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The current research aimed to estimate the evolutionary relationships of ten Centaurea L. species growing naturally in the Duhok City, Kurdistan region of Iraq. The combing Start Codon Targeted (SCoT) markers with Internal Transcribed Spacer (ITS) gene region barcode were performed. To detect the DNA sequence variations and phylogenetic tree reconstruction, the Dice similarity matrix, the unweighted pair group method with arithmetic mean (UPGMA) clustering and Maximum Likelihood (ML) methods were applied. 104 polymorphic bands were scored with an average of 10.4. The Polymorphic Information Content (PIC) and Resolving Power (Rp) values ranged between (0.24 to 0.36) and 3.4 in primer (SCoT1) to 12 in primer (SCoT53) with an average of 0.319 and 5.74 respectively. The lowest similarity value was 0.52 between C. behen L. and C. solstitialis L., while the highest was 0.82 between C. balsamita and C. rigida. The reconstructed polytomous dendrogram was as follows: clade one; C. solstitialis L.; clade 2, C. balsamita Lam. and C. virgata Lam.; clade three subdivide into two subclades: C. iberica Trev. ex Spreng., C. hayalolepis Boiss., C. brugueriana (DC) Hand. Mazz. and C. gigantea Sch. Bip. Ex Boiss., C. regia Boiss., C. rigida Banks & Sol., C. behen Lam. Furthermore, C. brugueriana (DC) Hand. Mazz., C. iberica Trev. ex Spreng, C. behen L., C. solstiotialis L. and C. balsamita Lam. were nested with National Center for Biotechnology Information (NCBI). In contrast, the remaining taxa were mixed with other closely related species. Thus, ScoT markers and ITS DNA barcode were considerably effective for investigating the evolutionary relationships of Centaurea taxa. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The study aimed to determine the role of workers' comprehension level in agricultural extension centers through their knowledge of administrative processes when providing agricultural extension services in some central governorates of Iraq, as well as, some of the respondents' characteristics and the relationship between the studied independent variables. The research area has 220 employees, with a sample of 50% selected in four governorates (Babylon, Anbar, Baghdad, and Salah al-Din) using simple random sampling. A number of agricultural extension workers selected from each of the studied governorates came from outside the research sample as a pretest to express the opinion of the sample members regarding the provision of agricultural extension services to these centers. Their number reached 25 agricultural extension workers. The reliability coefficient was 0.89 degrees, and the respondents provided data in October 2022. The arithmetic mean, standard deviation, percentage, simple and multiple correlation coefficients, and frequency distribution tables helped analyze and interpret the research results. The findings indicated that 44.55% of respondents had no knowledge about extension centers' instructional, planning, and promotional roles in agricultural extension services. It also appears from the results that there is a weakness in the role of the respondents in the processes studied, namely, planning, coordination, communication, training, and education. The research suggests holding extension meetings to inform extension workers of their role in understanding the administrative processes of agricultural extension centers while providing extension services and the importance of that to them, as well as, training workers in their roles and using their knowledge to understand the administration. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Al-Rafidain Journal For Sport Sciences is the property of Republic of Iraq Ministry of Higher Education & Scientific Research (MOHESR) and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The present study focused on identifying the challenges faced by entrepreneurs in Iraq, where the researcher applied the analytical descriptive approach and used direct interviews and a questionnaire, where she interviewed 16 managers and officials of entrepreneurial institutions and distributed the questionnaire to (120) entrepreneurs, as the study sample was cross-sectional because it was used once and for a period Short and the sample type is random because it gives a generalization level of reliability (95%) for the results and characteristics reached by the study on a study population. The researcher used a set of statistical measures appropriate to the nature of the study, such as the alpha Kronbach coefficient, arithmetic mean, standard deviation, and linear regression test to test hypotheses and reach conclusions to formulate a group. Among the recommendations that help to face the challenges in the Iraqi society market, the study concluded that entrepreneurs in Iraq are challenges related to political instability and they face challenges in accessing international markets due to the continuation of conflict and sanctions and they face challenges related to the lack of legislative laws that protect them and that the nature of the relationship between the two variables is Inverse relationship. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Al-Adab / Al-ādāb is the property of Republic of Iraq Ministry of Higher Education & Scientific Research (MOHESR) and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The research problem is that the traditional methods of internal auditing are somewhat heavy with long and rigid procedures for the members of the audit process team, especially in light of the current developments that are reflected in the business environment and internal audit reports, so it is necessary to reconsider the traditional internal audit work method and assess the extent of its development by agile methods to reduce the time of the audit process on the activities and elements that add value and direct the effort and time to the activities and elements that add value to the work of the economic unit and the report of the internal auditor. The research aims to study the possibility of applying agile internal auditing in the Iraqi economic units and to achieve the goal of the research. The researchers made a checklist to test the research hypothesis, which states (there are no applications of lean internal auditing methods in the local environment). For (6) private banks listed in the Iraq Stock Exchange, which number (69) banks, after reviewing the periodic reports prepared by the Central Bank of Iraq. The researchers concluded that the most banks of the research sample applied to the graceful internal audit in the Iraqi economic units is the Ashur Bank, as it obtained the highest arithmetic mean it reached (2.55) and the highest relative importance as it amounted to (85.0%) and the second place the Iraqi Investment Bank got the arithmetic mean (2.48) and importance Relative (82.7%). In third place, the Khaleej Commercial Bank got an arithmetic mean (2.39) and relative importance (79.7%). In fourth place, the Trans-Iraq Bank got an arithmetic mean (2.28) and relative importance (76%). In fifth place, the Iraqi Islamic Bank got on the arithmetic mean (2.24) and relative importance (74.7%). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Accounting & Financial Studies Journal is the property of Republic of Iraq Ministry of Higher Education & Scientific Research (MOHESR) and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Journal of Physical Education (20736452) is the property of Republic of Iraq Ministry of Higher Education & Scientific Research (MOHESR) and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The research aims to determine the administrative competencies available to agricultural extension managers in the governorates of the central region of Iraq. In order to achieve research aims, a questionnaire was prepared that included the measure of administrative competencies available to agricultural extension managers in the light of the literature and previous studies related to the topic of research and the opinions of experts specialized in the field of management and agricultural extension, and it consisted of 16 paragraphs distributed into 5 fields, viz., 1- Planning competencies, 2- Organizing competencies, 3- Evaluation competencies, 4- Leadership competencies, and 5- Decision-making competencies, and the highest degree of the scale reached 5 degrees, and the lowest degree of the scale was 1 degree. The research was conducted on the 8 provinces of the central region, and a random sample of 50% was drawn from them by 4 provinces, which are (Baghdad, Babylon, Holy Karbala, Najaf) and the research was limited to all directors of agricultural extension in the provinces included in the research sample of 109 respondents. The data was collected from the respondents by means of a questionnaire and the personal interview method to indicate the degree of their approval of the fields and paragraphs of administrative competencies in the light of the scale of the degree of available competencies, consisting of five levels (very high, high, medium, low, very low). The results of the research showed that all administrative competencies are available to agricultural extension managers in the province of the central region of Iraq. The degree of availability was medium in each of the following areas: decision-making, organization, planning, and evaluation, with arithmetic averages of (3.103), (3.099), (3.083), and (3.045) degrees, respectively, and standard deviations (0.833), (0.099), (0.797), and (0.883) degrees, respectively, while the field of leadership came to a high degree in terms of the degree of availability of the respondents with an arithmetic mean (4.071) degrees, a standard deviation (0.809) degrees. Therefore, the researcher recommends that the Ministry of Agriculture / Department of Agricultural Extension and Training should adopt the results of this research in order to develop the competencies of agricultural extension managers and improve their performance in their work. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Al-Bahith Journal is the property of Republic of Iraq Ministry of Higher Education & Scientific Research (MOHESR) and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Building a scale of administrative competencies for the heads of sports clubs in Iraq from the point of view of members of the administrative bodies. While the third chapter included the basic research procedures to reach sound results, and sound scientific steps were followed to build the scale for the study. The researchers used the descriptive approach for its suitability and the nature of the current research. The research sample included members of the administrative bodies of Iraqi clubs, who numbered (198) and represented a percentage of (12, 3) From the total research community, the researchers resorted to adopting the questionnaire as an appropriate means to collect information from the research sample. The researchers used the arithmetic mean, standard deviation, and percentage as appropriate statistical means. The researchers reached the following: Building the administrative competency scale from the point of view of the members of the administrative bodies of the Iraqi sports clubs in its final form, and it consists of (48) paragraphs in its final form. The researchers recommend the following: Application of the measure of administrative competencies to a sample of members of the administrative bodies of Iraqi sports clubs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Economic Sciences is the property of Republic of Iraq Ministry of Higher Education & Scientific Research (MOHESR) and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Journal of Administration & Economics is the property of Republic of Iraq Ministry of Higher Education & Scientific Research (MOHESR) and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Construction projects are unique in nature. One of its most notable qualities is the length of time that may result in a change of circumstances, resulting in many risks as a result of the long implementation period and the several stages, beginning with the project foundation and ending with final delivery. This raises the level of uncertainty and the probability of risks, which has a negative influence on the economics of construction contracts. To manage risks in such projects, the researcher visited a number of sites in numerous governorates across Iraq after collecting papers and literature on the subject of risk management in construction projects. The researcher prepared unique forms displaying the probability of the risk arising and the magnitude of its effect after extracting a large number of them. After that, the forms were distributed to a group of specialists. Following a statistical analysis of the findings, the researcher came up with a set of conclusions and recommendations for managing risks in Iraqi building projects. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Journal of Kirkuk University for Administrative & Economic Sciences is the property of Republic of Iraq Ministry of Higher Education & Scientific Research (MOHESR) and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Journal of Administration & Economics (57942221) is the property of Republic of Iraq Ministry of Higher Education & Scientific Research (MOHESR) and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Journal of the College Of Basic Education is the property of Republic of Iraq Ministry of Higher Education & Scientific Research (MOHESR) and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Larq Journal for Philosophy, Linguistics & Social Sciences is the property of Republic of Iraq Ministry of Higher Education & Scientific Research (MOHESR) and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Search target to: 1- Building a scale of dynamic capabilities according to its dimensions (opportunity sensing capabilities, learning capabilities, integration capabilities, coordination capabilities). 2- Knowing the level of dynamic capabilities in its dimensions for the central sports federations and excellent clubs in the Kurdistan Region of Iraq from the point of view of the members of their administrative bodies. 3- Identify the differences in the dynamic capabilities between the central sports federations and the excellent clubs in the Kurdistan Region of Iraq. The two researchers used the descriptive approach using the survey method. The research sample consisted of (201) members distributed into (91) members in central federations and (110) members in excellent clubs. To achieve the objectives of the research, a measure of dynamic capabilities was built and its validity and reliability were verified. In statistical processing of data, percentage, arithmetic mean, standard deviation, t-test for two independent samples, simple correlation coefficient (Pearson), Spearman- Brown equation, alpha-Cronbach equation, were used. The researchers concluded that the central sports federations in the Kurdistan Region of Iraq possess medium levels of dynamic capabilities that correspond to the level of most of their dimensions, except for the dimension of opportunity-sensing capabilities, which was at a high level. And the excellent clubs in the Kurdistan Region of Iraq possess high levels of dynamic capabilities that correspond to the level of all its dimensions. And the existence of significant differences in the dynamic capabilities between the central sports federations and the excellent clubs in the Kurdistan Region of Iraq and in favor of the excellent clubs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Al-Rafidain Journal For Sport Sciences is the property of Republic of Iraq Ministry of Higher Education & Scientific Research (MOHESR) and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Al-Dananeer is the property of Republic of Iraq Ministry of Higher Education & Scientific Research (MOHESR) and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Al-Dananeer is the property of Republic of Iraq Ministry of Higher Education & Scientific Research (MOHESR) and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Journal of College of Education / Wasit is the property of Republic of Iraq Ministry of Higher Education & Scientific Research (MOHESR) and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The current research aims to "develop teacher preparation programs in the faculties of basic education according to the Times classification through Standing on the reality of the teacher preparation system in the faculties of basic education in Iraq, and getting acquainted with the reality of the teacher preparation system in some universities that are include d in the international classifications, specifically the Times Classification And determining the similarities and differences between the teacher preparation system in Iraq and the systems of those universities, as well as developing recommendations and proposals that can be used in developing teacher preparation programs in the faculties of basic education. In the study, the "descriptive-analytical approach" was used, as this method relies on the study of reality, and is concerned with describing the phenomenon that he wants to study in an accurate description, but it is not limited to describing the phenomenon, and collecting information and data about it, rather, this information must be classified and organized, and expressed quantitatively or qualitatively, so that this leads to an understanding of the relationships with other phenomena, and to achieve the objectives of the study, a questionnaire was prepared that was classified into criteria and indicators affiliated with the aforementioned classification. And its validity and reliability were confirmed, and the study sample consisted of (65) university professors who were supervising the preparation and teaching of teacher programs at the College of Basic Education / University of Babylon / in Iraq. represented by the arithmetic mean, percentage, (K2) test, and correlation coe fficient. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Journal of Administration & Economics (57942221) is the property of Republic of Iraq Ministry of Higher Education & Scientific Research (MOHESR) and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Al-Rafidain Journal For Sport Sciences is the property of Republic of Iraq Ministry of Higher Education & Scientific Research (MOHESR) and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The study aimed to identify the role of kindergarten teachers in developing creative thinking among kindergarten children in Iraq from the teachers' perspective in the light of the available classroom environment. The study sample consisted of (95) teachers, within the Nineveh Directorate of Education in Nineveh\ Iraq, and to apply the study the researchers prepared a tool The study represented by a questionnaire in the skills of creative thinking distributed in five fields which consisted in its final form of (35) paragraphs. The results showed that the classroom environment and its relationship to the role of kindergarten teachers in developing creative thinking among kindergarten children was average, as both fluency and detail came first with an arithmetic average of (3.12), while the sensitivity of the problems came in the last rank with an arithmetic average of (3.00) The mathematical average for creative thinking as a whole was (3.06), and there were differences in the educational qualification in favor of postgraduate studies, and there were differences in teaching experience in favor of ((10 and more). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Journal of Islamic Sciences (22259732) is the property of Republic of Iraq Ministry of Higher Education & Scientific Research (MOHESR) and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Al.Qadisiya journal for the Sciences of Physical Education is the property of Republic of Iraq Ministry of Higher Education & Scientific Research (MOHESR) and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Journal of College of Education / Wasit is the property of Republic of Iraq Ministry of Higher Education & Scientific Research (MOHESR) and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Basic Education College Magazine For Educational & Humanities Sciences is the property of Republic of Iraq Ministry of Higher Education & Scientific Research (MOHESR) and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Journal of Al-Frahids Arts is the property of Republic of Iraq Ministry of Higher Education & Scientific Research (MOHESR) and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Journal of Baghdad College of Economic Sciences University is the property of Republic of Iraq Ministry of Higher Education & Scientific Research (MOHESR) and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Journal of Baghdad College of Economic Sciences University is the property of Republic of Iraq Ministry of Higher Education & Scientific Research (MOHESR) and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The research aimed mainly at identifying the agricultural productive activities that rural women contribute to improving the economic situation, as well as identifying the personal and economic variables of rural women, in addition to identifying the achievement motivation and the sources of access to related information of agricultural productive activities. To achieve the objectives of the study, the research was carried out in the Madain Agriculture Division / Directorate of Baghdad Agriculture. A sample of (120) women was selected by (48%), where the data were collected using a questionnaire form for the interview of rural women and the statically program (SPSS) was used to analyze the data. Percentages, frequencies, arithmetic mean, standard deviation, weighted mean, T-test for one sample and one- way anova test was used as a tool for statistical analysis and draw conclusions and the most important findings of the research were: The highest proportion was found in the age group of (41-50) years and the category (31-40) years, where the percentage reached to (30.8%, 26.7%) respectively and the great majority of the female respondents were married by a percentage of (84.2%). As well as, the results showed that a 60% of the female respondents in the two categories read, written and illiterate, furthermore, two-third of them (65%) owned (5) dunums and nearly half of them by (48.3%) are marketing of productive activities in the two categories (always, sometimes). Moreover, more than one-third of the female respondents by (36.7%) gets information from their personal experience, In addition to they were motivated by high achievement. The results also showed that the contribution of the respondents in some activities was high, as it came in an advanced rank and according to the weighted mean: storing and drying vegetables (bean, okra, etc.) by (2,733), bread making (2,73), rearing sheep and goats (2,64), poultry rearing (2,64), fruit drying such as apricots, grapes and others (2.53), enhanced ghee manufacturing (2.40), making kubba and kufta (2.38) and yogurt manufacturing (2,31). The researcher recommended that attention should be paid to educating the rural women's, since their education increases their knowledge of recent information and the need to intensify extension efforts directed at rural women through the preparation of training courses to improve the quality of agricultural production activities and to provide them with information on modern technologies in food and crafts manufacturing. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

High-permeability zones (HPZ) are common occurrences in carbonate reservoirs of the Middle East and act to improve productivity in primary depletion but lead to water breakthrough in secondary depletion. Bioturbation aggravated the reservoir heterogeneity of the Khasib Formation carbonates in AD oilfield, Iraq, resulting in the development of HPZ. The observations of cores and thin sections, measurements of porosity, permeability, capillary pressure and probe permeability were conducted to investigate the characteristics and genesis of the HPZ. Well log responses of the HPZ in cored wells were analysed to identify the HPZ in uncored wells and predict its distribution. Results demonstrate that the HPZ is demarcated by Glossifungites ichnofacies and Thalassinoides ichnofabric. The burrow systems filled passively with overlying sediments that were apparently different from the unbioturbated matrix, in terms of the lithologic associations, pores types, and pore connectivity. The burrow systems, which contribute to the high permeability of the HPZ, were merely composed of grainstone with well-connected interparticle pores and vugs. The matrix comprises packstone and hardground-associated strongly cemented grainstone, which developed some fractures and exhibited poorly connected pores, including intraparticle, moldic, and residual interparticle pores. The arithmetic mean permeability of the HPZ is 241.0 mD, which is much higher than that of the non-HPZ (17.3 mD). The entry pressure and pore throat radius of the burrows in HPZ is 0.02–0.05 MPa and 5–20 μm, respectively, which reveal the high-quality pore structure of the burrow systems. There is strong heterogeneity within the HPZ. The permeability of burrow systems could reach up to 10133.5 mD with an arithmetic mean permeability of 712.2 mD, while the permeability of the matrix is only 0.05 to 69.29 mD, with an arithmetic mean permeability of 8.7 mD. Interconnected burrow networks in the HPZ were formed by bioturbation. The efficiency of connectivity of the HPZ was further enhanced by the early dissolution occurred within burrow architecture and matrix in the meteoric freshwater environment. These resulted in the formation of the high-permeable network composing of interparticle pores, vugs, and the dissolution-enlarged fractures. The high-permeable burrow systems and low-permeable matrix jointly contributed to the distinct well log responses, which are markedly different from the conventional shoal HPZ. The bioturbated HPZ can be identified by medium natural gamma (GR), high bulk density value (RHOB), low acoustic transit-time value (DT), low compensated neutron (NPHI), high deep induction value (RILD), and high microspherically focused resistivity value (MSFL). A well log-model based three cutoffs, namely RHOB nor /DT nor , RILD*MSFL and GR, was built and shows good prediction of the HPZ. • Bioturbation-associated high-permeability zones are systematically characterised in all aspects. • The development of the HPZ is jointly controlled by bioturbation and early dissolution. • Well log responses of the bioturbated HPZ is synthesised responses of burrow and matrix. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Journal of Studies & Reseaches of Sport Education is the property of Republic of Iraq Ministry of Higher Education & Scientific Research (MOHESR) and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Journal of Al-Frahids Arts is the property of Republic of Iraq Ministry of Higher Education & Scientific Research (MOHESR) and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The objective of this research was to define the effectiveness of educational units in the development of analytical thinking. The study was conducted in Iraq, Babylon Governorate. An experimental design was adopted with partial control of two groups. The research community was the third-grade students from the Department of Arabic language at the Faculty of Basic Education, Babylon University. A sample of (62) female student was divided into one experimental and one control group. The sample students were equalized using appropriate statistical means for research procedures (arithmetic mean, standard deviation and the Independent t-test). Four variables were used (age, intelligence, father's academic achievement, and mother's academic achievement). A standardized tool was used to measure the effectiveness of the General Teaching Methods subject to the students in the two research groups, this tool is a post-test. The results of this study showed that there are statistically significant differences between the average mean of experimental and control students' scores at (0.05). Thus, the units of the general teaching methods contributed to raising the level of students achievement, and it was indicated that the effectiveness of the proposed educational units for general teaching methods subject through the use of cognitive maps. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]