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The article explores the political and social conditions in Iraq and Iran following the end of their war that started from 1980 and 1988. It notes that sources of oil exacerbated the war in which first battles occurred in the petroleum-producing regions of both states. It mentions that there was neither a significant increase in oil prices nor a reduction in supply despite the fears of policymakers in the U.S. that world petroleum markets would be heavily affected by the war. It also states that Iraq outspent Iran when it comes to military technology because of the aid of enormous loans from the Arab Gulf monarchies.

The article reports on the majority of Muslims that are scattered across the globe. It states that Muslims including the Shi'I Muslims gather in nation-states including Iran, Iraq, and Lebanon, while the Alawis Muslims gather in Syria, and the Alevis Muslims gather in Turkey. It also mentions that the Shi'i Muslims is a more intense and focused class of Islam.