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In the northwestern sector of the Zagros foreland basin, axial fluvial systems initially delivered fine‐grained sediments from northwestern source regions into a contiguous basin, and later transverse fluvial systems delivered coarse‐grained sediments from northeastern sources into a structurally partitioned basin by fold‐thrust deformation. Here we integrate sedimentologic, stratigraphic, palaeomagnetic and geochronologic data from the northwestern Zagros foreland basin to define the Neogene history of deposition and sediment routing in response to progressive advance of the Zagros fold‐thrust belt. This study constrains the depositional environments, timing of deposition and provenance of nonmarine clastic deposits of the Injana (Upper Fars), Mukdadiya (Lower Bakhtiari) and Bai‐Hasan (Upper Bakhtiari) Formations in the Kurdistan region of Iraq. Sediments of the Injana Formation (~12.4–7.75 Ma) were transported axially (orogen‐parallel) from northwest to southeast by meandering and low‐sinuosity channel belt system. In contrast, during deposition of the Mukdadiya Formation (~7.75–5 Ma), sediments were delivered transversely (orogen‐perpendicular) from northeast to southwest by braided and low‐sinuosity channel belt system in distributive fluvial megafans. By ~5 Ma, the northwestern Zagros foreland basin became partitioned by growth of the Mountain Front Flexure and considerable gravel was introduced in localized alluvial fans derived from growing topographic highs. Foredeep accumulation rates during deposition of the Injana, Mukdadiya and Bai‐Hasan Formations averaged 350, 400 and 600 m/Myr respectively, suggesting accelerated accommodation generation in a rapidly subsiding basin governed by flexural subsidence. Detrital zircon U‐Pb age spectra show that in addition to sources of Mesozoic‐Cenozoic cover strata, the Injana Formation was derived chiefly from Palaeozoic‐Precambrian (including Carboniferous and latest Neoproterozoic) strata in an axial position to the northwest, likely from the Bitlis‐Puturge Massif and broader Eastern Anatolia. In contrast, the Mukdadiya and Bai‐Hasan Formations yield distinctive Palaeogene U‐Pb age peaks, particularly in the southeastern sector of the study region, consistent with transverse delivery from the arc‐related terranes of the Walash and Naopurdan volcano‐sedimentary groups (Gaveh‐Rud domain?) and Urumieh‐Dokhtar magmatic arc to the northeast. These temporal and spatial variations in stratigraphic framework, depositional environments, sediment routing and compositional provenance reveal a major drainage reorganization during Neogene shortening in the Zagros fold‐thrust belt. Whereas axial fluvial systems initially dominated the foreland basin during early orogenesis in the Kurdistan region of Iraq, transverse fluvial systems were subsequently established and delivered major sediment volumes to the foreland as a consequence of the abrupt deformation advance and associated topographic growth in the Zagros. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract: The Zagros Mountains are the result of the Arabia/Eurasia collision initiated at ~35Ma as the rifted Arabian lithosphere was underthrusted beneath the Iranian plate due to its negative buoyancy. The onset of crustal thickening started at ~25Ma, as recorded by the hinterland exhumation and foreland clastic deposition. Deformation throughout the Arabia/Eurasia collision zone and the uplift of the Iranian plateau occurred after 15–12Ma, as a result of shortening/thickening of the thin Iranian crust. We emphasize that only 42% of the post-35Ma convergence is partitioned by shortening within central Iran. Tomographic constraints show ongoing slab steepening or breakoff in the NW Zagros, whereas underthrusting of the Arabian plate is observed beneath central Zagros. The current subduction dynamics can be explained by the original lateral difference in the buoyancy of the distal margin that promoted slab sinking in NW Zagros and underthrusting in central Zagros. Critical wedge approach applied to the Zagros favors the hypothesis of strong brittle crust detached above a viscous lower crust. In contrast, the weak sedimentary cover deforms by buckling of a thick multilayered cover. Thrust faulting associated with folding occurs in the competent layers and is responsible for most of the earthquakes. There is evidence that the role of the slab pull force in driving the Arabian plate motion was reduced after ~12Ma. Large-scale mantle flow induced by mantle upwelling at the Afar plume appears to be the main driver of the Arabia plate motion. We stress that the main kinematic change in the Zagros region occurred at 15–12Ma as the Zagros uplifted, before the Arabian slab detached. The Zagros appears key to investigate coupling between continental rheology, plate driving forces and mountain building, in which the role of rift inheritance appears to be central. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]