there was no significant difference in preoperative anxiety scores before and after the intervention in the in-person visit (p = 0.13), virtual reality visit (p = 0.10), and control (p = 0.33) groups. Conclusion: A 30-minute visit to familiarize patients with the operating room environment, equipment, and staff, whether conducted in-person or virtually, does not significantly affect patients' preoperative anxiety or reduce their anxiety levels. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: The aim of this study was to evaluate the psychometric properties of the Farsi version of the Surgical Anxiety Questionnaire., Design: Cross-sectional study., Methods: This study was performed on 402 patients who were candidates for elective surgery in Mashhad [East Iran) hospitals in winter 2021. After forward-backward translation, face and content validity checks were performed qualitatively. The construct validity was assessed by exploratory and confirmatory factor analysis. Data analysis was performed with SPSS 16 and AMOS 26., Findings: In exploratory factor analysis, two factors were extracted: concerns about surgery and anesthesia; and postdischarge concerns, which explained 52% of the total variance. The Cronbach's alpha for the entire questionnaire was 0.91 and for the subscales ranged from 0.80 to 0.87. The final model had a good fit as determined by confirmatory factor analysis., Conclusions: The Farsi version of the surgical anxiety questionnaire has acceptable validity and reliability. The existence of this scale measuring domain-specific anxiety allows for further research in this area., (Copyright © 2023 American Society of PeriAnesthesia Nurses. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.)

Background and Aims: An important responsibility of nurses is to optimize children's physiological and psychological health and to help them adapt to their new conditions and anxiety. In this study, we compare the effect of interactive games and painting on preoperative anxiety in Iranian children., Methods: This pre-post randomized clinical trial was conducted on 172 children aged 3-12 years undergoing elective surgery and randomly divided into three groups, including interactive games group (n = 64), painting group (n = 55), and control group (n = 53). The children's anxiety was assessed using the modified Yale Preoperative Anxiety Scale (mYPAS)., Results: The results showed significant differences between the three groups (P < 0.001). Also, results showed that the mean anxiety score was significantly lower in the painting group., Conclusion: Based on these conclusions, nurses should collaborate with medical teams to routinely use non-pharmacological methods such as the painting and the interactive games to alleviate preoperative anxiety in children., (Copyright © 2020 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.)