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According to the World Health Organization, intimate partner violence (IPV) affects 35% of women worldwide and 40% of pregnant women, often resulting in maternal and infant death and harm. Displaced persons are at higher risk of abuse compared to the general population. While few studies have explored IPV in Iraq, research from Erbil, Iraq showed nearly 60% of women reported experiencing IPV in their lifetime. No publications examining IPV among displaced women in Iraq exist. Considering the severe impacts of IPV in pregnancy and the associated risks for IPV among women in refugee camps, this paper presents the first analysis of prevalence and factors associated with lifetime IPV among displaced pregnant women in two Iraqi refugee camps. Thirteen percent of women reported experiencing any abuse and experiencing IPV was associated with receiving fewer years of schooling (p = 0.04), not having a private doctor (p = 0.002), attending the first prenatal visit during the third trimester (p = 0.03), feeling pressure to have a child (p = 0.003), knowing someone who was physically injured by their husband (p = 0.05), experiencing suicidal ideation (p = 0.02), and being worried about harming one's baby (p = 0.02). Policy and programme recommendations for screening and prevention of IPV in resource-limited settings are provided. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: Maternal depression, which includes depression in the prenatal and postpartum periods, is estimated to affect between 10 and 20% of women globally but the rate is higher in the Middle East. Research focused on maternal depression in Iraq is limited to one study focused on postpartum depression. This paper identifies the prevalence and factors associated with antenatal depression among pregnant Iraqi women. Methods: Women seeking maternal health services at primary health centers were invited to participate. Data were collected by trained midwifery students in Erbil, Iraq. Responses to the PHQ-2 PRIME-MD depression questions were used to identify depressive symptoms. Chi-square and logistic regression analyses were used to analyze findings. Results: Of the 179 participants, 86 (48%) reported depressive symptoms. In bivariate analysis, antenatal depression was associated with gestational age (p = 0.03), first prenatal visit in the second trimester (p = 0.003), loss of appetite (p = 0.003), not having help at home (p = 0.03), and use of prenatal vitamins (p = 0.002). Gravida approached significance (p = 0.07). In adjusted analysis, women reporting loss of appetite were more likely to report depressive symptoms (OR = 3.09, 95% CI: 1.47–6.51). Discussion: Consistent with other research from the region, nearly half the women reported depressive symptoms. Because lack of appetite is associated with depressive symptoms, women reporting loss of appetite should be prioritized for depression screening in time-constrained settings. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]