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Background and Objectives Parvovirus B19 may cause a number of clinical illnesses including infectious erythem, arthropathy hydropes fetalis or congenital anemia, and transient aplastic crises. The virus is very infectious and is transmitted via respiratory tract, and blood transfusion. The aim of this study was to detect B19 virus in persons who suffer from blood disorders. Materials and Methods Parvovirus B19 infection was compared in patients suffering from blood disorders with healthy people in Isfahan, Iran. Sera were collected from 35 and 30 patients with the history of chronic anemia and lukemia/lymphoma. Thirty persons were considered as control group without any blood complications. DNAs of all sera were extracted and tested for presence of B19 DNA using semi-nested PCR. Results B19 DNA was detected in 15 samples (23.1%) out of 65 patient sera. The infection rate was 17.1% and 30% among benign and malignant blood disorder groups, respectively. None of healthy people showed positive results. Conclusions Results are consistent with previous studies indicating that parvovirus B19 infection in high-risk individuals is higher including patients with hematologic disorders. Blood donor screening for parvovirus B19 in high risk patients is necessary and can effectively reduce the incidence and prevalence of B19 infection. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]