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The article discusses the strategic planning process in the U.S. for no-fly zones operations during conflicts in Kosovo, Iraq and Libya. Topics discussed include the Operation Odyssey Dawn conducted in Libya in 2011, the Operation Northern Watch conducted from 1991 to 2003 in the U.S., Great Britain and France, and the Operation Southern Watch. It also informs about the authorization and legality no-fly zone operation by the United Nations Security Council.

The article focuses on a report related to the developments of Operation Iraqi Freedom , released by the U.S. Congressional Research Service as of December 15, 2008. Topics discussed include the U.S. and Iraq strategic partnership, the role of the U.S. civilian and military in Iraq and the U.S. government policy for economic development of Iraq.

The article presents a discussion on the second supplemental appropriations for international affairs, military operations and other purposes in the U.S. for fiscal year (FY) 2008. Topics include the action taken by the U.S. Congress on the FY 2008 supplemental appropriations through December 2007, the reconstruction assistance for Iraq, and the remaining and additional supplemental funding requests for the U.S. Department of Defense (DoD).

During its first session, the 110th Congress provided emergency appropriations of $86.8 billion for the Department of Defense and $2.4 billion for international affairs, mainly for activities related to military operations in Iraq and Afghanistan. Of those amounts, $70 billion for defense and all of the $2.4 billion for international affairs were provided in the FY2008 consolidated appropriations bill, H.R. 2764, which the President signed into law, P.L. 110-161, on December 26, 2007. Congress left unresolved, however, the status of a substantial amount of additional FY2008 emergency funding that the Administration had requested. In all, Congress did not act on about $102.5 billion requested for the Department of Defense and $5.4 billion for international affairs. Congressional leaders have said that they plan to bring up a bill providing additional supplemental appropriations for FY2008 sometime this spring. Now, the House Appropriations Committee plans to begin marking up a supplemental bill the week of April 21. The bill may include some or all of the remaining amounts the Administration has requested for defense and international affairs and also funding for additional domestic as well as defense and international programs. The bill may become a vehicle for a renewed debate about troop withdrawals from Iraq. Other issues may include whether to provide reconstruction assistance to Iraq as loans rather than grants and whether to require that military units be stationed at home for at least as long as they are deployed abroad. There may also be debate about unrequested funding for C-17, C-130, and F-22 aircraft, and perhaps for some other programs, that Congress may consider adding to the bill. It is also possible that the supplemental could become a vehicle for an economic stimulus package, including extended unemployment benefits and other measures. This CRS report will be updated regularly to report on congressional action on remaining supplemental appropriations. For congressional action on FY2008 supplemental funding provided through December 2007, see CRS Report RL34278, FY2008 Supplemental Appropriations for Global War on Terror Military Operations, International Affairs, and Other Purposes, which will not be updated further. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article presents a discussion on the second supplemental appropriations for international affairs, military operations and other purposes in the U.S. for fiscal year (FY) 2008. Topics include the administration requests for the emergency supplemental appropriations, the provision of funding assistance for Iraq reconstruction, and the creation of supplemental requests to other countries like Afghanistan and Sudan.

The article offers information on the Operation Iraqi Freedom (OIF) that was launched on March 20, 2003, which aims to disable the regime from using weapons of mass destruction (WMD). It highlights the factors behind the decision on going to war in Iraq including WMD concerns, the September 11, 2001 attacks, and intent to take military action against Iraq. It mentions the planning for the war, major combat operations, and the security situation and military operations after the war.

The article discusses a report on the significant changes and developments in financial and personnel contributions from foreign governments to the stabilization and reconstruction of Iraq since 2003. Topics include the contributions to the Multi-National Security Training Command-Iraq (MNSTC-I), the North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO) Training Mission-Iraq (NTM-I), and the significant coalition partner events in Iraq since April 9, 2003.