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Objective: To study the effect of Covid-19 on the levels of some biomarker such as liver enzyme, ferritin, LDH, CRP and ACE-2 activity levels, and their relations with the severity of Covid-19 and the activity levels of angiotensin converting enzyme-2. Methods: This case-control study was conducted on 176 male subjects who diagnosed by physician and were divided into three groups: 59 of them were infected with severe covid-19, 54 of them were infected with moderate covid-19 and 63 of them were checked and obtained as apparently healthy control. Severe and moderate patients were collected from Al-Hayat tertiary center at Al-Hussein Medical City, Kerbala Health Directorates, Kerbala - Iraq during April, 2020-June, 2021 with matched age ranged between (23-88) years. In this study, the levels of ACE-2 was measured through enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (ELISA) in sera from healthy volunteers as a control group, and patients with moderate Covid-19, patients with severe Covid-19. Anthropometric, biochemical data were analyzed and then measuring the levels of some biomarker such as liver enzyme, ferritin, LDH, and CRP activity levels. Results: The levels of ACE-2 were differing significantly among groups. However, the level of CRP, Ferritin and LDH were significantly higher in moderate Covid-19 and severe cases of Covid-19 groups compared to control indicating it to be an dependent predictor in the coronavirus disease and prognosis of disease. In contrast the severe infection was correlated with the age and chronic diseases such as pretention and T2DM. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Leptin is a hormone primarily produced by the adipose tissue in proportion to the size of fat stores with a primary function in the control of lipid reserves, this study aimed to evaluate the influence of hypothyroidisim on serum levels of Leptin, CRP and lipid profile, blood sample was collected from 75 women age ranged between (15-49) years 65 of the them had hypothyroidisim while 10 of the samples were healthy control, The results showed no significant diffirence in serum Leptin (p =0.1), while there was significant high concentration of serum leptin in obeses hypothyroid women in compared to non obeses hypothyroid women Serum Cholesterol, Triglyceride, VLDL in addition to serum LDL were significantly higher in patient compared to control group, the Serum CRP levels were significantly Higher in hypothyroid patient compared to the control, circulating thyroid hormones do not appear to play a significant effect on Leptin Levels in patients with hypothyroidisim While it Causes Dyslipidemia, with a significant increase in the serum levels of CRP as an inflamantory marker linked between hypothyroidism and risk factors of cardiovascular events. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Clinical care may be influenced by the ability to predict whether a patient has complicated appendicitis at the time of presentation. However, it is unclear whether prehospital or in-hospital factors are associated with complicated appendicitis. We also want to know if C-reactive protein (CRP) and procalcitonin (PCT) can be used as supporting factors for Alvarado Score associated with complex appendicitis. Objectives: The aim of this study is to know the possibility of adding CRP and PCT to support the diagnostic protocol for differentiating between complicated acute appendicitis and noncomplicated acute appendicitis by knowing the sensitivity and specificity of each of them, as well as knowing which is more acceptable to add to the diagnostic protocol. Materials and Methods: A cross-sectional study was carried out in the Emergency Unit at AL-Hilla Teaching Hospital in Babylon province, Hilla city, between October 2021 and January 2022. There were a total of 90 patients; CRP and PCT were measured for patients by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay method, in addition to knowing their Alvarado score. SPSS software was used to conduct the statistical analysis. Results: At the time of surgery, 34 (40%) of the 90 patients had complicated appendicitis, whereas 54 (60%) without complication. The age and gender of the groups did not show any significant difference. The Alvarado score, CRP, and PCT levels all showed a significant difference (P < 0.05). The correlation between Alvarado score and biochemical parameters (CRP and PCT) show a significant positive correlation. Conclusions: CRP and PCT support Alvarado score to differentiate between complicated acute appendicitis and noncomplicated acute appendicitis, and this is evident from the significantly higher concentrations of both in patients with complicated acute appendicitis than in patients with noncomplicated acute appendicitis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Coronavirus disease (COVID-19) appeared as outbreak in 2019 in Wuhan, China. It has been classified as pandemic disease and more severe than predicted; with infections already recorded in a variety of countries. This study aims to confirm the COVID-19 infection through the following tests: hematological, C-reactive protein (CRP). Samples were collected from the infected patients and sent to the National Flu Center (Central Public Health Laboratory) for COVID-19 (positive or negative) diagnosis by the RT-PCR technique. In this study, sixty five of COVID-19 patients and twenty five of healthy control samples male and female were collected in Iraq. There are significant differences in the parameters of the hematological markers for patients in comparing with the control group and no significant differences were observed in Hb when RBC and GRAN percent rise in patients relative to the control group with P=0.0395 and P=0.0354 respectively comparing with the control group. White blood cells (WBC), Lymphocyte (LYM%), Platelets (PIT), monocyte (Mid%), hematocrit (HCT), mean corpuscular volume (MCV), mean corpuscular hemoglobin (MCH), mean platelet volume (MPV), plateletcrit (PCT) was drop dramatically in patients compared to control group. Fifty-one of patients for whom the test was given exhibited a positive (CRP) result. Likewise, the results showed that few patients were negative to CRP test. The Hematological parameters levels (HCT, MCV, MCH, Pelt, WBC, LYM, Mid, MPV, PCT) decreased, but Hb, RBC, GRAN% increased. C-reactive protein test showed a positive result in 85% of patients which can be considered an indicator for predicting severity infection with COVID-19. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Rheumatoid arthritis is one of the highly incidence autoimmune disease. In present study the immunological and clinical biochemical test was checked in patients with RA in Iraq. Here 70 serum specimens were obtained from patients suffer from RA and 30 serum specimens from healthy control cohorts. Antinuclear antibodies (ANA) level, C-reactive protein level, erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR), activity of alanine aminotransferase (ALT), activity of aspartate aminotransferase (AST), concentration of blood urea and serum creatininand diseases activity score (DAS)-28 were evaluated in sera of patients and healthy control cohorts. The results showed that significant elevation in level of ANA, ESR, CRP and DAS-28 in patients group as compared to healthy control group (P<0.05). No significant difference between patients group and healthy control group in terms of activity of ALT, AST, concentration of blood urea and serum creatinine. The person test (r) was done to evaluate the correlation between ESR, ANA, CRP, ALT, AST, blood urea and serum creatinine. The results showed significant relation between levels of ESR, CRP and ANA and activity of disease in terms of DAS-28. The results showed no significant relation between level of CRP, ALT, AST, blood urea and serum creatinine in patient's sera and DAS-28. It can be concluded from present study that the some laboratory parameters related with activity of RA such as ESR, ANA, CRP and other parameters do not related with activity of RA such asALT, AST, blood urea and serum creatinine. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Subjects for this study included 68 HCV patients that suffering from kidney failure in Hemodialysis unit in Merjan Teaching Hospital from Babylon province /Iraq, enrolled in the study were distributed according to the gender 52 (76.5%) males and 16 (23.5 %) females. The age ranged between (20 - 80) year’s old divided into three groups, (20-40), (40-60), (60-80), respectively, compared with control group. The samples were collected from blood patients. During the period from March, 2020 to, June 2020, the history was taken from patients and their parents including: name, age, gender. The 68 HCV patients that suffering from Kidney failure from hemodialysis unit were distributed according to the gender 52 (76.5%) males and 16 (23.5 %) females. The age ranged between (20 to 80) years old divided into three groups, (20-40), (40-60), (60-80), The mean age of HCV patients that suffering from renal failure was 50 years. age distribution patients suffering from HCV higher in age group (40 - 60) years, followed by (60-80), years and the lower in (20-40) years. Infection appears in both sexes, there was significant association between study groups and sex patients with HCV disease among renal failure which was more likely to be male, (p ≤ 0.05). Rate of infection in male was relatively higher than females (76.5%), (23.5 %) respectively. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The study was conducted in Baghdad for the period from July 1 to August 20 2020 on patients previously diagnosed with the emerging corona virus. . The study included 40 patients whose ages ranged from 20 to 80 years. The study also included taking 40 healthy people of the same age groups to detect interleukin 6 and 10 gamma interferon by using ELISA technique as well as measuring the level of the C-reactive protein. The study contained a withdrawal of five ml of venous blood from patients and patients and took all the necessary information from them such as gender, age, current living status, number of family members, as well as the history of infection and travel to countries affected by the virus to compare the two groups with regard to the immune response by measuring the variables above. The study showed that the highest mean level of IL-6 was found in newly diagnosed COVID-19 patients comparing with healthy control (60.76±8.46 v.s. 39.03±5.26 pg/ml) (P:<0.01). The study also demonstrated that the level of IL-10 was significantly elevated in newly diagnosed COVID-19 patients as compared with healthy control (38.18±4.57 v.s. 31.84±3.19 pg/ml). The study established that the level of IFN-Gamma was significantly increased in patients with new infection of COVID-19 as compared with healthy control (27.27±7.18 v.s. 13.81±3.83 pg/ml) (P:<0.01). The study proven that the level of CRP was increased significantly in patients with new infection of COVID-19 as compared with healthy control (33.18±3.19 v.s. 3.±1.81 mg/dl) (P:<0.01). The study concluded that, There was a highly significant relation of IL-6, IL-0, IFN gamma, and CRP with COVID-19 disease in the first week of infection [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: adipocytokines display avital role in inflammation and metabolism, body metabolism changes in inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) and chronic inflammation conceder the pathognomonic of this disease, s. leptin and C-Reactive protein (CRP (in patients with active disease either Crohn disease or ulcerative colitis. The aim of this descriptive study is to evaluate the serum leptin and CRP level in a sample of Iraqi patients with IBD of variable disease activity index. METHOD: serum concentration of leptin was studied in 79 patients diagnosed as IBD [41 patients diagnosed as Crohn's disease (CD) and in 38 patients diagnosed as ulcerative colitis (UC)]. The diagnosis based on colonoscopy, CT, MRI, US and histopathological examination of mucosa. Serum leptin and CRP was measured by an indirect ELISA. Leptin level was compared with CRP and correlated with disease activity. RESULTS: data showed that out of 38 patients diagnosed as UC, 10 (26.3%) were in remission, 22 (57.9%) were in moderate activity, and 6 (15.8%) have severely active disease. On the other hand, out of 41 patients diagnosed as CD, 17 (41.5%) were in remission state, 20 (48.8 %) have moderate active disease, and 4 (9.8%) have severely active form. Serum leptin in the UC group was significantly associated with disease activity in an inverse pattern (p =0.045), while no significant association between action index in patients with Crohn disease and leptin level P-value = 0.77. While CPR level have significant association with ulcerative colitis patients P-value = 0.017 and with Crohn disease P-value = 0.043. Comparing both CRP and leptin level showed significant association with UC as an overall effect and those in decrease only (P-value = 0.047, 0.029 correspondingly), while this association was only significant as an overall effect for CD group P-value = 0.043. conclusion: a significant association between disease activity in UC and CD with serum CRP. Comparing both CRP and leptin level showed that there is an overall significant association with both UC and CD, but not useful for defining their activity index. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The presented study aims to evaluate of the levels of serum Visfatin, in patients with chronic obstructive Pulmonary diseases in Babylon-Iraq, to find the correlation of Visfatin, with lipid profile in these patients and compared with apparently healthy as case - control study. The study included (50) patients as patients group diagnosed with COPD (G1) and (50)as apparently control group(G2) .The age of all studied groups ranged between (40-65)years and BMI with (18.8-24.4) Kg/m2 .Serum was used in determination of FBS, lipid profile( Ch,TG,HDL-c,LDL-c and VLDL-c), insulin, CRP and Visfatin, Whole blood was used for determination of HbA1C . The results revealed significant elevation in FBG and HbA1c levels were seen in patients groups when comparing to healthy control .The results indicates a significant elevation in TC, TG,LDL-c and VLDL-c in G1 comparing to G2. Also, HDL-c significant decreased in G1 comparing to G 2, Also,the results showed significant increased in CRP levels in G1, when comparing to G2, A non significant visfatin and insulin level in G1 when compared with G2(p value = 0.486), . A non significant correlation was found in G1 between visfatin,TC,TG, HDL-c and VLDL-c. The conclusion from this study indicate that G1 which HDL-c is low in this group has the highest value for FBS, HbA1c, TC,TG,LDL and VLDL .Also, the study found non correlation between lipid profile parameters in G1 [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Osteoarthritis is believed to be the most predominant incessant joints ailment. The rate of osteoarthritis occurrences is raising a direct result of the maturing populace; it is moreover associated with a combination of both modifiable and non-modifiable hazard factors encompasses; absence of activity, weight gain, occupational injury, bone thickness, hereditary inclination, trauma, and gender. Clinical highlights that lead to treatment are agony and loss of capacity, involving life style modification, medical treatment, and surgical methodologies. The determination of osteoarthritis by clinicians is developed late in the disease process, perhaps past the point where it is possible to expect a lot of help from disease-modifying drugs. In spite of endeavors over the previous decades to create biomarkers for osteoarthritis, as yet image studies and biochemical markers examinations should be enhanced and perhaps stretched out with increasingly explicit and delicate strategies to dependably depict illness forms to analyze the ailment at a beginning period, to categorize sufferers as indicated by their anticipation, to pursue the course of ailment and therapy. In future, superior meaning of the diseases expected by outlining various phenotypes of the sickness, therapy focused more specifically at these phenotypes may prompt enhanced results. Objective: The main objective of the present paper is the early diagnosis of osteoarthritis by detection of biomarkers in serum and synovial fluid in Iraqi patients suffering from knee osteoarthritis. Patients and Methods: This study involves 100 participants; 50patients suffer from knee osteoarthritis and 50 healthy controls. Platelets numbers (PLT), level of erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR), level of C - reactive protein (CRP) and level of C3 complement were collected and studied. Results: A significant increase in the level of biomarkers; platelet number (PLT), erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR), C - reactive protein (CRP) and C3 complement were demonstrated in patients with osteoarthritis compared to healthy individual. These increments demonstrate a noteworthy positive relationship between the state of patient and the severity of the disease. Conclusion: These results provide an evidence for the significant role of biomarkers in the determination of the early stages of the disease and thus obtaining better results and improving the quality of life of the patient. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: The prevalence of Rheumatoid Arthritis (RA) has been raised in Iraq. The medical costs of such increased prevalence are high. Global studies have revealed polymorphisms of PD1 (Program Death 1) gene to be associated with Rheumatoid Arthritis (RA). This polymorphism can cause changes in various metabolic variables. Methods: The current study consists of 100 RA patients and 100 healthy control individuals. Variable parameters data included Anti-Cyclic cytrulinated peptide expression (ACCP), Rheumatoid factor (RF), C-Reactive Protein (CRP) in serum and Erythrocytes sedimentation rate (ESR) leveles. Genotyping of PD1gene polymorphism is carried out by RFLP-PCR. Various statistical analyses were applied to analyze the data. Results: The estimation of immunological and biochemical data pointed out significant differences in Gender, RF, ACCP, CRP, ESR and age in RA when compared with those of the control group. The genotyping results were found to be consistent with Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium. The analysis of the genotype distribution under various inheritance models highlighted significant differences in SNP of PD1 gene polymorphism among RA patients when compared with the control group under the dominant homozygote, heterozygote and recessive homozygote. The genotype and allele frequencies of the PD1 SNP rs11568821; genotype GA was significantly increased in RA compared with controls (45% and 24%, respectively) (P=0.0020),(OR =2.5909),(95% CI 1.4-4.7) . Subjects who carried A allele were significantly more likely to develop RA three folds AA(OR=3.3529, 95% CI=1.1691- 9.6160, P=0.0244). Clinical characteristics were observed to change significantly with respect to the genotype distribution of the investigated SNP. Conclusion: PD1 gene polymorphisms (rs11568821) is implicated in the pathogenesis of Rheumatoid arthritis in Najaf population. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study aimed to investigate the role of inflammatory processes in benign prostatic enlargement among men with elevated prostate-specific antigen (PSA) levels without a history of prostatic disease. Additionally, we aimed to examine the influence of serum zinc levels on prostate volume. We investigated the associations between systemic inflammatory markers, serum PSA, and serum zinc levels in 48 men without a history of prostatic disease, aged between 60-72 years, and 30 healthy men in the same age range. Data collection occurred between 1/2/2022 to 1/10/2022. The results are presented as mean values ± standard error (SE), and statistical significance was determined at p≤0.05. The levels of sIL-8 (P: 44.295±1.002, C: 1.404±0.2562), IL-6 (P: 7.406±0.5632, C: 4.468±0.830), CRP (P: 14.765±0.565, C: 6.267±0.538), increased significantly in patients with high PSA, while zinc levels (P: 92.305±2.8235, C: 114.565±8.861) decreased in the patient group. Regarding white blood cell (WBC) parameters, patients exhibited a significant increase in WBC total count (P: 12995.00±488.47, C: 7713.333±777.778), neutrophil % (P: 69.450±1.619, C: 51.200±1.826), lymphocyte % (P: 39.50±2.024, C: 30.867±1.268), and NLR (2.013±0.105). Conversely, there were no significant differences in eosinophil % (P: 3.450±0.4558, C: 3.267±0.5297), basophil % (P: 0.300±0.105, C: 0.267±1182), or monocyte % (P: 3.450±0.4558, C: 3.267±0.5297) between the two groups. In men without known prostatic illness, increased PSA was linked to markers of systemic inflammation. The results indicate the role of inflammatory processes in increasing the size of the prostate gland, as evidenced by the increased levels of immune markers like white blood cells and interleukins, along with the influence of zinc. Future research is required to determine how these markers relate to the development and incidence of prostate cancer., Competing Interests: The authors declare no conflict of interest., (©2023 JOURNAL of MEDICINE and LIFE.)

Objective: Various factors are known to determine the disease activity in patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA). The 'simplified disease activity' index (SDAI) is new tool of measurement of disease activity. The present study was designed to assess validity of SDAI using C-reactive protein (CRP) titer in comparison to 'disease activity score in 28 joints' (DAS28) in Iraqi patients with active RA. Methods: Sixty nine Iraqi RA patients were included in this study. All patients were active and fulfilled the ACR (American College of Rheumatology) classification criteria. Full history was taken and complete clinical examination was done for all patients. Patients' age, sex, number of swollen joints, visual analogue scale (VAS), and evaluators' global assessment (EGA) were documented. Laboratory analysis included erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR), CRP, SDAI and DAS28 were measured to assess disease activity. Results: The results revealed direct significant correlation between SDAI and DAS28 (r = 0.903, p < 0.001), and reported a good agreement between SDAI and DAS28 (κ = 0.777, p < 0.001). SDAI was found as a valid measure for disease activity using CRP as a screening test compared to DAS28 (AUC = 0.983, p < 0.001). Conclusion: SDAI is a valid and sensitive measure for assessment of rheumatoid arthritis disease activity that is comparable with the DAS28 using semi quantitative method to estimate CRP. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]