Search

The purpose of this study is to determine the dimensions of smart schools in the Fars education system and provide a suitable model. The research method is descriptive survey. The study population consisted of all school principals Fars Province in the academic 2014-2015 and number of them was 1364. The sample volume using Cochran method was 302 people, which was chosen by cluster. In order to achieve the objectives of the study, beginning with a review of literature and research in Iran and world history questionnaire has 4 dimensions (infrastructure, human resources, process of teaching-learning, management) and 12 elements (hardware, software, physical, administrators, teachers, students, parents, curriculum, teaching methods, content, support, evaluation) and consists of 83 items based on Likert scale was adjusted. The validity of based on (judicial authorities, supervisors and advisors) and reliability through Cronbach's alpha was calculated 0.98. After the distribution and questionnaires, data using statistical indicators and the percentage distribution, confirmatory factor analysis and structural equation modeling at 95% with SPSS 21 software and LISREL 8.8 were analyzed. Findings showed that all aspects have been confirmed and significantly (P<0.05) are above average. In all cases, the load factor smart component of education indicators are approved. In dimensions of infrastructure, human resources, process of teaching-learning and management factor loadings are 0.88, 0.43, 0.85 and 0.83, respectively. Selected references valid and dimensions of these smart to have a good education with a view to confirming the standard model coefficients derived by fitting indicators to measure structural equation modeling.

The focus of education has changed from teacher-directed to learner-oriented instruction in previous years. Majority of studies in the field of EFL/ESL learning involves issues relevant to learners and their individual differences. Therefore, the present study focused on some of these individual variables; namely self-efficacy and language learning strategies. This study aimed at exploring the relationship between EFL learner's self-efficacy and language learning strategy use. Also, frequently language learning strategies by EFL learners and the existence of a significant difference in their self-efficacy beliefs and strategy use due to gender and years of English study are investigated. A group of 130 first year university students consented to participate in the present study. The results of statistical analyses indicated that there was no relationship between self-efficacy and language learning strategy use. Moreover, metacognitive strategies are frequently used language learning strategies by EFL learners. In addition, there were no significant differences in both self-efficacy and strategy use due to gender. But, there were significant differences in self-efficacy beliefs and only in metacognitive strategies due to years of English study.

Background & Objective: Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is a systemic autoimmune disease affecting 20–50 per 100,000 people. This study aimed to assess the relationship between ultrasound indices and pathological and laboratory parameters in patients with lupus nephritis (LN). Materials & Methods: This cross-sectional, descriptive-diagnostic study was conducted on 32 patients and 32 healthy individuals. Sonographic indices, renal biopsy results, and laboratory parameters were assessed. A Receiver Operating Characteristic (ROC) curve was used to predict sensitivity and specificity. P-value <0.05 was considered significant. Results: The mean GFR and anti-dsDNA levels in patients were 77.4±30.2 ml/min/1.73m² and 2.8±4.4 IU/ml, respectively. Abnormal C3, abnormal C4, and positive aPL were observed in 17 (60.7%), 9 (32.1%), and 8 (28.5%) patients, respectively. In terms of biopsy classification, most patients were in class II (32.1%). The mean biopsy activity index (bxAI) and biopsy chronicity index (bxCI) were 12.11±7.8 and 4.39±3.60, respectively. There was no significant association between the resistive index (RI) and pathological or laboratory parameters (P>0.05). However, a significant association was found between peak systolic velocity (PSV) and end-diastolic velocity (EDV) with GFR, and a negative association between PSV and EDV with aPL and bxCI in patients with LN(P<0.05). The sensitivity and specificity of the anti-dsDNA test for detecting bxCI using a cut-off value of 0.245 were 84% and 96%, respectively (area under the ROC curve = 0.92). Conclusion: This study found no association between RI and pathological or laboratory parameters. However, there was a negative association between PSV and EDV with the degree of chronic kidney damage in patients with LN. Anti-dsDNA appears to be a useful predictor of long-term renal outcomes in these patients. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: Multiple Sclerosis (MS) can negatively affect patients' work, education, family, and social and economic activities. Unemployment is a social problem leading to many negative consequences for patients with MS. Therefore, this study aimed to explore lived experiences of MS patients regarding their Return to Work (RTW). Methods: This qualitative study was conducted in Urmia MS Association in Iran. Twelve patients with MS were selected through purposive sampling. Data were collected from July 2019 to March 2020 using semi-structured face-to-face interviews. Data were analyzed using the interpretative phenomenological approach suggested by Dickelman, Allen, and Tanner. Results: Data analysis led to the development of four main themes of "interactive patterns," "supportive system," "challenges," and "stability/volatility." The theme of "interactive patterns" was supported by two sub-themes of " social interaction " and "Social stigma." Four sub-themes of "family support," "workplace support," "MS Association support," and "professional support" formed the theme of "supportive system." The theme of "challenges" was supported by two sub-themes of "individual problems" and "social constraints." The theme of "stability-volatility" was made up of two sub-themes of " adaptative and compatible behaviors " and " non-adaptive and incompatible behaviors." Conclusion: Patients with MS encounter challenges that can have devastating mental, social, and financial health consequences. Meanwhile, healthcare professionals should provide patients with emotional and educational support to help them cope with a changed outlook on life. Employers and policymakers should take practical steps to maintain the employment of these patients for a more extended period to help them better manage their cost of living and treatment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article discusses the current events unfolding in Iran and emphasizes the need for unity among Iranian migrants in their efforts to bring about positive change in their homeland. It explores the campaign to grant the power of attorney to politician Reza Pahlavi, highlighting its support and opposition. The article stresses the importance of political representation and clarifies that the delegation of power is temporary and aimed at advancing the Iranian people's demands internationally.

It is essential to study CO2 emissions intensity as the most critical factor affecting temperature increase and climate change in a country like Iran, which ranked seven regarding CO2 emissions intensity. Investigating the convergence of CO2 emissions intensity is essential in recognizing its dynamics in identifying the effectiveness of government environmental policies. In this paper, using the Markov chain and spatial Markov chain methods, the convergence of CO2 emissions intensity from fossil-fuel consumption has been investigated in 28 provinces of Iran from 2002 to 2016. The empirical results showed that convergence clubs and neighbors significantly influenced the transition probability of regions to clubs with high and low CO2 emissions. Therefore, if a province had a neighbor with low (high) CO2 emissions intensity, the transition probability of this province to the club with low (high) CO2 intensity increased. Therefore, in provinces that have neighbors with low (high) CO2 emissions intensity, the transition probability to the club with low (high) CO2 intensity increases. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Cytotoxic T-lymphocyte-associated protein 4 (CTLA-4), which suppresses T cell proliferation, is a promising candidate for the susceptibility genes to rheumatic arthritis diseases (RA). This study aims to examine the association between the polymorphisms of the CTLA-4 exon 1(+ 49) genes with RA in the Qazvin city of Iran population. The polymerase chain reaction of genomic DNA-restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR-RFLP) was applied to genotype the CTLA-4 exon 1(+ 49) polymorphisms in 105 RA patients and 90 control subjects. Laboratory diagnostic tests were also measured for RA and control groups. Our results did not demonstrate a significant difference in allele and genotype frequencies of the CTLA-4 exon 1(+ 49) between RA patients and the control group (p <.0001). There was no significant difference in age at onset, CRP, RF value in patients with RA according to the CTLA-4 polymorphisms; just anti-CCP showed a significant difference. Our data declared that polymorphisms of CTLA-4 exon 1(+ 49) genes are not correlated with RA susceptibility and its clinical and paraclinical manifestations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: Present in-vitro study aimed to evaluate the apical leakage of different bioceramic retrofilling materials with and without smear layer.Materials and Methods: : Sixty human single-rooted teeth were decoronated at a standardized root length of 13 mm, chemo-mechanically prepared and obturated. After obturation, root-end resection was done and root-end cavities were prepared using ultrasonic tips. The specimens with prepared retro cavities were randomly assigned into 2 groups (n = 30) based on the smear layer removal protocol used. Each group was further subdivided into 3 subgroups (n = 10) based on the bioceramic retrofilling material MTA (Mineral Trioxide Aggregate; Proroot Dentsply/Tulsa), CEM (Calcium-Enriched Mixture; Bionique Dent, Tehran) and ERRM (EndoSequence® Root Repair Material; Brasseler USA, Savannah, GA). The extension of dye (2% Rhodamine B) penetration was measured in millimetre using a stereomicroscope at 10× zoom. Results were statistically analysed using one-way ANOVA (analysis of variance) test and unpaired Student's t test.Results: In the presence of smear layer, MTA demonstrated maximum mean apical leakage value (1.70 ± 0.30), followed by CEM (1.40 ± 0.37) and ERRM (1.40 ± 0.23), which was statistically not significant. Without the smear layer, ERRM demonstrated the least mean apical leakage value, which was statistically significant as compared with CEM (P <.05) and MTA (P <.01).Conclusion(s): : All bioceramic retrofilling materials demonstrated apical leakage irrespective of the presence or absence of the smear layer. The presence of a smear layer is beneficial for the sealing ability of MTA and CEM, whereas, the absence of the smear layer is advocated while using ERRM. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The use of wastewater for irrigation usually leads to the buildup of potentially toxic elements (PTEs) in soils. The objective of this study was to assess the capacity of Salicornia europaea L. to uptake heavy metal when irrigated with wastewater at the vegetative, flowering, and reproductive stages of S. europaea for 2 and 4 days (in each stage) in the coastal saline area of Lake Urmia. The concentrations of heavy metals were detected in irrigated water, soil, and plant samples, while transfer factor (TF), bioconcentration factor (BCF), and bioaccumulation factor (BAF) were calculated. The results revealed that metal concentrations in the wastewater were above the permissible limits. The wastewater irrigation caused higher shoot biomass despite the high uptake of PTEs. Levels of Fe and Cu in plants were higher when irrigated with wastewater at the reproductive stage as compared to flowering and vegetative stages. The TF of wastewater-irrigated plants was higher at the flowering stage. TF of different metals at the flowering stage were in order of Zn > Pb > Ni > Cd > Cu, while the BCF increased in the order Cd > Cu > Zn > Ni > Pb. The BAF of the investigated PTEs at the flowering stage increased in the order Cd > Pb > Ni > Zn > Cu. In conclusion, higher Pb and Zn in the shoot indicated that the plant exhibited the phytoextraction mechanism, while Salicornia used a phytostabilization mechanism for roots-Cu, Ni, and Cd. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: Public stigma is one of the important consequences of living with diabetes. The present study aimed to compare and assess diabetes-related public stigma and diabetes knowledge of first and seventh-semester undergraduate students. Materials and Methods: In this cross-sectional descriptive-analytical study, first and seventh- semester undergraduate students of Shahrekord University of Medical Sciences in the first semester of 209 were selected by random sampling. All volunteered students who returned the study consent form completed three questionnaires, including demographic characteristics, diabetes-related public stigma, and diabetes knowledge. A number of 16 experts assessed the face and content validity of questionnaires after translation and back translation. Content validity ratio was estimated at 0.64 for both questionnaires, while content validity indices of 0.87, and 0.88 were calculated for diabetes knowledge and diabetes-related public stigma, respectively. The results were analyzed in SPSS statistical software (version 24). Results: A total of 106 first-semester students participated in the study, the majority of whom (64.2%) were female. Moreover, 106 seventh-semester students participated in the study, the majority of whom (67.9%) were female. The mean scores of knowledge and stigma in first semester students were obtained at 11.23 (0.36) and 8.19 (0.53), respectively, and in seventh-semester students, these scores were reported as 13.97 (0.42) and 8.83 (0.56), respectively. Conclusion: As evidenced by the obtained results, seventh-semester students scored higher in the diabetes knowledge questionnaire, as compared to first-semester students. Nevertheless, the public stigma scores of the two groups were not significantly different. These findings suggested that knowledge improvements alone cannot contribute to stigma changes, and multidimensional interventions may be needed to overcome diabetes-related stigma. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study investigates length-mass relationships for 17 families of freshwater macroinvertebrates collected in the Choghakhor Wetland (Central Iran). Body length, head width, distance between eyes and mass (dry weight and wet weight) were used to estimate biomass with linear, log-linear and exponential models. The results show better performance of the log-linear model (ANOVA, p = 0.03), as compared to the other two (ANOVA, p > 0.05). A cross-validation test demonstrated that all three models performed reasonably well, in terms of both statistics and the accuracy of prediction. However, for more than 60% of the relationships the p value for the log-linear model was greater than for the other two, suggesting that the accuracy of this model is in general superior. Body length was generally demonstrated to be a good indicator to estimate biomass. However, for some taxa, the measurement of sclerotized structures (i.e., the distance between the eyes and the head width) were also found to be suitable biomass indicators. The latter is beneficial for the estimation of biomass with individuals that have been kept for a long time under laboratory conditions and/or those that show damaged parts of their bodies. The present study provides the first set of length-mass relationships for macroinvertebrates in the Middle-East region, and its findings are expected to contribute to the estimation of biomass in aquatic environments that are affected by semi-arid conditions and different degrees of anthropogenic stress. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The damage caused by the tomato leaf miner Tuta absoluta (Meyrick) (Lepidoptera: Gelechiidae) to 12 tomato cultivars was investigated under greenhouse conditions. The 2 cultivars Korral and CH Falat experienced lower damage in terms of all parameters investigated, whereas the cultivars Valouro and Cal JN3 were categorized as the most susceptible host plants. The larvae feeding on CH Falat and Korral cultivars reached the lowest final weight (1.82 and 1.93 mg, respectively), whereas those reared on the Valouro and Cal JN3 cultivars reached the highest body weight (3.42 and 3.33 mg, respectively). The highest proteolytic and amylolytic activity was detected in larvae feeding on the Korral cultivar, whereas larvae reared on the Valouro cultivar had the lowest enzyme activity for both third and fourth instar larvae. Altogether, the Korral and CH Falat cultivars were classified as relatively resistant cultivars, whereas the 2 cultivars Valouro and Cal JN3 were categorized as highly susceptible to infection by T. absoluta. Therefore, the resistant cultivars can be considered as candidates for use in integrated management programs of the tomato leaf miner in Iran. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article offers information on woman's right in Iran and concerning provisions in the Iranian Constitution. Topics discusses include discrimination against women, highlights the human rights of married Iranian women such as freedom of movement and marital sexual rights; and establishment of unequal system of divorce by Iranian legal & judicial system.

BACKGROUND In some studies inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) and celiac disease were considered to be associated and some believe that this association may influence the prognosis of IBD. However, there is a considerable controversy regarding this association. Therefore,we aimed to assess the association of these two common digestive diseases and evaluate the complications of this association. METHODS In this comparative study, 200 patients with ulceritive colitis (UC) and 206 patients with Crohn's disease (CD) were evaluated for celiac disease using relevant diagnostic tests and pathologic studies. Total IgA, IgA tissue transgulaminase antibody and specific IgA anti endomysial antibody were asseyed. In cases of IgA deficiency, total IgG and IgG tissue TG and IgG anti endomyseal Ab were measured. Patients with increased specific IgA and IgG antibodies for celiac disease, underwent endoscopy and 4 standard samples were obtained. Our results were compared with the results of the prevalence study of celiac disease in the general population. Data were analyzed using analytic and descriptive statistics at a significance level of 5%. RESULTS Among the studied patients, 1 patient with UC had elevated IgA anti tTG antibody and IgA anti-endomysial antibody who underwent endoscopy and celiac was confirmed on pathology. Hence, of the 200 patients with UC, the diagnosis of celiac disease was confirmed in 1 patient (1:200) with no significant difference with the prevalence of celiac disease in the general population (1:166). However, none of our patients with Crohn's disease had celiac disease (0:206). CONCLUSION We found no significant difference in the prevalence of celiac disease between patients with UC and the general population. Since most of our participants had a mild level of Crohn's activation, none of those with Crohn's disease had celiac disease. Complications of IBD including sclerosing cholangitis, may be more common in patients with concurrent celiac disease. Therefore, it is recommended that celiac disease be considered in patients with severe and complicated IBD. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever (CCHF) is endemic in southeast Iran. In this study we present the epidemiological features of CCHF and its relationship with climate factors in over a 13-year span. Methodology: Surveillance system data of CCHF from 2000 to 2012 were obtained from the Province Health Centre of Zahedan University of Medical Sciences in southeast Iran. The climate data were obtained from the climate organization. The seasonal auto-regression integrated moving average (SARIMA) model was used for time series analysis to produce a model as applicable as possible in predicting the variations in the occurrence of the disease. Results: Between 2000 and 2012, 647 confirmed CCHF cases were reported from Sistan-va-Baluchistan province. The total case fatality rate was about 10.0%. Climate variables including mean temperature (°C), accumulated rainfall (mm), and maximum relative humidity (%) were significantly correlated with monthly incidence of CCHF (p <0.05). There was no clear pattern of decline in the reported number of cases within the study ' s time span. The first spike in the number of CCHF cases in Iran occurred after the first surge of the disease in Pakistan. Conclusions: This study shows the potential of climate indicators as predictive factors in modeling the occurrence of CCHF, even though it has to be appreciated whether there is any need for a practically applicable model. There are also other factors, such as entomological indicators and virological finding that must be considered. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Pleural tuberculosis occurs in 4% of newly diagnosed cases of tuberculosis. T-cells have an important role on the immunity against mycobacterial infections and as a result, the level of soluble interleukin 2 receptors (SIL-2R) as a marker of T-cell activation is elevated in patients with tuberculous pleural effusion. Materials and Methods: In this cross sectional study, the diagnostic accuracy of SIL-2R level was assessed in separating tuberculous from non- tuberculous effusions in Zahedan, Iran. From 112 patients fulfilled entrance criteria for exudative pleural effusion, 88 patients were included and underwent diagnostic procedures to identify the origin of pleural effusion. The SIL-2R was evaluated at various cut-off levels by nonparametric receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve, and values affording greatest diagnostic accuracy were selected. Results: SIL-2R level in TB group was 9147±3573 while this level in non-TB group was 2724±1326 and the difference was statistically significant (p=0.001). The cut-off point in our study was 4200 U/ml and the area under curve was 0.930 with 95% CI: 0.881-0.979 (p=0.001). The sensitivity and specificity for this level is 86 and 89%. Conclusion: Several factors lead to the variation in the level and cut-off point of SIL-2R in different regions. Our cut-off point was lower than other studies. The level of SIL-2R in patients with tuberculosis is significantly higher than parapneumonic effusions. We suggest that measuring the SIL-2R level in pleural fluid of tuberculous patients is a useful diagnostic tool in diagnosing tuberculous pleural effusion. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: The purpose of the present study was to discuss some new concepts of the desirable characteristics of smile tooth display. Due to the increasing application of cosmetic dental treatments, there is an increasing need for better understanding of the esthetic principles. Materials and Methods: In the present descriptive study, with 212 participants, included were patients with no history of orthodontic treatment, loss or prosthetic replacement of anterior teeth, extracted teeth, lips with asymmetry or a history of trauma. Chi-square test was used to determine possible significances in the relation of smile line to Angle occlusion class, overbite and overjet and arch form. A P level of <0.05 was set as to be significant. Results: Chi-square test indicated that there was a significant difference between the smile design and overbite, overjet and gender but no statistically significant association was found between the smile design and crossbite, molar Angle classification and arch form. Conclusion: Within the limitations of such studies, it might be concluded that there is a significant and important relation between some occlusal parameters and smile design, which must be considered. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

An article is presented that reports on the use of information and communication technology (ICT) among higher school teachers in Isfahan, Iran. Isfahan teachers were randomly selected and proportioned based on teaching experience and background to examine their use of computers and applications such as Microsoft PowerPoint and Excel programs. The article also discusses internet communication, the role of technology in student learning, and technology training for curriculum design and syllabus planning.

Background: Cutaneous Leishmaniasis is endemic in plenty of Iranian provinces. This study aimed to determine the epidemiological status of the cutaneous Leishmaniasis outbreak, isolation and identification of the parasite using a PCR method in burden rural areas of Gonbad-e-Qabus County, north Iran. Methods: Data was collected on the prevalence of scars and ulcers over a period of three months among 6990 inhabitants of five villages around Gonbad-e-Qabus county, north Iran, during 2006-2007. Cultured promastigotes were identified using PCR technique. ITS1 and ITS2 of Non Coding Transcribed region at ribosomal DNA of 46 Leishmania isolates were amplified and the PCR products were separated by electrophoresis in 1.5% agarose gel (200 mA, 140 V), visualized by staining with ethidium bromide, and photographed. To confirm the PCR findings, six Leishmanis isolates were injected individually into two BALB/c mice. Results: Among 6990 inhabitants of the five villages, 62.9% had scars and 0.5% had active lesions. The most highly infected age group was 0-10 years and nobody was infected in individuals more than fifty years of age. Individuals 11 to 20 years of age were the most highly infected age group. The results showed that from 46 isolates, all (100%) were L. major in comparison to reference strains and all of them could produce ulcer at the base tail of BALB/c mice, 4-12 weeks after inoculation. Conclusions: According to this study, cutaneous Leishmaniasis due to Leishmania major is endemic in Gonbad-e-Qabus county, north Iran. The results were confirmed by active lesions induced in BALB/c mice. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: To evaluate the spectrum of organisms causing endophthalmitis and their resistance pattern to standard antimicrobial agents. Materials and Methods: Medical records of culture positive eyes treated at Rassoul Akram Hospital for endophthalmitis during the past 5 years were reviewed. Specimens were obtained during pars plana vitrectomy or vitreous tap. Results: Sixty-five isolates including 36 (55.4%) gram-positive organisms, 28 gram-negative organisms (43.1%), and 1 (1.5%) fungus were studied. The most common organism identified was Coagulase-negative staphylococcus in 16 eyes (24.6%). Among the antibiotics available for intravitreal injection, the least antibiotic resistance was for vancomycin in gram-positive organisms and amikacin and ceftazidime in gram-negative isolates. Conclusions: Gram-positive isolates were the most prevalent organisms; however, a high isolation rate for gram-negative organisms was obtained. Considering that no single antibiotic provides coverage for all of the organisms, a combination therapy using vancomycin/amikacin or vancomycin/ceftazidime seems to be useful as the initial empiric treatment of suspected bacterial endophthalmitis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article presents the profile of Late Habib Elghanayan of Iran. His profile includes information on as a Iranian Jewish businessman and a self- made multi-millionaire and philanthropist, contribution to the economic development of Iran, the president of the Tehran Jewish Society, and symbolic head of the Iranian Jewish community in the 1970s. It mentions he was the first Jew and businessman sentenced to death by the Islamic revolutionary tribunal following the Islamic revolution.

Abstract: Our data on 114 Iranian individuals with thalassemia intermedia phenotype revealed homozygous or compound heterozygous beta-globin mutations to be the predominant disease factor in 86.2% of cases. However, 8.2% of these individuals were found to be heterozygous or wild type for beta-globin mutations. In search for determinants outside of the beta-globin gene, which could be responsible for the unexpected thalassemia intermedia phenotype in these subjects, we screened the alpha-globin genes, the 5′HS3 and 5′HS4 regions of the beta-globin LCR, and the NF-E2 transcription factor for sequence variations in selected individuals. The -3.7 deletion was the only alpha-globin mutation detected, and no alterations were found in 5′HS3 and NF-E2. Sequence analysis of the 5′HS4 LCR core region identified three known SNPs in a single patient, who required irregular blood transfusions. The A/G polymorphism in the 5′HS4 palindromic region was also observed to be variable. Family studies were carried out on a female G/G homozygous patient, who received irregular blood transfusions. Her father, who had the same heterozygous IVSII-1 beta-globin mutation but the A/G genotype at the 5′HS4 palindromic site, presented with mild anemia and no requirement for blood transfusions. This suggests an impact of SNPs in the 5′HS4 LCR core region on the thalassemia phenotype and offers an interesting subject for further investigations in the Iranian population. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

The Arasbaran Protected Area is an important but little studied nature reserve in NW Iran. In the past habitat heterogeneity and biodiversity have been threatened by over-exploitation; in the future depopulation may lead to partial abandonment. The soil seed bank was examined to see whether there are sufficient species represented as persistent seeds to reconstitute the vegetation in the event of habitat deterioration. There were differences between seed banks from different soils and vegetation types but essentially all soil seed banks contained few species and low densities of seed. Moreover, the species in the seed bank were unrepresentative of the vegetation. During future periods of changing land use it will be important to maintain the existing vegetation. There are however indications of successful recent conservation management. Annuals are abundant in the woodland seed bank but absent from the vegetation. The forest is recovering from the disturbance of collecting fire-wood. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Background: An appropriate clinical environment by providing learning opportunities, plays an important role in preparing students to apply the knowledge learned at the bedside. Since the lived experiences of patients in the clinical environment are effective on the quality of student's learning, the present study was conducted with the aim of explaining the lived experiences of patients regarding bedside teaching., Materials and Methods: The present qualitative study was conducted using a content analysis approach in 2023 at the Imam Sajjad educational and therapeutic center affiliated with Tabriz Islamic Azad University of Medical Sciences. The studied samples were selected with purpose-based sampling among the patients admitted to this hospital (18 people). In addition, semi-structured interviews were used to collect data and Graneheim and Lundman's approach for analysis of the data., Results: From the analysis of participants' narratives, 3 subcategories, and 17 primary concepts were obtained, which include the subcategory of the treatment dimension, the subcategory of the psychological dimension, and the next subcategory of education., Conclusion: The results of the study showed that in the treatment dimension, the concerns of patients in bedside clinical education include an increase in the number and duration of visits, fear of students performing incorrect procedures, lack of recognition of the person responsible for treatment and accountability to different people, a feeling of prolonged hospitalization due to the education process, fear and anxiety of the unknown and unfamiliar terms expressed in clinical rounds, increased likelihood of infection due to a large number of students and their examination, less access to the relevant doctor due to academic busyness, and in the human ethical dimension, failure to maintain patient privacy and reporting the patient's condition in public and examination by people of the same sex, lack of attention to the patient and his/her conversations during clinical rounds, and a greater focus on education. Lack of attention to the patient's psychological and social issues and his/her hobbies and greater focus on his/her body, breach of trust, and mental and physical discomfort due to tests and examinations are more common, and in the education dimension, it includes helping to increase patient awareness and increasing patient alertness. Promoting self-care behaviors, increasing patient interest in learning about the disease, encouraging students to learn more, helping to establish communication between patients and healthcare providers, and helping to educate students., Competing Interests: Declarations. Ethics approval and consent to participate: The Ethics Committee of Tabriz Islamic Azad University of Medical Sciences approved the study protocol with approval number IR.IAU.TABRIZ.REC.1402.294. Informed consent was obtained from the patients, and consent to participate was verbal. Due to the non-sensitive nature of the studied topic and the absence of adverse social and individual consequences associated with the information obtained in the study, the Ethics Committee deemed obtaining oral consent from the participants adequate This manuscript does not contain any individualized person’s data. Ethical approval: This study was approved by the ethics committee of Tabriz Islamic Azad University of Medical Sciences (ethics code: IR.IAU.TABRIZ.REC.1402.294). Consent for publication: The verbal informed consent was taken from all participants and the process of verbal informed consent was approved by the Ethics Committee of Tabriz Islamic Azad University of Medical Sciences Consent for publication. The consent form is attached. Competing interests: The authors declare no competing interests., (© 2025. The Author(s).)