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Objective: To assess decision making process and knowledge level of dentists treating children with type 1 diabetes., Study Design: Cross-sectional survey among dentistry residents and dental specialists working in clinics that provide dental care to children with type 1 diabetes., Results: A total of 166 respondents were included. 42% of respondents perceived that they have sufficient knowledge to treat children with diabetes, in correlation with an average score of 1.9 out of 4 on knowledge questions. Over 80% of dentists decided to treat patients by consulting with the treating physician or by checking HbA1c and glucose blood levels independently. Greater knowledge was associated with a significantly higher tendency of the dentists to determine if the child's diabetes is controlled, and to refer less often to the hospital. Furthermore, greater knowledge was also associated with dentists' greater perception that they have enough knowledge, skills and confidence to treat children with diabetes., Conclusions: The study revealed significant gaps in the knowledge on diabetes among dentists who provide dental care to children. Dentists, pediatricians, endocrinologists, and other healthcare professionals who provide care for children should be encouraged to collaborate to create a mutual knowledgeable work environment for delivering best care to their patients.

Background: Supernumerary teeth are one of the most common anomalies in the human dentition, found most frequently in the maxillary anterior region causing impaction or displacement of the adjacent permanent teeth., Aim: The purpose of this retrospective study was to determine the prevalence and characteristics of supernumerary teeth in orthodontically treated patients., Study Design: Pre-treatment facial and intraoral photographs, study models, panoramic and periapical radiographs of 3,000 consecutively treated orthodontic patients (mean age 12.2 years) from the Department of Orthodontics Tel Aviv University, were examined to detect supernumerary teeth in both arches. They were recorded according to gender, age, number, location, position and morphology., Results: Thirty-six patients, 22 (61%) males and 14 (39%) females with 50 supernumerary teeth, of which 42 (84%) were found in the maxillary anterior region, and 8 (16%) in the mandible, presenting a prevalence of 1.2%., Conclusions: A prevalence of 1.2% was found in our study. The most common supernumerary tooth is mesiodens located at the maxillary anterior region. The characteristics of supernumeraries were based on their morphology, location and position. The most frequent complications caused were rotations, displacement and arrested eruption of maxillary incisors.

Objectives: The Special Olympics Special Smiles (SOSS) Program provides oral health screening and data collection for athletes with intellectual disabilities who participate in Special Olympics events., Aim: This study evaluated the prevalence and severity of dental trauma among Special Olympics athletes with intellectual disabilities who participated in the 2016 Israeli Special Olympics games., Methods: A free voluntary dental examination was offered to all participating athletes. The examination was performed by volunteer dentists who completed a standard SOSS examination form, which included questions on oral health status and evidence of dental trauma in the anterior teeth. The dental traumas were categorized by a modified clinical version of the Ellis classification for dental traumas, and they were combined into three main categories according to their severity. Chi-square analysis was used to find differences between gender and age in regard to the prevalence of dental trauma., Results: The sample consisted of 249 athletes with intellectual disabilities aged 10-65 years (mean 29.2 ± 11.24). The prevalence of dental trauma was 27.3%, of which 9.64% were categorized as mild and 17.67% as severe. Most of the traumas (94%) involved the maxillary incisors., Conclusions: The relatively high prevalence of dental trauma in special needs athletes revealed by this study's findings supports the need for using preventive measures, such as mouth guards, during sport activities., (© 2018 Special Care Dentistry Association and Wiley Periodicals, Inc.)

Objectives: This cross-sectional study was aimed at determining whether certain pre-natal and natal conditions can predict specific dental anomalies. The conditions observed were: low birth-weight, preterm birth, pre-natal & natal complications. The dental anomalies observed were: enamel defects, total number of decayed, missing and filled teeth (total DMFT), disturbances in the tooth shape and disturbances in the number of teeth., Study Design: Out of more than 2000 medical files of children aged 2-17 years old which were reviewed, 300 files met the selection criteria. Information recorded from the files included: age, gender, health status (the ASA physical status classification system by the American Society of Anesthesiologists), birth week, birth weight, total DMFT, hypomineralization, abnormal tooth shape, abnormal number of teeth and hypoplasia., Results: Twenty one children out of 300 (7%) were born after a high-risk pregnancy, 25 children (8.3%) were born after high-risk birth, 20 children (6.7%) were born preterm - before week 37, and 29 children (9.7%) were born with a low birth weight (LBW) - 2500 grams or less. A relationship between a preterm birth and LBW to hypomineralization was found. And a relationship between a preterm birth and high-risk pregnancy to abnormal number of teeth was found. No relationship was found between birth (normal/high-risk) and the other parameters inspected., Conclusion: Preterm birth and LBW may predict hypomineralization in both primary and permanent dentitions. Furthermore, the study demonstrated that preterm birth and high-risk pregnancy may predict abnormal number of teeth in both dentitions.

Aim: To identify the type and relative prevalence of mistakes, negligence and legal offences (MNLOs) performed or nearly performed by paediatric dentists during their entire career., Methods: The population consisted of 25 (29.4%) certified and 48 (56.5%) non-certified paediatric dentists, and 12 (14.1%) residents in paediatric dentistry. A structured anonymous questionnaire accessed occupational characteristics and frequencies of MNLOs (0, 1-4, 5-10, >10)., Results: The most prevalent MNLOs related to the performance of radiographs: bite-wings with overlapping teeth (90%), overturned film (30%), film over-exposure (48%), faulty film development (84%) and exposure of the same side of film twice (32%). Other MNLOs were drilling an intact tooth (37%), misdiagnosing existing radiographic caries (63%), anaesthetising the wrong tooth (49%), accidental incision of the cheek/lips during treatment (73%), administering an incorrect dose of antibiotic (49%) or analgesics (24%), extracting the wrong tooth (15%), documenting the wrong tooth in the patient's file (63%), and a child swallowing an instrument (33%) or clasp (15%). Prevalent MNLOs included administering sedation to a child who had not fasted (32%), sedating without monitoring (9%), treating children without receiving signed parental consent (15%) and losing a radiograph (64%)., Conclusions: MNLOs occur commonly during various operative dental treatments. Means to raise awareness and to implement regulations should be addressed to limit these mistakes.