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This study investigates the impact of nonsurgical periodontal treatment (NSPT) on oral health-related quality of life (OHRQoL) in patients with periodontitis stages (S)2 and S3, and the factors associated with the prediction of patient-reported outcomes. Periodontitis patients (n = 68) with moderately deep periodontal pockets were recruited. Responses to the Oral Health Impact Profile (OHIP)-14 questionnaire and clinical parameters including plaque index, bleeding on probing (BOP), probing pocket depth (PPD), and clinical attachment loss (CAL) were recorded. All patients received supra- and subgingival professional mechanical plaque removal. All clinical parameters and questionnaire responses were recorded again 3 months after NSPT. Clinical parameters and OHIP-14 scores for both stages of periodontitis were significantly improved 3 months after treatment. However, participants with periodontitis S3 had significantly higher total OHIP-14, physical pain, and functional limitation domains scores than periodontitis S2 cases. Baseline CAL, BOP, and the presence of PPD in anterior teeth were positively associated with increased OHIP-14 scores after NSPT. NSPT improved OHRQoL in participants with periodontitis S2 and S3. This was more pronounced in participants having periodontitis S3 than S2. Poorer OHRQoL could be anticipated in people having severe CAL, high BOP, and presence of pockets in the anterior teeth. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aim: Using a dip-coating technique, this study evaluated the microshear bond strength of resin cement to zirconia surfaces coated with nanosilica and nanoalumina. Methods: Zirconia blocks (n = 56) were categorized into seven groups based on surface treatment: untreated (control), tribochemical silica coating (positive control), dip coating with pure nanosilica, pure nanoalumina, and nanosilica-nanoalumina mixtures at 75:25, 50:50, and 25:75 volume ratios. The coated surfaces underwent characterization using a Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM), Energy Dispersive Spectroscopy (EDS), X-ray Diffraction (XRD), and Atomic Force Microscopy (AFM). Resin cylinders were cemented onto the treated zirconia surfaces, and microshear bond strength testing was performed. Differences in bond strength between groups were analyzed using One-way ANOVA and Tukey's post-hoc test (p < 0.05). Results: SEM revealed that nanosilica coatings formed island-like agglomerations, nanosilicananoalumina produced porous layers, and nanoalumina formed a dense cover layer. XRD detected only the tetragonal phase in coated zirconia, indicating no phase transformation compared to tribochemical silica coating. Microshear bond strength was higher for all coating groups than for controls (p < 0.05). The 75:25 nanosilica-nanoalumina demonstrated greater bond strength than other ratios. Conclusion: Dip-coating proved effective in enhancing resin-zirconia bonding without causing surface damage. Among the various ratios, the 75:25 nanosilica-nanoalumina mixture exhibited optimal bond strength. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Exporting to any country is an important factor in generating income and providing foreign exchange by increasing those exports. The purpose of the study is to determine the feasibility of production and export of dates to Iraq and to use the Box-Jenkins methodology to predict date exports to Iraq for the years 1990-2025 based on time series. They were represented by the number of dates exported to Iraq in the years 1990-2019. Statistical means and methods were used to study the nature of the time series, where it was noted that there is a clear fluctuation in the quantity of exports. The researchers concluded, through the use of the Box-Jenkins methodology, that the appropriate model for predicting the amount of date exports is the ARIMA model (2,2,1) among a group of models that does not have the best values through the criteria adopted for selection. As well as the model (1,0,0) to predict the production quantities of dates. The study concluded to continue to support the agricultural sector, especially production Dates, because Iraq is characterized by different types, as well as the increase in exports, which is an important part in achieving agricultural economic development, as well as the adoption of economic policies that help encourage exports by supporting producers, which achieves returns on the trade balance and foreign currency. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Escherichia coli is one of the significant bacteria that belongs to Enterobacteriaceae bacteria family, which found in human intestinal tracts. Several Escherichia coli clone have been known to be extremely virulent and multidrug resistant. Escherichia coli poses a significant public health challenge for Iraq. Objectives: The current study aimed to cleavage the mucin protein by partial purified protease enzyme produced by pathogenic Escherichia coli bacteria. Materials and methods: This study was conducted on isolates of Escherichia coli bacteria that isolated from stool of people with gastroenteritis and diarrhoea. These isolates were examined on skim milk agar medium in order to screening of protease enzyme. Escherichia coli A29 was efficient isolate for protease production. The protease enzyme was purified by ion exchange (CM-Cellulose column) and gel filtration chromatography (Sephacryl S-300) after precipitated by ammonium sulphite saturation of 80%. Characterization for protease enzyme was done for effect of pH and temperature on activity and stability. The next step was treatment of protease (19250 U/mg) with mucin (0.11 mg/ml) and passed across the Sephacryl S-300 column. Results: The results showed that the purification of protease by these chromatography techniques was given specific activity of 19250 U/mg, purification fold 4.94 and yield 49. The maximum activity for purified protease was at pH 6.0 (77.527 U/ml) and pH stability for enzyme activity was between 5.5 and 9, while the optimum temperature was 37°C (77.7 U/ml) and the stability for activity was kept between 15 and 50°C. Conclusion: The protease was cleavage of mucin for 3 peaks which represent fragments of mucin. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Anemia is the most common hematologic abnormality in pregnancy. Maternal anemia is associated with adverse fetal, neonatal, and childhood outcomes. This study aims to determine the prevalence of anemia, and iron deficiency anemia (IDA), the severity of the condition, and study the effect of some sociodemographic factors on pregnant women in Garmian province. The study was conducted among 157 pregnant women in Garmian province between 17 and 49 years old. Participants completed a questionnaire that included sociodemographic characteristics, disease, and gestational age. A hematological evaluation, including a complete blood count and serum for ferritin testing. Results of this study have shown that the prevalence of anemia and IDA were 34.4% and 15.3%, respectively. Almost three-quarters of the pregnant women had mild anemia, while 31% of the participants had moderate anemia, and about 60% of the participants were diagnosed with normocytic anemia. The second trimester had the highest prevalence, with 51.9% for the anemic and 45.8% for IDA participants, while the first trimester showed the lowest prevalence, with 14.8% for the anemic and 12.5% for IDA participants. Age, occupation, gravidity with anemia, and IDA did not make a significant difference. Moreover, there was no significant difference in blood indices between anemic and IDA participants. The serum ferritin level was unaffected by the pregnancy trimesters. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Consumer buying decisions (CBD) are affected by many factors and pricing is among them. However, to understand how pricing affects the buying decision of consumers, researchers found that it is necessary to clarify pricing categories. The objective of this study is to see how each pricing category affects CBD. Since there are few studies regarding the impact of pricing categories on CBD especially in Iraq, researchers investigated the impact of fair price, fixed price, and relative price on CBD. A questionnaire was distributed randomly on consumers who were willing to respond, 132 valid questionnaire were gathered and analyzed by SMART PLS3 to arrive at the study’s findings. Moreover, the results showed that the fixed price and fair price had a positive effect on the CBD. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Baghdad Science Journal is the property of Republic of Iraq Ministry of Higher Education & Scientific Research (MOHESR) and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Al-Mustansiriyah Journal of Science is the property of Republic of Iraq Ministry of Higher Education & Scientific Research (MOHESR) and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Baghdad Science Journal is the property of Republic of Iraq Ministry of Higher Education & Scientific Research (MOHESR) and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Objectives: To investigate the antiplaque and antigingivitis efficacy in addition to evaluating side effects and subjects' perceptions of three commercially available mouthwashes. Methods: This study was a double‐blind, parallel, and short‐term trial. A total of 75 dental students with biofilm‐induced gingivitis were included in the final analysis of the current study. Clinical parameters (plaque index and bleeding on probing) and the staining effect were measured at baseline and after 7 days. In addition, a VAS‐based assessment questionnaire was completed by the participants. Results: All interventions significantly reduced plaque scores, but chlorhexidine (CHX) had a significantly higher effect than the hyaluronic acid (HA) and antioxidant mouthwashes. However, all mouthwashes significantly reduced the total bleeding scores to <10% in 53% of the patients, compared to the baseline record. Additionally, teeth underwent shade changes in association with all interventions by the end of the study. Analysis of feedback about the mouthwashes showed that the participants seemed to prefer the HA mouthwash over the other mouthwashes. Conclusions: CHX remains the most effective antiplaque mouthwash although HA and antioxidants are as effective as CHX in reducing bleeding. In addition, based on its better acceptance by the participants, HA is potentially a good alternative to CHX. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The present study was aimed to examine the associations among chronic kidney disease(CKD) and hormonal status byevaluation levels of: Luteinizing hormone (LH) and Follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH), Prolactin,Estrogen (E2) and Progesterone (P4)for females and Testosterone for males along with thyroid hormones (TSH, T3, andT4) in CKD patients. The study included 50 patients who are diagnosed to have CKD stage-5, their ages ranged between 20-50 years (25 males and 25 females) who attended the Nephrology and Transplant Center in Medical City of Baghdad- Iraq from April 2018 to July 2018, and 20 matched apparently healthy as control, their ages ranged between 20-48 years (10 males and 10 females). The study showed a highly significant (P<0.01) increase in LH, FSH levels in CKD patients compared to the control group. Highly significant (P<0.01) increase in Prolactin level as compared to healthy individuals and highly significant (P<0.01) decrease in E2 level in CKD females patients compared to the control group, while there was non-significant (P>0.05) decrease in P4 level in CKD female patients compared to the control group. On the other hand there is significant (P<0.05) decrease in Testosterone level in CKD males patients compared to the control group. In parallel TSH was recorded a highly significant (P<0.01) increase in CKD patients in comparison with control. While T3 and T4 levels highly significant (P<0.01) decrease in CKD patients in comparison with control. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Infertility among patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD) has been extensively investigated. However, reproductive function in these patients is less well-characterized. The present study was aimed to examine the associations among chronic kidney disease (CKD) and fertility status by evaluation levels of: Luteinizing hormone (LH) and Follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH). Estrogen (E2) and Progesterone (P4) for females and Testosterone for males along with Anti-Mullerian Hormone (AMH) in CKD patients. The study has been registered at Nephrology and Transplant Center in Medical City of Baghdad- Iraq from April 2018 to July 2018. The study included 50 patients who are diagnosed to have CKD stage-5, their ages ranged between 20-50 years (25 males and 25 females) and 20 matched apparently healthy as control, their ages ranged between 20-48 years (10 males and 10 females). This study showed a highly significant (P<0.01) increase in LH, FSH levels in CKD patients compared to the control group. Highly significant (P<0.01) decrease in E2 level in CKD females patients compared to the control group, while there was non-significant (P>0.05) decrease in P4 level in CKD females patients compared to the control group. In parallel, there is significant (P<0.05) decrease in Testosterone level in CKD males patients compared to the control group. On the other hand, the study showed non-significant (p>0.05) increase in AMH level in CKD patients compared to the control group. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background Acute peritoneal dialysis is commonly practiced in IRAQ. Objective To evaluate and improve the management of peritoneal dialysis in Al-Kindi Teaching Hospital. Methods Six hundred and sixty nine patients underwent peritoneal dialysis during the period from January 2011 to June 2012. The mean age of patients was 54±13.9 years. Among the patients, there were 168 cases of acute renal failure, and 501 cases of chronic renal failure requiring acute dialysis. Results Acute peritoneal dialysis performed on patients admitted in dialysis unit of Al-Kindi Teaching Hospital was safe, a simple procedure, easily tolerated by the patient and requiring less expertise than hemodialysis and had complication rates nearly comparable to other established centers. Complications occurred in 349 patients (52%). The most common complication was bleeding in the peritoneal cavity (30%) while dialysis solution leak was the second most common complication (25%). Dialysis episodes complicated by peritonitis was (2.5%). Death rate was 15%. Conclusion Acute peritoneal dialysis was performed safely and effectively in Al-Kindi Teaching Hospital. Improvements are possible through closer supervision of new doctors and tighter nursing precaution. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The present study reports the occurrence of five species of monogeneans on gills of three freshwater fishes which were collected from fish markets in Baghdad city. These parasites included Dactylogyrus achmerowi, D. anchoratus and D. dulkeiti from Cyprinus carpio, D. lenkorani from Mesopotamichthys sharpeyi and D. varicorhini from Carasobarbus luteus. In addition to these parasites, the monogenean Ligophorus heteronchus was recorded from gills of Liza abu. The occurrence of the later parasite in the present study represents its first record in Iraq. The description and measurement of L. heteronchus were given. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In the recent years, education in Iraq was heading to the private education, so many colleges and universities were established in different cities. According to that, the students started to prefer the best university that has facility in procedure and that effects on education in Iraq. This study aims to find the quality of education in private universities, and how the private universities effect on the education. The information has been gathered using questionnaire survey among the employees and teaching staffs of (AL-Hadbaa University), 40 questionnaires have been obtained out of 45 respondents, and data have been collected and analyzed. After data analyzing, significant results of both dependent and independent variables have been gotten. Thus, we can find out the idea of the effecting of challenge of educational quality in private universities. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Renal transplantation is the treatment of choice for patients with end-stage renal disease. In Iraq, renal transplantation started in 1973 and has continued until now with live donor transplantation, since deceased donor transplant program is not approved as yet. Long-term transplant data are still scarce. The aim of our study is to present data on transplantation and medical follow-up at one year and, survival analysis at one, three and five years. A total of 250 renal transplantations were performed at the Nephrology and Renal Transplantation Center, Baghdad between January 2009 and January 2014. It is a living donor, blood group compatible donor program. All patients received triple immunosuppression (calcineurine inhibitor, mycophenolate mofetil or mycophenolic acid, and steroid). The Kaplan-Meier method was used to determine the survival rate. There were 92 live related donors, 143 unrelated donors, and 15 spouse donors. The mean age was 34.07 ± 12.2 years. The one-year graft survival for related and unrelated donor transplants was 98.9% and 91.8%, respectively. Graft survival was lower (82.9%) in recipients with acute rejection episodes. The patient survival at one-year was 94%. The three-year graft and patient survival was 91% and 90%, respectively, and five-year survival for grafts and patients was 87.1% and 88%, respectively. The outcome of the renal transplantation in Iraq is improving. Long-term patient follow-up needs more meticulous attention. The development of renal transplant registry is critical for future planning. Moreover, renal transplantation practice in Iraq needs more social, religious, and governmental support.

To determine the safety and efficacy of the practice of renal allograft biopsy and verify its impact on the management of kidney transplant patients presenting with graft dysfunction, we studied 50 renal allograft biopsies of 47 adult patients (38% males, mean age 32.4 ± 11 years) performed in the medical city complex from November 2008 to April 2011. All the biopsies were performed with a guidance of ultrasound. The procedure, complications, histological diagnoses and impact of the biopsy data on patients' management were recorded. Thirty percent of the biopsies were performed in the first 12 months post-transplantation and 24% were performed after the 60 th month. Adequate biopsy was achieved in 76% of the patients, with a 96% safety rate. Acute rejection was diagnosed in 38% of the biopsies and chronic allograft nephropathy in 38%, and they were the most common histological patterns in the study. The results of allograft biopsies positively impacted the management strategy in all study groups. Renal allograft biopsy was a useful and a relatively safe tool for the diagnosis of acute and chronic graft dysfunction in our experience.

This study aims to assess the different aspects of hemodialysis (HD) in Baghdad including the population on dialysis, dialysis dose, nutritional status, and comobidities. We studied the HD patients recruited from five major hospitals in Baghdad from July 2008 to February 2009. There were 86 patients (mean age 46.05 ± 14.28 years). We evaluated their social status, co-morbidities, adequacy of dialysis, and nutritional status. The mean duration of patients on HD was 2.2 years, only 14% are currently employed, hepatitis was present in 43%, and other co-morbidities were present in 35%. Dialysis time was 6.4 ± 1.9 hours/week and Kt/V was 1.02 ± 0.2. Malnutrition was present in 63.5% of patients (moderate in 45.9% and severe in 17.6%) with no significant sex difference. We conclude that dialysis in Baghdad is below the standards with low adequacy and frequency of sessions. Malnutrition is prevalent, especially the severe forms, and requires more attention and re-evaluation of the dialysis prescription.

Almost all forms of glomerular diseases have been reported in diabetics. In a recent series, 12% of those with type I and 27% of those with type II diabetes were found to have non diabetic renal disease. We studied 80 adult diabetic Iraqi patients who were diagnosed with glomerular disease on native kidney biopsies from January 2000 to April 2008. Membranoproliferative GN was seen in 32 patients (40%), focal and segmental glomerulosclerosis in 16 patients (20%), membranous nephropathy in 20 patients (25%), minimal change disease in 8 patients (10%), renal amyloidosis in 4 patients (5%). In conclusion Membranoproliferative GN was the most common histological diagnosis in our diabetic patients undergoing renal biopsy.