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The aim of this study was to identify phenolic compounds in walnut leaves from northern Iraq and evaluate their ability to act as antibacterial and antioxidant agents. Phenolic compounds were determined by reversed‐phase HPLC. Antibacterial activity was tested against various bacteria. Antioxidant properties were evaluated by various assays, including reducing power and DPPH radical scavenging activity. The HPLC profiles of walnut leaf fractions revealed quercetin, hydroquinone, 4‐hydroxybenzoic acid, and caffeic acid in three fractions. The inhibitory activity of DPPH was determined as 47.66, 32.41, and 51.90 μg/mL for fractions I, II, and III, respectively. For ferric reducing power activity, fraction II > fraction III > fraction I and the FRAP activity was observed as 64.43, 73.19, and 68.18 μg/mL for fractions I, II, and III, respectively. All extracted fractions had antibacterial properties against all bacterial strains tested. Observations showed that fraction I was able to produce similar zones of inhibition as streptomycin in most cases. These results suggest that the fractions of this plant extract are plausible natural antioxidants that could be used as prime candidates for the synthesis of antioxidant drugs that can be used for the treatment of many oxidative stress‐related diseases. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Peganum harmala L. (Zygophyllaceae) used in traditional medicine of Iraq and itis one of the most famous medicinal plants. The most bacteria pathogen is resistance for synthesis antibiotic drugs resulting from abuse uses of the patient or produce resistance strains for microorganism therefor, the aim of this search is the effect antibacterial of seed alcoholic extract of peganum harmala on some Gram negative bacteria pathogen. Methods: The broth serial dilution assay method determined the minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC) and minimal bactericidal concentration (MBC) of seed methanolic extract of Peganum harmala were tested for antibacterial effect against bacterial isolates (salmonlla enteric, klebsiela pneumonia multidrugresitant E. Coli and highly resist E.coli), used phytochemical analysis of seed mathanolic extrac of peganumharmala. Result: showed good antibacterial activity against strain Salmonella enteric and Klebsella pneumonia, were MBC at concentration (25 mg/ml) and no effect of low concentration of MIC. The MBC value against strain multidrugresistant Escherichia coli, was at concentration (3.125 mg/ml) and MIC at (25 and 12.5 mg/ml), while MBC of highly resist Escherichia coli was in (12.5mg/ml) and MIC value at 50 mg/ml compared with standard antibiotics synthesis. Phytochemical analysis of component seed methanolic extract of peganumharmala showed presence of flavonoids, alkaloids, saponins, tannins, glycosides, terpenoids and steroids. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]